Observation on the clinical efficacy of external ventricular drain combined with intraventricular urokinase injection and intravenous piracetam in the treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of external ventricular drain combined with intraventricular urokinase injection and intravenous piracetam in the treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was used in this study conducted at Baoding First Central Hospital, China from January 2017 to December 2019. Sixty patients with intraventricular hemorrhage were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the control group were treated with external ventricular drain, while patients in the experimental group were given intraventricular urokinase injection and intravenous piracetam on the basis of the control group. The incidence of adverse drug reactions, hospitalization time, hematoma elimination time, and drainage tube removal time in two groups were compared and analyzed including the cerebrospinal fluid protein content, changes in GCS score, neurological function recovery (ADL score), and Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) of the two groups after treatment. Results: The hematoma elimination time, drainage tube removal time and hospitalization time of the experimental group were shorter than those of the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). After treatment, compared with the control group, the protein content of cerebrospinal fluid in the experimental group decreased more significantly (P=0.00), the GCS score was higher (P=0.00), the overall good rate of neurological function was higher (P=0.04), while the rate of good prognosis was higher (P=0.03). Within one month of treatment, the incidence of surgical complications in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group (P=0.04). Conclusions: External ventricular drain combined with intraventricular urokinase injection and intravenous piracetam is an effective method for the treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles and Their Potential Applications to Treat Cancer.

Nanoparticle synthesis using microorganisms and plants by green synthesis technology is biologically safe, cost-effective, and environment-friendly. Plants and microorganisms have established the power to devour and accumulate inorganic metal ions from their neighboring niche. The biological entities are known to synthesize nanoparticles both extra and intracellularly. The capability of a living system to utilize its intrinsic organic chemistry processes in remodeling inorganic metal ions into nanoparticles has opened up an undiscovered area of biochemical analysis. Nanotechnology in conjunction with biology gives rise to an advanced area of nanobiotechnology that involves living entities of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic origin, such as algae, cyanobacteria, actinomycetes, bacteria, viruses, yeasts, fungi, and plants. Every biological system varies in its capabilities to supply metallic nanoparticles. However, not all biological organisms can produce nanoparticles due to their enzymatic activities and intrinsic metabolic processes. Therefore, biological entities or their extracts are used for the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles through bio-reduction of metallic particles leading to the synthesis of nanoparticles. These biosynthesized metallic nanoparticles have a range of unlimited pharmaceutical applications including delivery of drugs or genes, detection of pathogens or proteins, and tissue engineering. The effective delivery of drugs and tissue engineering through the use of nanotechnology exhibited vital contributions in translational research related to the pharmaceutical products and their applications. Collectively, this review covers the green synthesis of nanoparticles by using various biological systems as well as their applications.

Label propagation algorithm based on Roll-back detection and credibility assessment.

The traditional label propagation algorithm (LPA) iteratively propagates labels from a small number of labeled samples to many unlabeled ones based on the sample similarities. However, due to the randomness of label propagations, and LPA's weak ability to deal with uncertain points, the label error may be continuously expanded during the propagation process. In this paper, the algorithm label propagation based on roll-back detection and credibility assessment (LPRC) is proposed. A credit evaluation of the unlabeled samples is carried out before the selection of samples in each round of label propagation, which makes sure that the samples with more certainty can be labeled first. Furthermore, a roll-back detection mechanism is introduced in the iterative process to improve the label propagation accuracy. At last, our method is compared with 9 algorithms based on UCI datasets, and the results demonstrated that our method can achieve better classification performance, especially when the number of labeled samples is small. When the labeled samples only account for 1% of the total sample number of each synthetic dataset, the classification accuracy of LPRC improved by at least 26.31% in dataset circles, and more than 13.99%, 15.22% than most of the algorithms compared in dataset moons and varied, respectively. When the labeled samples account for 2% of the total sample number of each dataset in UCI datasets, the accuracy (take the average value of 50 experiments) of LPRC improved in an average value of 23.20% in dataset wine, 20.82% in dataset iris, 4.25% in dataset australian, and 6.75% in dataset breast. And the accuracy increases with the number of labeled samples.

[Glycinebetaine applied through roots protects the photosynthetic apparatus of tobacco seedlings under water stress].

Two tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivars (DHJ5210 and ZY100) with different drought tolerance were used to study the photosynthetic response to different water stress and the effects of glycinebetaine applied through roots on photosynthetic capacity. The physiological mechanisms of the improvement of tobacco photosynthesis by glycinebetaine applied through roots were analyzed. The results indicated that photosynthetic apparatus of tobacco leaves were more brittle and damaged by water stress, accompanied by negative changes of RWC (Fig. 2), chlorophyll content (Fig. 3), PSII photochemistry efficiency (Fig. 4), activity of Hill reaction (Fig. 5) and ATPase (Fig. 6), and the damage was more serious to ZY100 (drought sensitive cultivar) than DHJ5210 (drought resistant cultivar) under the same stress condition. Glycinebetaine applied through roots could be absorbed by tobacco roots and then accumulated in leaves (Fig. 1), which alleviated the decrease in photosynthetic variables of two cultivars and the improvement was more significant on ZY100 than DHJ5210. The positive function of glycinebetaine might be involved in its protective effect on antioxidant enzymes (Fig. 8), chloroplast protein and thylakoid membrane (Fig. 7).