Effects of systemic ozone administration on the fresh extraction sockets healing: a histomorphometric and immunohistochemical study in rats.

OBJECTIVE: Studies have highlighted numerous benefits of ozone therapy in the field of medicine and dentistry, including its antimicrobial efficacy against various pathogenic microorganisms, its ability to modulate the immune system effectively, reduce inflammation, prevent hypoxia, and support tissue regeneration. However, its effects on dental extraction healing remain to be elucidated. .Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of systemically administered ozone (O3) at different doses in the healing of dental extraction sockets in rats. METHODOLOGY: To this end, 72 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups after extraction of the right upper central incisor: Group C - control, no systemic treatment; Group OZ0.3 - animals received a single dose of 0.3 mg/kg O3; Group OZ0.7 - a single dose of 0.7 mg/kg O3; and Group OZ1.0 - a single dose of 1.0 mg/kg O3, intraperitoneally. In total, six animals from each group were euthanized at 7, 14, and 21 days after the commencement of treatment. Bone samples were harvested and further analyzed by descriptive histology, histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry for osteocalcin (OCN) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) protein expression. RESULTS: All applied doses of O3 were shown to increase the percentage of bone tissue (PBT) after 21 days compared to group C. After 14 days, the OZ0.7 and OZ1.0 groups showed significantly higher PBT when compared to group C. The OZ1.0 group presented the most beneficial results regarding PBT among groups, which denotes a dose-dependent response. OCN immunostaining was higher in all groups at 21 days. However, after seven and 14 days, the OZ1.0 group showed a significant increase in OCN immunostaining compared to C group. No differences in TRAP+ osteoclasts were found between groups and time points. CONCLUSION: Therefore, O3 therapy at higher doses might be beneficial for bone repair of the alveolar socket following tooth extraction.

The effects of sodium alendronate on socket healing after tooth extraction: a systematic review of animal studies.

The aim of this systematic review was to answer the following question: "Does alendronate, a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, improve or impair alveolar socket healing after tooth extraction in animal models"? To this end, a systematic review of the literature was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science, as well as in the gray literature up to May 2023. Preclinical studies that evaluated alveolar healing after tooth extraction and the intake of sodium alendronate compared with placebo were included. Two investigators were responsible for screening the articles independently, extracting the data, and assessing their quality through the SYRCLE's RoB tool for randomized trials in animal studies. The study selection process, study characteristics, risk of bias in studies, impact of alendronate on bone healing, and certainty of evidence were described in text and table formats. Methodological differences among the studies were restricted to the synthesis methods. The synthesis of qualitative results followed the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) reporting guideline. From the 19 included studies, five were considered to have low risk, three were of unclear risk, and eleven presented a high risk of bias. The studies were considered heterogeneous regarding alendronate posology, including its dosage and route of administration. Furthermore, a variety of animal species, different age ranges, diverse teeth extracted, and exposure or not to ovariectomy contributed to the lack of parity of the selected studies. Our results indicated that alendronate monotherapy negatively affects the early phase of wound healing after tooth extraction in preclinical studies, suggesting that the bone resorption process after tooth extraction in animals treated with alendronate might impair the bone healing process of the extraction socket. In conclusion, alendronate administration restrains bone resorption, thereby delaying alveolar socket healing . Future studies should be conducted to validate these findings and to better understand the effects of alendronate therapy on oral tissues.

The effects of sodium alendronate on socket healing after tooth extraction: a systematic review of animal studies

Abstract The aim of this systematic review was to answer the following question: "Does alendronate, a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, improve or impair alveolar socket healing after tooth extraction in animal models"? To this end, a systematic review of the literature was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science, as well as in the gray literature up to May 2023. Preclinical studies that evaluated alveolar healing after tooth extraction and the intake of sodium alendronate compared with placebo were included. Two investigators were responsible for screening the articles independently, extracting the data, and assessing their quality through the SYRCLE's RoB tool for randomized trials in animal studies. The study selection process, study characteristics, risk of bias in studies, impact of alendronate on bone healing, and certainty of evidence were described in text and table formats. Methodological differences among the studies were restricted to the synthesis methods. The synthesis of qualitative results followed the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) reporting guideline. From the 19 included studies, five were considered to have low risk, three were of unclear risk, and eleven presented a high risk of bias. The studies were considered heterogeneous regarding alendronate posology, including its dosage and route of administration. Furthermore, a variety of animal species, different age ranges, diverse teeth extracted, and exposure or not to ovariectomy contributed to the lack of parity of the selected studies. Our results indicated that alendronate monotherapy negatively affects the early phase of wound healing after tooth extraction in preclinical studies, suggesting that the bone resorption process after tooth extraction in animals treated with alendronate might impair the bone healing process of the extraction socket. In conclusion, alendronate administration restrains bone resorption, thereby delaying alveolar socket healing . Future studies should be conducted to validate these findings and to better understand the effects of alendronate therapy on oral tissues.

Effects of systemic ozone administration on the fresh extraction sockets healing: a histomorphometric and immunohistochemical study in rats

Abstract Studies have highlighted numerous benefits of ozone therapy in the field of medicine and dentistry, including its antimicrobial efficacy against various pathogenic microorganisms, its ability to modulate the immune system effectively, reduce inflammation, prevent hypoxia, and support tissue regeneration. However, its effects on dental extraction healing remain to be elucidated. Objective Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of systemically administered ozone (O3) at different doses in the healing of dental extraction sockets in rats. Methodology To this end, 72 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups after extraction of the right upper central incisor: Group C - control, no systemic treatment; Group OZ0.3 - animals received a single dose of 0.3 mg/kg O3; Group OZ0.7 - a single dose of 0.7 mg/kg O3; and Group OZ1.0 - a single dose of 1.0 mg/kg O3, intraperitoneally. In total, six animals from each group were euthanized at 7, 14, and 21 days after the commencement of treatment. Bone samples were harvested and further analyzed by descriptive histology, histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry for osteocalcin (OCN) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) protein expression. Results All applied doses of O3 were shown to increase the percentage of bone tissue (PBT) after 21 days compared to group C. After 14 days, the OZ0.7 and OZ1.0 groups showed significantly higher PBT when compared to group C. The OZ1.0 group presented the most beneficial results regarding PBT among groups, which denotes a dose-dependent response. OCN immunostaining was higher in all groups at 21 days. However, after seven and 14 days, the OZ1.0 group showed a significant increase in OCN immunostaining compared to C group. No differences in TRAP+ osteoclasts were found between groups and time points. Conclusion Therefore, O3 therapy at higher doses might be beneficial for bone repair of the alveolar socket following tooth extraction.

Periodontal regeneration: is it still a goal in clinical periodontology?

In the last decades, Periodontal Regeneration has been one of the most discussed topics in Periodontics, attracting the attention of researchers and clinicians. This can be justified by the evident and continuous progress observed in the field, characterized by a better understanding of the biological mechanisms involved, significant improvement of operative and technical principles, and the emergence of a wide range of biomaterials available for this purpose. Together, these aspects put the theme much in evidence in the search for functional and esthetic therapeutic solutions for periodontal tissue destruction. Despite the evident evolution, periodontal regeneration may be challenging and require the clinician to carefully evaluate each case before making a therapeutic decision. With a critical reassessment of the clinical and preclinical literature, the present study aimed to discuss the topic to answer whether Periodontal Regeneration is still a goal in clinical periodontology. The main aspects involved in the probability of success or failure of regenerative approaches were considered. A greater focus was given to intrabony and furcation defects, clinical conditions with greater therapeutic predictability. Aspects such as more appropriate materials/approaches, long-term benefits and their justification for a higher initial cost were discussed for each condition. In general, deep intrabony defects associated with residual pockets and buccal/lingual class II furcation lesions have predictable and clinically relevant results. Careful selection of the case (based on patient and defect characteristics) and excellent maintenance are essential conditions to ensure initial and long-term success.

Periodontal regeneration: is it still a goal in clinical periodontology?

Abstract In the last decades, Periodontal Regeneration has been one of the most discussed topics in Periodontics, attracting the attention of researchers and clinicians. This can be justified by the evident and continuous progress observed in the field, characterized by a better understanding of the biological mechanisms involved, significant improvement of operative and technical principles, and the emergence of a wide range of biomaterials available for this purpose. Together, these aspects put the theme much in evidence in the search for functional and esthetic therapeutic solutions for periodontal tissue destruction. Despite the evident evolution, periodontal regeneration may be challenging and require the clinician to carefully evaluate each case before making a therapeutic decision. With a critical reassessment of the clinical and preclinical literature, the present study aimed to discuss the topic to answer whether Periodontal Regeneration is still a goal in clinical periodontology. The main aspects involved in the probability of success or failure of regenerative approaches were considered. A greater focus was given to intrabony and furcation defects, clinical conditions with greater therapeutic predictability. Aspects such as more appropriate materials/approaches, long-term benefits and their justification for a higher initial cost were discussed for each condition. In general, deep intrabony defects associated with residual pockets and buccal/lingual class II furcation lesions have predictable and clinically relevant results. Careful selection of the case (based on patient and defect characteristics) and excellent maintenance are essential conditions to ensure initial and long-term success.

Alendronate Impairs Healing of Calvaria Critical Defects After Bone Graft With Different Bone Substitute Materials.

PURPOSE: The aim of this preclinical study was to evaluate the healing of critical-sized defects (CSDs) in the calvarial bone of rats grafted with deproteinized bovine bone graft (DBB) and with a combination of hydroxyapatite (HA) and ß-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and bisphosphonate treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-four animals were randomly divided into 2 groups according to the type of solution administered: the control group (CTR, saline solution) and the test group (alendronate [ALD]; sodium alendronate-50 µg/kg/day). Medications were administered via oral gavage starting 15 days before the surgical procedure until the end of the experiment. A CSD (5 mm in diameter) was made in the calvaria of each animal, and the rats were randomly allocated to 3 subgroups according to the biomaterial used to fill the defect: coagulum, DBB, and HA/TCP. The animals were sacrificed 15 and 60 days after the surgical procedure (n = 7 animals/period/subgroup). Microcomputed tomography was used to evaluate the percentage of mineralized tissues (volume). The amount of newly formed bone and remaining bone substitute material in the calvaria were analyzed by histomorphometry. RESULTS: There were no differences between the CTR and ALD groups with regard to the volume of mineralized tissues. The DBB and HA/TCP subgroups of CTR animals presented a significant increase in newly formed bone compared with these subgroups of ALD animals after 60 days of healing. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our findings indicate that the use of oral ALD reduced bone formation in CSD in the calvaria of rats grafted with DBB and HA/TCP.

A utilização do ácido hialurônico para ganho vertical de papila em área estética / The use of hyaluronic acid for vertical papilas formation in the esthetic zone

Defeitos mucogengivais em decorrência do avanço da doença periodontal resultam em perda óssea alveolar e consequente migração apical da papila interdental, levando à formação de triângulos negros que comprometem a estética do paciente. O tratamento de defeitos mucogengivais e peri-implantares vem sendo amplamente estudado no sentido de otimizar os resultados clínicos alcançados e são considerados um grande desafio na prática clínica. Assim, o presente estudo buscou avaliar a eficácia clínica de um novo método para eliminar ou reduzir pequenos defeitos de papila, utilizando-se o gel de ácido hialurônico (AH). A utilização de gel de AH, comercialmente disponível, foi utilizado em dois casos clínicos como um método possível de formação de papila entre implantes, e em áreas de pôntico de prótese fixa sobre implantes em regiões estéticas da maxila. Os pacientes incluídos neste estudo apresentavam- -se com pelo menos um defeito de papila na região anterior. Antes do tratamento, fotografias da condição inicial dos pacientes foram obtidas. O procedimento clínico para aplicação do gel de AH (0,2 mL) foi realizado com anestesia tópica, após profilaxia, utilizando-se um dispositivo apropriado, 2-3 mm apical à borda coronária da papila envolvida. Reavaliações periódicas a cada 3 semanas foram conduzidas, e a aplicação do gel de AH foi repetida por três vezes. Os pacientes foram acompanhados durante um período de seis meses após a aplicação do gel e fotografias foram obtidas para comparação dos resultados alcançados. Os resultados mostraram satisfatório aumento do volume tecidual nos dois casos tratados, os quais resultaram em um maior preenchimento tecidual e consequente melhora das condições estéticas dos pacientes. Em conclusão, os resultados do presente estudo são encorajadores, evidenciando que pequenos defeitos de papila interdentária entre pônticos e entre implantes podem ser solucionados por meio da aplicação clínica do gel de AH, resultando em satisfatório ganho tecidual com baixa morbidade ao paciente (AU)

Mucogingival defects as a consequence of the advancement of periodontal disease result in bone loss and subsequent apical migration of the interdental papilla, leading to the formation of black triangles that compromise the patient aesthetics. The treatment of mucogingival and peri-implant defects is considered a major challenge in clinical practice and has been widely studied in order to optimize clinical results. Thus, the present study sought to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a new method to eliminate or reduce small papillary defects, using the hyaluronic acid gel (HA). The HA gel, commercially available, was used in two cases as a possible method for the formation of papilla between implants and in pontics region of implant-supported prostheses in the anterior maxillary region. The patients included in this study had at least one papillary defect in the anterior region. Before treatment, photographs of the initial condition of all patients were obtained. The clinical procedure for the application of the HA gel (0.2 mL) was performed under topic anesthesia, after dental prophylaxis, using an appropriate device, 2-3 mm apical to the coronal tip of the involved papilla. Patients were seen every 3 weeks, and the application of the HA gel was repeated three times. Patients were followed for a period of six months after the HA gel application and photographs were taken for results comparison. Satisfactory increased tissue volume was observed in all cases, which resulted in greater tissue filling and consequent improvement of aesthetic conditions. In conclusion, the results of the present study are encouraging, showing that small defects of interdental papilla between implants and prosthetic pontic can be solved through clinical application of HA gel resulting in satisfactory tissue gain with low morbidity to the patient (AU)

Correlation of Fractal Dimension with Histomorphometry in Maxillary Sinus Lifting Using Autogenous Bone Graft

The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of bone remodeling after maxillary sinus lifting in humans by means of fractal dimension (FD) and histomorphometric analysis. Therefore, the correlation between FD and the histomorphometric findings was evaluated. Sixteen patients with posterior edentulous maxilla were enrolled in this study. Maxillary sinus lifting was performed using autogenous bone grafted from the mandibular retromolar area. Three direct digital panoramic radiographs were obtained: before surgery (Group 1), immediately postoperatively (Group 2) and after 6 months of healing (Group 3) for FD analysis. Biopsies were taken after 6 months, processed and submitted to histological and histomorphometric analysis. Data were analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk test and ANOVA test followed by a Tukey test (a=0.05). The bone volume fraction of newly trabecular bone (TB) and medullary area (MA) was measured as 62.75%±17.16% and 37.25±17.16%, respectively. Significant difference in FD analysis was measured between Group 1 and Group 3. No significant difference was found in the correlation between FD and histomorphometric analysis for TB and MA (p=0.84). In conclusion, all performed analyses were effective in assessing the bone-remodeling pattern in the maxillary sinus, offering complementary information about healing and predictable outcomes. There were no correlations between FD and histomorphometric analysis.

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o padrão de remodelação óssea após levantamento de seio maxilar in humanos por meio de analise de dimensão fractal (FD) e histomorfometria. Além disso, a correlação entre FD e histomorfometria foi avaliada. Dezesseis pacientes com edentulismo na região posterior da maxila foram relacionados para este estudo. Levantamento de seio maxilar foi realizado utilizando-se enxerto de osso autógeno coletado da região retro molar da mandíbula. Três radiografias panorâmicas digitais foram obtidas: antes da cirurgia (Grupo 1), imediatamente após o levantamento de seio (Grupo 2) e após 6 meses de cicatrização (Grupo 3) para analise de FD. Biopsias foram coletadas após 6 meses, processadas e submetidas para analise histológica e histomorfométrica. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o teste Shapiro-Wilk e ANOVA seguido pelo pós teste de Tukey (a=0.05). A fração de volume de ósseo neoformado para o osso trabecular (TB) e para a área medular (MA) foi mensurado como 65,75%±17,16% and 37,25±17,16%, respectivamente. Diferença significante na analise FD foi observada entre os grupos 1 e 3. Nenhuma diferença estatística foi encontrada para correlação entre FD e histomorfometria para TB e MA (p=0,84). Em conclusão, todas as análises realizadas foram efetivas em acessar o padrão de remodelação ósseo no seio maxilar, oferecendo informações complementares sobre cicatrização e previsibilidade de resultados. Não houve correlação entre FD e histomorfometria.

Tratamento cirúrgico de sialolitíase em glândula submandibular - relato de caso / Surgical treatment of sialolithiasis in the submandibular gland - case report

A sialolitíase é responsável por metade das patologias que acometem as glândulas salivares e, em função disso, vem sendo tratada e estudada há décadas. Nos últimos anos, com o advento de novos recursos de diagnóstico e métodos de tratamento, propostas terapêuticas vêm sendo continuamente sugeridas para abordagem dos cálculos salivares. Este trabalho apresenta o caso clínico de um paciente de gênero masculino, de trinta e sete anos que procurou atendimento profissional devido aumento volumétrico e dor em região submandibular esquerda com seis meses de evolução. A avaliação clínica associada aos exames de imagem levaram à confirmação diagnóstica de sialolitíase, com o cálculo salivar localizado no ducto da glândula submandibular esquerda. Foi planejada e realizada a remoção cirúrgica por acesso intrabucal do sialolito, de forma que num pós-operatório imediato já se observa funcionamento normal da glândula e de seu sistema secretor. Com base no caso apresentado, este trabalho ainda discute os mais recentes métodos de diagnóstico e tratamento de sialolitíase.

Considering that sialolithiasis is responsible for half of disorders that affect the salivary glands, and therefore it has been studied and treated during decades. Therapeutic alternatives have been suggested to treat salivary calculi over the last years due to development of diagnostic and treatment resources. The aim of this study is to report the case of a male patient, 37 years old, who reported pain and volume expansion in left submandibular region during 6 months. Clinical evaluation combined with radiographic exams confirmed the diagnosis of sialolithiasis with salivary calculus in the duct of left submandibular gland. After definitive diagnostic of sialolithiasis, surgical removal of calculus was planned and performed through intraoral approach of calculus in left submandibular duct. Normal function and drainage recovery was achieved in an immediate postoperative period. According to the present report, this study still discusses the current methods for diagnosis and treatment of sialolithiasis.

Protocolo cirúrgico para reabilitação de dentes com fratura radicular visando a excelência estética / Achieving esthetic results through a surgical protocol for the rehabilitation of teeth with root fracture

A extração dentária resulta em alterações acentuadas no volume dos tecidos ósseos e gengivas. A reabsorção do osso alveolar inviabiliza a colocação tridimensional ideal do implante. Mesmo quando um implante é colocado imediatamente após a extração dentária, a tábua óssea vestibular pode ser reabsorvida, comprometendo a estética do tratamento reabilitador. Se essa reabsorção pudesse ser evitada ou minimizada após a extração do dente, resultados mais previsíveis poderiam ser alcançados. Para isso, o enxerto de osso autógeno, associado ou não a biomateriais, em alvéolos pós-extração, é procedimento amplamente discutido pela literatura científica, e mostra resultados seguros em relação à regeneração óssea. Este estudo demostra um protocolo cirúrgico que resultou em ótimo resultado estético

Tooth extraction results in marked changes in the volume of bone and gingival tissue. The resorption of alveolar bone prevents ideal three-dimensional implant placement. Even when an implant is placed immediately after tooth extraction, the buccal bone plate can be reabsorbed, resulting in esthetic compromise of the rehabilitation treatment. However, when this resorption can be avoided of minimized after tooth extraction, more predictable results are achieved. For this purpose, autogenous bone grafts, alone or combined with biomaterials used for post-extraction socket is broadly used and reported in the scientific literature since they show reliable results with regard to bone regeneration. The present study demonstrates a surgical protocol that resulted in excellent esthetic results

A utilização do enxerto ósseo autógeno para tratamento de lesão de furca Grau II / Utilization of autogenous bone grafts to treat class II furcation

A destruição do tecido ósseo e do ligamento periodontal como consequênciada doença periodontal pode gerar defeitos anatômicos na regiãode furca. O tratamento destas lesões é um grande desafio para o clínico,pois esta área possui acesso limitado para os instrumentais de raspagem,tornando difícil a remoção eficiente do biofilme dental e do cálculo dassuperfícies radiculares. Para o planejamento adequado da terapêutica a serutilizada, uma série de fatores devem ser levados em consideração visandoa obtenção de sucesso imediato e a longo prazo do caso. A terapiacirúrgica com a utilização de enxertos pode ser uma opção viável em casosde lesões de furca Grau II visando o fechamento da lesão e maior estabilidadeperiodontal. O objetivo deste artigo foi relatar um caso clínicoonde foi realizada uma abordagem cirúrgica simplificada com a utilizaçãoapenas de enxerto autógeno para o tratamento de um dente com lesãode furca Grau II. Após 12 meses de pós-operatório houve aumento nonível de inserção clínica e diminuição da profundidade de sondagem comconsequente fechamento total da lesão de furca.

Associação de prótese fixa, implantes e estética periodontal para reabilitação de pacientes parcialmente edêntulos / Association of fixed partial prosthesis, dental implants, and periodontal aesthetic procedures for rehabilitation of partially edentulous patients

A doença periodontal é uma doença inflamatória crônica que resulta na destruição dos tecidos de suporte com consequente perda dental. A substituição dos dentes perdidos por restaurações implantossuportadas tem demonstrado ser um método de tratamento altamente previsível com bom prognóstico em longo prazo. Contudo, algumas sequelas da perda dentária inviabilizam a instalação de implantes osseointegrados em posição ideal, sendo, neste caso, necessários procedimentos regenerativos para tornar possível este tipo de reabilitação. Procedimentos menos invasivos, como próteses convencionais, surgem como uma opção terapêutica para reabilitação de casos em que não há estrutura óssea suficiente para implantes e não há aceitação de procedimentos invasivos por parte dos pacientes. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar a resolução de uma reabilitação por meio de tratamento não invasivo e multidisciplinar. A paciente, gênero feminino, compareceu a clínica da faculdade apresentando próteses fixas mandibulares mal adaptadas bilateralmente, lesões endodônticas, recessão gengival nos dentes pilares e sensibilidade dentinária. Para a adequada resolução deste caso foi proposto à associação de implantes osseointegrados, prótese parcial fixa, exodontia e procedimentos periodontais estéticos, com a utilização de enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial. Após dois anos de pós-operatório, a paciente mostrou satisfação estética e mastigatória. Com base no caso apresentado, este trabalho discutiu os diversos fatores que podem afetar a escolha de uma determinada modalidade de tratamento, para a reabilitação de espaços edêntulos unitários.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that results in the destruction of teeth and their supporting tissues with subsequent tooth loss. The replacement of missing teeth for implant-supported restorations has proven to be a highly predictable treatment method with good long-term prognosis. However, some consequences of tooth loss prevents dental implant placement in an ideal position, where regenerative procedures are necessary for this type of rehabilitation. Less invasive procedures such as conventional prosthesis emerge as a therapeutic option in cases where there is enough bone structure for implants and patient´s non-acceptance for invasive procedures. Thus, this paper aims to present the resolution of rehabilitation through a noninvasive and multidisciplinary treatment. One female patient referred to the clinic presented maladaptive bilateral mandibular fixed prostheses, endodontic lesions, gingival recession, and root sensitivity. For proper resolution of this case, an association among osseointegrated implants, fixed partial prosthesis, tooth extraction, and aesthetic periodontal procedures with the use of subepithelial connective tissue graft was proposed. After two years, the patient shows excellent aesthetics and chewing. Within the limits of this scenario, this paper discusses the various factors that may affect the choice of a particular treatment modality for the rehabilitation of edentulous single spaces.

Avaliação das alterações teciduais em diferentes modelos de indução de doença periodontal em camundongo / Evaluation of tissue changes in different models of induced periodontal disease in mice

A periodontite é uma doença infecciosa caracterizada pela destruição do tecido ósseo alveolar, mediada e modulada pelo hospedeiro frente aos microrganismos provenientes do biofilme dental. Compreender a origem e a evolução da reabsorção de osso alveolar é uma das metas primordiais da pesquisa periodontal, sobretudo visando o estabelecimento de novas modalidades terapêuticas. O desenvolvimento de modelos experimentais torna-se importante e é um passo necessário antes de ingressar em experimentações clínicas com novas terapias de tratamentos. Sendo assim, o presente estudo apresenta como objetivos caracterizar e avaliar as alterações teciduais provocadas por diferentes modelos de doença periodontal experimental em camundongos. Para isto, foram utilizados camundongos C57/BL6 wild type (WT), fêmeas distribuídas em 5 grupos experimentais seguindo os períodos de sacrifício: 7, 15 e 30 dias após o início da indução da doença (n=6 animais/período/grupo). O Grupo C correspondeu ao grupo controle; no Grupo L a doença periodontal foi induzida por meio de ligaduras; nos Grupos G-Pg e G-PgFn foram realizadas gavagem com Porphyromonas gingivalis e Porphyromonas gingivalis + Fusobacterium nucleatum respectivamente; no Grupo I-Pg foi injetado Porphyromonas gingivalis inativada por calor na mucosa palatina entre os molares. As amostras obtidas foram utilizadas para avaliação do processo imuno-inflamatório presente no tecido gengival, por meio de análise histológica descritiva, e RT-PCR em tempo real. A avaliação da perda óssea alveolar foi avaliada por microtomografia comutadorizada (µCT). Apenas os modelos de ligadura e de injeção de Porphyromonas gingivalis inativada por calor apresentaram significante perda óssea alveolar, no período de 30 dias, comparado ao grupo controle e os demais grupos. Houve aumento significante (p<0.05) na expressão gênica do mediador inflamatório IL-6 e na proteína RANKL envolvida no processo de osteoclastogenese no grupo ligadura em relação ao grupo controle. Os modelos de ligadura e de injeção de Porphyromonas gingivalis inativada por calor foram os mais representativos da doença periodontal em humanos, enquanto que os modelos de gavagem não foram efetivos em induzir doença, nas condições estudadas

Periodontitis is an infectious disease characterized by the destruction of alveolar bone tissue, mediated and modulated by the host response against the microorganisms from the biofilm. Understanding the origin and evolution of the alveolar bone resorption is one of the primary goals of periodontal research, especially to stop the disease progression and improve future treatments. For this, the development of experimental models is important and a necessary step before entering into clinical trials with new treatment therapies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize and evaluate tissue changes caused by different experimental models of periodontal disease in mice. We used C57/BL6 wild type mice (WT), females, distributed into 5 experimental groups and sacrificed at 7, 15 and 30 days after periodontal disease induction (n=6 animals/period/group). Group C was the control group; Group L periodontal disease was induced by ligature; in Groups G-Pg and G-PgFn oral gavage with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum + Porphyromonas gingivalis were performed, respectively; in Group I-Pg heat killed Porphyromonas gingivalis was injected in the palatal mucosa between the molars. The samples were used for analysis of the immune-inflammatory process in the gingival tissue by histological descriptive analysis and real time RT-PCR analyses. The alveolar bone loss was evaluated by micro-computerized tomography (µCT). Only ligature and injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis heat-killed models showed significant alveolar bone loss in 30 day period compared to the control and the others groups. There were a significant increase (p <0.05) in gene expression of inflammatory mediator IL-6 and proteins involved in osteoclastogenesis RANKL in ligature group compared with the control group. The ligature and injection of heat-killed Porphyromonas gingivalis models were the most representative of periodontal disease in humans, while oral gavage models were not effective to induce the disease, in the studied conditions

Viabilidade do uso da terapia celular para regeneração periodontal - revisão de literatura / Feasibility of using cell therapy for periodontal regeneration - Review of Literature

A periodontite leva a perda de inserção clínica do dente, promovendo alterações no periodonto de proteção e sustentação. A progressão da doença leva a perda de suporte ósseo podendo interferir na estética do paciente e na adequada função do dente. O tratamento periodontal permite melhoras nos parâmetros clínicos, promovendo a cura e controle da doença. Contudo, a regeneração dos tecidos perdidos dificilmente ocorre pelo método convencional de tratamento, e para tanto, a utilização de materiais de enxertia são necessários. Os enxertos estão indicados em situações clínicas distintas onde exista a presença de lesões infraósseas extensas ou de grau 11 de furca. Os defeitos periodontais mais prevalentes são os horizontais ou oblíquos e a sua regeneração é difícil de ser realizada. Desta maneira um enfoque vem sendo utilizado de maneira a inter-relacionar diferentes áreas com intuito de se obter resultados satisfatórios nestes tipos de defeito, utilizando a terapia celular. Esta terapia visa restabelecer a função de um órgão ou tecido, transplantando novas células para substituir outras destruídas por patologias ou defeitos genéticos. O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma revisão de literatura acerca do uso da terapia celular na regeneração periodontal, e verificar a viabilidade de sua aplicação clínica.

Periodontitis leads to a clinical attachment Joss of the tooth, promoting changes in the protective and sustention periodontal tissue. The disease progression results in boneloss and may interfere with the aesthetics of the patient and in the proper function of the tooth. Periodontal treatment improves clinical outcomes, promoting healing and disease control. However. tissue regeneration difficultly occurs by the conventional treatment method, and for this, the use of grafting materials are needed. The grafts are indicated in different clinical situations where there is the presence of extensive infra-bone lesions or class II furcation. The horizontal or oblique defect is the most prevalent periodontal defects and your regeneration is difficult to achieve. Thus, an approach has been used in order to inter-relate different areas with the aim to obtain satisfactory results in these types of defects, usingcell therapy. The cell therapy aims to restore the function of an organ or tissue, transplanting new cells to replace ones destroyed by diseases or genetic defects. The aim of this paper is to review the literature on the use of cell therapy in periodontal regeneration, and check the feasibility of clinical application.

Evidências da associação entre periodontite e câncer bucal / Evidences of the association between periodontitis and oral cancer

Introdução: a periodontite constitui um foco inflamatório crônico em resposta ao biofilme dental que pode estar envolvida no desenvolvimento de câncer bucal. Objetivo: o objetivo desta revisão narrativa da literatura foi compreender e verificar as evidências de associação entre periodontite e câncer bucal. Revisão da literatura: foram buscados artigos que avaliassem a relação entre periodontite - e seus fatores associados - e câncer bucal. Conclusão: frente à indisponibilidade de dados caracterizando casos reais de periodontite e as dificuldades metodológicas, concluiu-se que é fraco o nível de evidência científica relacionando a periodontite com o câncer bucal

Introduction: Periodontitis represents a chronic inflammatory site in response to oral biofilm which may be involved in oral cancer development. Objective: The objective of this narrative literature review was to comprehend and assess the evidences of association between periodontitis and oral cancer. Literature review: Articles which assessed the relationship between periodontitis -and its associated factors - and oral cancer were searched. Conclusion: Due to unavailable data representing real periodontitis cases and methodological difficulties, it was concluded that the level of evidence relating periodontitis with oral cancer is weak.

Combination of orthodontic movement and periodontal therapy for full root coverage in a miller class iii recession: a case report with 12 years of follow-up

One of the main purposes of mucogingival therapy is to obtain full root coverage. Several treatment modalities have been developed, but few techniques can provide complete root coverage in a class III Miller recession. Thus, the aim of this case report is to present a successful clinical case of a Miller class III gingival recession in which complete root coverage was obtained by means of a multidisciplinary approach. A 17-year-old Caucasian female was referred for treatment of a gingival recession on the mandibular left central incisor. The following procedures were planned for root coverage in this case: free gingival graft, orthodontic movement by means of alignment and leveling and coronally advanced flap (CAF). The case has been followed up for 12 years and the patient presents no recession, no abnormal probing depth and no bleeding on probing, with a wide attached gingiva band. A compromised tooth with poor prognosis, which would be indicated for extraction, can be treated by orthodontic movement and periodontal therapy, with possibility of 100% root coverage in some class III recessions.

Um dos principais objetivos da terapia mucogengival é atingir a cobertura completa da raiz. Diversas modalidades de tratamento têm sido desenvolvidas, mas poucas técnicas podem obter a cobertura total da raiz em uma recessão gengival classe III de Miller. Assim, o objetivo deste relato é apresentar um caso de sucesso clínico de uma recessão gengival classe III de Miller na qual foi obtida a cobertura completa da raiz por meio de uma abordagem multidisciplinar. Uma jovem de 17 anos sexo feminino, leucoderma, foi encaminhada para tratamento de uma recessão gengival no incisivo central inferior esquerdo. Para a cobertura radicular foi planejado: enxerto gengival livre, movimento ortodôntico por meio de alinhamento e nivelamento e retalho reposicionado coronariamente (CAF). Este caso tem sido acompanhado por 12 anos e o paciente apresenta ausência de recessão, sem profundidade de sondagem anormal e sem sangramento à sondagem com ampla faixa de gengiva inserida. Dentes comprometidos e com mau prognóstico, que seriam extraídos em muitos casos, podem ser tratados por meio de movimento ortodôntico e terapia periodontal. 100% de cobertura da raiz é possível e pode ser conseguida em alguns casos de recessão gengival classe III.

Effect of platelet-rich plasma on healing of class III furcation defects treated with autogenous bone grafting and guided tissue regeneration: a histomorphometric study in dogs / Efeito do plasma rico em plaquetas na reparação de lesões de furca classe III tratadas com enxerto ósseo autógeno e regeneração tecidual guiada: estudo histomorfométrico em cães

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar histologicamente os efeitos do plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP), quando usado em combinação com enxerto ósseo autógeno e membrana bioabsorvível (Resolut®) no tratamento de defeitos de furca Classe III em cães. Material e método: Cinco cães foram usados neste estudo. Defeitos de furca classe III (5 mm de altura e de profundidade) foram criados cirurgicamente no terceiro pré-molar inferior de ambos os lados. Nove semanas após a primeira cirurgia, os terceiros pré-molares foram tratados com raspagem e alisamento radicular e cada defeito recebeu um dos seguintes tratamentos: Enxerto ósseo autógeno + membrana (grupo C) ou PRP + enxerto ósseo autógeno + membrana (grupo T). Após um período de cicatrização de 90 dias, os animais foram sacrificados. Processamento histológico de rotina e coloração com hematoxilina e eosina e tricrômico de Masson foram realizados para determinar o efeito dos tratamentos na regeneração dos tecidos periodontais. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste T2 de Hotelling (p < 0,05). Resultado: A análise histomorfométrica da área de furca não mostrou nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos C e T. Os dois grupos de tratamento demonstraram resultados regenerativos semelhantes, com os defeitos de furca parcialmente preenchidos e a regeneração periodontal foi limitada à marca experimental apical das lesões. (p > 0,05). Conclusão: Dentro dos limites deste estudo, concluiu-se que o uso de PRP não melhorou a regeneração periodontal em defeitos de furca classe III tratados com enxerto ósseo autógeno e membrana bioabsorvível.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) when used in combination with autogenous bone graft and bioabsorbable membrane (Resolut®) in the treatment of Class III furcation defects in dogs. Material and method: Class III furcation defects (5 mm in height and in depth) were surgically created in the mandibular third premolars of five mongrel dogs. After nine weeks, the lesions were treated with scaling and root planning and each defect received one of the following treatments: autogenous bone graft + membrane (group C) or PRP + autogenous bone graft + membrane (group T). After a healing period of 90 days, the animals were sacrificed. Routine histological processing and staining with hematoxilyn and eosin and Masson trichrome were performed and a histomorphometric analysis determined the effect of the treatments on periodontal tissue regereneration. Data were analyzed by Hotelling's T-squared (p < 0.05). Result: No statistically significant difference between C and T groups was observed by the histomorphometric analysis of the furcation area. Both treatment groups demonstrated similar regenerative results with the furcation defects partially filled and periodontal regeneration limited to the experimental notches of the lesions. (p > 0.05). Conclusion: According to the present results, PRP does not enhance the periodontal regeneration in class III furcation defects treated with autogenous bone graft and bioabsorbable membrane.

Importância do tratamento estético periodontal na reabilitação protética / Importance of aesthetic periodontal treatment on prosthetic rehabilitation: a case report

A recessão gengival é uma deformidade comum que afeta um grande número de indivíduos e está frequentemente associada com comprometimento estético e com hipersensibilidade dentinária. Várias técnicas cirúrgicas têm sido propostas ao longo dos anos para lidar com este problema. Desde 1950, enxertos livres e enxertos gengivais pediculados têm sido bastante utilizados para o tratamento de recessão gengival. Contudo, com a classificação de Miller, proposta em 1985 e com o surgimento de outras técnicas utilizando enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial para recobrimento de raiz, os resultados se tornaram mais previsíveis, especialmente no que diz respeito a recessões Classe I e II, ou seja, na ausência de perda óssea interproximal. Este artigo relata a importância do tratamento estético periodontal na reabilitação protética de um paciente portador de recessão gengival Classe I de Miller com 3 mm de extensão vertical no canino superior direito. O plano de tratamento consistiu em recobrimento radicular utilizando enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial (SCTG) associado com deslocamento coronário do retalho e confecção de novas próteses.

Otimização da estética na região anterior da maxila com utilização de implantes osseointegrados / Optimizing esthetics in anterior maxilla using osseointegrated implants

Resultados estéticos de excelência na região anterior da maxila, utilizando-se implantes osseointegrados, são dependentes da execução de um planejamento correto das muitas fases da reabilitação, tais como: preparo pré-cirúrgico, fase cirúrgica e protética e acompanhamento a longo prazo. A substituição de um único dente anterior é um desafio para os cirurgiões, devido às demandas estéticas dos pacientes e à dificuldade da anatomia preexistente da região. O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir alguns aspectos que influenciam o resultado estético final da reabilitação, com ênfase nos procedimentos regenerativos e posicionamento ideal do implante, por meio da apresentação de um relato de caso. Com o protocolo apresentado, ótimo resultado estético foi alcançado, juntamente com a satisfação imediata do paciente...

Achieving esthetic excellence in anterior maxilla using dental implants is dependent upon proper planning of every rehabilitation steps. These include the preoperative preparation, the surgical and prosthetic phases, and long-term follow-up. The replacement of a single anterior tooth is a challenge for surgeons due to the esthetic demands of the patients and the difficulty of pre-existing anatomy of the region. The aim of this paper was to present a case report, discussing some aspects that influence the final esthetic result of the rehabilitation, with emphasis on regenerative procedures and optimal placement of the implant. The suggested protocol provided excellent esthetic results, and immediate patient satisfaction...