Analysis of genetic diversity and genetic structure of Qinchuan cattle conservation population using whole-genome resequencing.

In the conservation of livestock and poultry resources, population genetic diversity and genetic structure of the conservation population are important factors affecting the effectiveness of conservation. In this study, whole-genome resequencing technology was used to detect genomic variation in 100 Qinchuan cattle (30 bulls and 70 cows). By analyzing population genetic diversity, runs of homozygosity (ROH) distribution features, kinship relationships, and family structure, the conservation effectiveness of Qinchuan cattle was comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that a total of 20,968,017 high-quality SNPs were detected in 100 Qinchuan cattle, the average minimum allele frequency was 0.191±0.124, the average polymorphic information content was 0.279±0.131, and the average observed heterozygosity was 0.275±0.131, the average expected heterozygosity is 0.279±0.131, indicating that the genetic diversity of the Qinchuan cattle conservation population is relatively rich. The average identity by state (IBS) distance of the Qinchuan conservation population was 0.243±0.020, with a value of 0.242±0.021 for the bulls. The results of the kinship G-matrix were consistent with the results of the IBS distance matrix, both showing that some individuals in the conservation population had close kinship. A total of 8258 genomic ROH were detected in 100 Qinchuan cattle, with a total length of 9.64 GB. The average length of ROH fragments was 1.167±1.203 Mb, 69.35% of the ROH were short ROH with a length of 0.5~1 Mb, and the average total length of ROH per individual was 96.40 Mb. The average inbreeding coefficient based on ROH was 0.039±0.039, with a value of 0.044±0.035 for the bulls, indicating that some bulls had a certain degree of inbreeding accumulation. The results of the phylogenetic tree combined with kinship analysis showed that the individuals in the Qinchuan cattle conservation population could be divided into eight families, including seven families with bulls and one family without bulls. This study demonstrated that the genetic diversity of the Qinchuan conservation population is relatively rich, with no significant inbreeding accumulation, but there is a risk of inbreeding among some individuals. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen selection and mating to ensure the sustainable development of Qinchuan cattle resources.

Impact of 9-Minute Withdrawal Time on the Adenoma Detection Rate: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Although current quality indicators of colonoscopy recommend 6 minutes as the minimum standard for withdrawal time (WT), the impact of a WT longer than 6 minutes on neoplasia detection is unclear. METHODS: A multicenter randomized controlled trial involving 1027 patients was conducted from January 2018 to July 2019. Participants were randomly divided into a 9-minute (n = 514) and 6-minute (n = 513) WT group, and a timer was used to adjust the withdrawal speed. The primary outcome was the adenoma detection rate (ADR). RESULTS: Intention-to-treat analysis showed a significantly higher ADR in the 9-minute versus 6-minute WT group (36.6% vs. 27.1%, P = .001). Prolonging WT from 6 to 9 minutes significantly increased ADR of the proximal colon (21.4% vs. 11.9%, P < .001) as well as of the less experienced colonoscopists (36.8% vs. 23.5%, P = .001). Improvements were also observed in the polyp detection rate (58.0% vs. 47.8%, P < .001), and mean number of polyps and adenomas detected per colonoscopy (1.1 vs. 0.9, P = .002; 0.5 vs. 0.4, P = .008, respectively). The higher ADRs in 9-minute WT were also confirmed by the per-protocol (PP) analysis and subgroup analyses, with an increased rate of sessile serrated lesion detection in the 9-minute WT by PP analysis (4.0% vs. 1.3%, P = .04). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that the 9-minute WT was independently associated with increased ADR (P = .005). CONCLUSIONS: Prolonging WT from 6 to 9 minutes significantly improved ADR, especially in the proximal colon and for less experienced colonoscopists. A 9-minute WT benchmark should be considered as one of the quality indicators of colonoscopy. ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier, NCT03399045).

Synthesis of 1-benzylisoindoline and 1-benzyl-tetrahydroisoquinoline through nucleophilic addition of organozinc reagents to N,O-acetals.

A new approach to access 1-benzylisoindoline and 1-benzyl-tetrahydroisoquinoline has been developed through nucleophilic addition of organozinc reagents to N,O-acetals. A number of substituted organozinc reagents were amenable for this transformation, and the desired products were obtained with excellent yields. Moreover, Sc(OTf)3 proved to be an effective catalyst for the formation of 1-benzylisoindoline and 1-benzyl-tetrahydroisoquinoline using such nucleophilic addition.

Divergent synthesis of N-heterocyclic 1,6-enynes through a zinc-catalyzed decarboxylative A3 reaction.

A zinc-catalyzed decarboxylative A3 reaction of cyclic amino acids, α,ß-unsaturated aldehydes and terminal alkynes has been developed. A series of functionalized N-heterocyclic 1,6-enynes have been successfully obtained with excellent regioselectivities through this novel approach. In addition, the utility of this straightforward process is demonstrated by the preparation of a polycyclic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound.

Synthesis of 1,4- and 1,5-Amino Alcohols via Nucleophilic Addition of Semicyclic N,O-Acetal with Organozinc Reagents.

An efficient approach to access functionalized 1,4- and 1,5-amino alcohols has been developed through the nucleophilic addition of semicyclic N,O-acetal with organozinc reagents. A number of substituted benzyl zinc reagents (including nitrile and ester substituted) could react with semicyclic N,O-acetals 1 and 2, affording the desired products 3a-3p and 4a-4o in good to excellent yields.

Asymmetric synthesis of (-)-sedacryptine through a diastereoselective Mannich reaction of N,O-acetals with ketones.

An efficient diastereoselective approach to access the 3-hydroxy-2,6-disubstituted piperidine scaffold 1 has been developed through the Mannich process involving N,O-acetal (2S,3R)-6 and ketones in excellent yield with high diastereoselectivity (dr > 99 : 1). In addition, the utility of this convenient one-pot process is demonstrated by the asymmetric synthesis of (-)-sedacryptine 3.

Diagnostic evaluation of appendiceal orifice inflammation in ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the diagnostic significance of appendiceal orifice inflammation (AOI) in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively examined data from patients with colitis from May 2010 to January 2014 and assigned them to two groups: UC cases and specific colitis cases. First, we clarified the difference in the AOI+ rate between the two groups. Thereafter, imaging findings of all the patients with colitis were re-examined. Features of AOI alone or in combination with proctitis (referred to as "combination features") were considered as the two separate diagnostic criteria for diagnosing UC. By comparing the current diagnoses with the previous diagnoses, evaluation indexes were obtained. RESULTS: A total of 3582 colitis cases (UC cases: 427; specific colitis cases: 3155) were examined. The mean AOI+ rates in UC and specific colitis cases were 26.2% and 0.7%, respectively; a Chi-squared test indicated that the difference between these rates was statistically significant (x2=6.81; p<0.001, OR=50.99). When the AOI features alone were used to diagnose UC, the sensitivity was 26.2% [95% confidence interval (CI), 22.3%-30.6%], agreement rate was 90.6%, and specificity was 99.3% (95% CI, 98.9%-99.5%). When the combination features were used to diagnose UC, the sensitivity was 26.2% (95% CI, 22.3%-30.6%), agreement rate was 91.1%, and specificity was 99.9% (95% CI, 99.7%-100%). CONCLUSION: Combining AOI features and proctitis may lead to a more effective UC diagnosis and enable physicians to identify this condition more promptly among miscellaneous diseases.

A new ent-kaurane diterpenoid from Rabdosia pseudo-irrorata C. Y. Wu.

A new ent-kaurane diterpenoid, Pseurata H (1), was isolated from the aerial parts of Rabdosia pseudo-irrorata C. Y. Wu, along with three known compounds, Pseurata B (2), Pseurata C (3) and Pseurata F (4). Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic techniques (MS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR experiments).

[Synthesis and fluorescence properties of the complexes [(Tb(x)Y(1-x)) (HL)L'Cl x 1/2H2O]].

By replacing a part of terbium ions with yttrium ions using doping method, a series of dinuclear complexes of 1,3,5-benzene tricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) and phenanthroline (phen) with different molar ratios of Tb3+ to Y3+ were synthesized in the present paper. Their elemental analysis, rare earth complexometric titration, molar conductivity, IR spectra and UV spectra were studied, and the contents of terbium and yttrium of three doped complexes were measured by a plasma emission spectrophotometer. Their chemical formula is inferred to be (Tb(x)Y(1-x)) (HL)L'Cl x 1/2H2O (x = 0.10, 0.30, 0.50, 0.70, 0.90, L = BTC3-, L' = phen). The infrared spectra and ultraviolet spectra were determined, the results showed that the rare earth ions are bounded with the oxygen atoms of trimesic acid, and with the nitrogen atoms of phenanthroline. The fluorescence spectra of the complexes were determined at the room temperature (the exit and entrance slits are both 1.5 nm). The fluorescence intensity of terbium doped yttrium complexes is stronger than those of the terbium complex; it was showed that the fluorescence intensity of Tb3+ ion is greatly enhanced by Y3+ ion in the complexes. The fluorescence intensity of (Tb0.7 Y0.3)(HL)L'C1 x 1/2H2O complex is the strongest among the six complexes. The lowest excitation state energy level of Tb3+ ion and the triplet state energy level of the ligands (H3BTC and phen) match well each other, and the absorbing energy of the ligands is effectively transferred to Tb3+ ion.

Fluorescent property of the Gd3+-doped terbium complexes and crystal structure of [Tb(TPTZ)(H2O)6]Cl3.3H2O.

The complex of Tb(TPTZ)Cl(3).3H(2)O was synthesized by adding the ethyl alcohol solution of TbCl(3) (1 mmol) to the solution of 2,4,6-tris-(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine(TPTZ, 1 mmol) with constant stirring. The solution which had been filtered was kept at the room temperature for 4 weeks, and then a kind of transparent crystal was formed. Besides, nine kinds of solid complexes in the different molar proportion of terbium to gadolinium had been synthesized by adopting the similar method mentioned above. It was inferred from the elemental analysis and rare earth complexometry that the composition of these complexes is (Tb(x)Gd(y))(TPTZ)Cl(3).3H(2)O (x : y = 0.9 : 0.1, 0.8 : 0.2, 0.7 : 0.3, 0.6 : 0.4, 0.5 : 0.5, 0.4 : 0.6, 0.3 : 0.7, 0.2 : 0.8, 0.1 : 0.9). The absorption spectra and photoluminescence of the complexes were determined in dimethylsulfoxide (DMF), which showed that the excitation of the complexes is mostly ligand based. The triplet state energy level of TPTZ was measured, indicating that the lowest excitation state energy level of Tb(III) and the triplet state energy level of TPTZ match well each other. The fluorescent data indicated that the fluorescent emission intensity of Tb(3+) ions would be enhanced in the complexes after terbium was doped with Gd(3+) ion. When x : y was 0.5 : 0.5, the fluorescent emission intensity was the largest. The result obtained by testing the X-ray diffraction of the monocrystal revealed that the molecular formula of the mono-crystal complex is [Tb(TPTZ)(H(2)O)(6)]Cl(3).3H(2)O. The number of metal ion coordinates is nine, and the tridentate TPTZ and six water molecules are bonded with terbium respectively. Besides, it also revealed that the monocrystal belongs to the monoclinic system, and space group Cc with the following unit cell parameters is a = 1.4785 (3) nm, b = 1.0547 (2) nm, c = 1.7385 (4) nm, beta = 94.42 (3) degrees, V = 2.7028 (9) nm(3) and Z = 4.

[The clinical features and colonic epithelium AQP8 expression in diarrhea-irritable bowel syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To test the expression of AQP8 in ascending and descending colon mucosa of diarrhea-irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS) patients and to study the relationship between IBS and AQP8 as well as the pathological mechanism for D-IBS. METHODS: The proximal ascending colon and the distal descending colon of 26 D-IBS sufferers were resected. Total RNA was purified from each sample of mucosa and AQP8 mRNA expression was analyzed with fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR. Analysis was conducted with regard to five aspects of the sufferers, i.e. their sex, age at first incidence, duration of illness, frequency of defecation and characteristics of stool. Correlation analysis of the level of AQP8 mRNA expression in the ascending colon and descending colon was made, and relationship between the expression of AQP8 and the incidence and clinical features of D-IBS explored. RESULTS: AQP8 expression was present in specimens of the ascending colon and descending colon of both healthy persons and D-IBS sufferers. Sufferers of D-IBS showed a remarkably lower level of AQP8 expression than the normal controls (Mean 3.1 x 10(4) copies/microg RNA and 2.8 x 10(4) copies/microg RNA vs 8.2 x 10(4) copies/microg RNA and 3.8 x 10(4) copies/microg RNA). The level of AQP8 expression was not correlated with the age of the sufferers or age at first incidence, but was closely correlated with the duration of illness, frequency of defecation and characteristics of stool. The longer the illness lasted, the higher the frequency of defecation and the larger the amount of water was found in stool, the lower the level of AQP8 mRNA expression in colonic mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in AQP8 expression in sufferers of D-IBS indicates that colonic absorption function is disordered. As a result, absorption of water is reduced, thus loose stool and diarrhoea occur. There may be some correlation between the variation in AQP8 and the incidence of D-IBS.