Mango Peel Nanofiltration Concentrates to Enhance Anaerobic Digestion of Slurry from Piglets Fed with Laminaria.

The environmental impact of biowaste generated during animal production can be mitigated by applying a circular economy model: recycling, reinventing the life cycle of biowaste, and developing it for a new use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding sugar concentrate solutions obtained from the nanofiltration of fruit biowaste (mango peel) to slurry from piglets fed with diets incorporating macroalgae on biogas production performance. The nanofiltration of ultrafiltration permeates from aqueous extracts of mango peel was carried out using membranes with a molecular weight cut-off of 130 Da until a volume concentration factor of 2.0 was reached. A slurry resulting from piglets fed with an alternative diet with the incorporation of 10% Laminaria was used as a substrate. Three different trials were performed sequentially: (i) a control trial (AD0) with faeces resulting from a cereal and soybean-meal-based diet (S0); (ii) a trial with S1 (10% L. digitata) (AD1), and (iii) an AcoD trial to assess the effect of the addition of a co-substrate (20%) to S1 (80%). The trials were performed in a continuous-stirred tank reactor (CSTR) under mesophilic conditions (37.0 ± 0.4 °C), with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 13 days. The specific methane production (SMP) increased by 29% during the anaerobic co-digestion process. These results can support the design of alternative valorisation routes for these biowastes, contributing to sustainable development goals.

Direitos e políticas públicas: percepções de famílias de crianças com deficiência / Public rights and policies: perceptions of families of children with disabilities / Políticas y derechos públicos: percepciones de las familias de niños con discapacidad

Objetivo: Identificar o conhecimento das famílias de crianças com deficiência acerca dos direitos e políticas públicas voltadas para as pessoas com deficiência. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa, realizada em um Centro de Reabilitação no interior do Ceará, no período de julho a setembro de 2018 com 12 familiares de crianças com deficiência, por meio de uma entrevista semi-estruturada. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin, resultando em duas categorias: o conhecimento limitado e a busca de informações acerca dos direitos da criança e o conhecimento inadequado dos direitos da criança. Resultados: As percepções acerca dos direitos das crianças com deficiência, identificou-se conhecimento incipiente acerca dos direitos e políticas públicas voltadas para a criança com deficiência, tanto no que se refere como a acessibilidade, a inclusão social, a saúde, o trabalho, a educação, a isenção de tributos, o transporte, o BPC, entre outros. Conclusão: Faz-se necessário refletir sobre formas de acesso a esse conhecimento para que os direitos assegurados a essas crianças não sejam impedidos ou anulados, dificultando as suas liberdades fundamentais. (AU)

Objective: To identify the knowledge of families with children with disabilities about public rights and policies aimed at people with disabilities. Methods: This is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach, conducted at the Rehabilitation Center of Sobral-CE, from July to September 2018 with 12 family members of children with disabilities. For data analysis, Bardin's content analysis technique was used, resulting in two categories: limited knowledge and the search for information about the rights of the child and inadequate knowledge of the rights of the child. Results: Regarding the perceptions about the rights of children with disabilities, there was a fragility of information and lack of knowledge about rights and public policies aimed at children with disabilities. Conclusion: It is necessary to reflect on ways of accessing this knowledge so that the rights guaranteed to these children are not impeded or annulled, hindering their fundamental freedoms. (AU)

Objetivo: Identificar el conocimiento de las familias de niños con discapacidad sobre los derechos públicos y las políticas dirigidas a las personas con discapacidad. Métodos: Esta es una investigación descriptiva con un enfoque cualitativo, realizada en el Centro de Rehabilitación de Sobral-CE, de julio a septiembre de 2018 con 12 familiares de niños con discapacidades. Para el análisis de datos, se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido de Bardin, que dio como resultado dos categorías: conocimiento limitado y la búsqueda de información sobre los derechos del niño y el conocimiento inadecuado de los derechos del niño. Resultados: En cuanto a las percepciones sobre los derechos de los niños con discapacidad, hubo una fragilidad de la información y falta de conocimiento sobre los derechos y las políticas públicas dirigidas a los niños con discapacidad. Conclusión: Es necesario reflexionar sobre las formas de acceder a este conocimiento para que los derechos garantizados a estos niños no se vean obstaculizados o anulados, lo que obstaculiza sus libertades fundamentales. (AU)

Direitos e políticas públicas: percepções de famílias de crianças com deficiência / Public rights and policies: perceptions of families of children with disabilities / Políticas y derechos públicos: percepciones de las familias de niños con discapacidad

Objetivo: Identificar o conhecimento das famílias de crianças com deficiência acerca dos direitos e políticas públicas voltadas para as pessoas com deficiência. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa, realizada em um Centro de Reabilitação no interior do Ceará, no período de julho a setembro de 2018 com 12 familiares de crianças com deficiência, por meio de uma entrevista semi-estruturada. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin, resultando em duas categorias: o conhecimento limitado e a busca de informações acerca dos direitos da criança e o conhecimento inadequado dos direitos da criança. Resultados: As percepções acerca dos direitos das crianças com deficiência, identificou-se conhecimento incipiente acerca dos direitos e políticas públicas voltadas para a criança com deficiência, tanto no que se refere como a acessibilidade, a inclusão social, a saúde, o trabalho, a educação, a isenção de tributos, o transporte, o BPC, entre outros. Conclusão: Faz-se necessário refletir sobre formas de acesso a esse conhecimento para que os direitos assegurados a essas crianças não sejam impedidos ou anulados, dificultando as suas liberdades fundamentais. (AU)

Objective: To identify the knowledge of families with children with disabilities about public rights and policies aimed at people with disabilities. Methods: This is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach, conducted at the Rehabilitation Center of Sobral-CE, from July to September 2018 with 12 family members of children with disabilities. For data analysis, Bardin's content analysis technique was used, resulting in two categories: limited knowledge and the search for information about the rights of the child and inadequate knowledge of the rights of the child. Results: Regarding the perceptions about the rights of children with disabilities, there was a fragility of information and lack of knowledge about rights and public policies aimed at children with disabilities. Conclusion: It is necessary to reflect on ways of accessing this knowledge so that the rights guaranteed to these children are not impeded or annulled, hindering their fundamental freedoms. (AU)

Objetivo: Identificar el conocimiento de las familias de niños con discapacidad sobre los derechos públicos y las políticas dirigidas a las personas con discapacidad. Métodos: Esta es una investigación descriptiva con un enfoque cualitativo, realizada en el Centro de Rehabilitación de Sobral-CE, de julio a septiembre de 2018 con 12 familiares de niños con discapacidades. Para el análisis de datos, se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido de Bardin, que dio como resultado dos categorías: conocimiento limitado y la búsqueda de información sobre los derechos del niño y el conocimiento inadecuado de los derechos del niño. Resultados: En cuanto a las percepciones sobre los derechos de los niños con discapacidad, hubo una fragilidad de la información y falta de conocimiento sobre los derechos y las políticas públicas dirigidas a los niños con discapacidad. Conclusión: Es necesario reflexionar sobre las formas de acceder a este conocimiento para que los derechos garantizados a estos niños no se vean obstaculizados o anulados, lo que obstaculiza sus libertades fundamentales. (AU)

Membrane Technology for Valorization of Mango Peel Extracts.

Mango peel is rich in nutritional and functional compounds, such as carbohydrates, dietary fibers, proteins, and phenolic compounds, with high potential to be applied in the food industry. Most of the investigation about recovery of bioactive compounds from fruit bioproducts involves extraction techniques and further separation of target compounds. There is still a lack of information about the potential of membrane processes to recover the nutritive/functional compounds present in aqueous extracts of those bioproducts. This research is addressed to study the performance of ultrafiltration (UF), followed by nanofiltration (NF) of UF permeates, to fractionate the compounds present in aqueous extracts of mango peel. Both UF and NF concentration processes were carried up to a volume concentration factor of 2.0. Membranes with molecular weight cut-offs of 25 kDa and 130 Da were used in the UF and NF steps, respectively. UF and NF concentrates showed antioxidant activity, attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds, with rejections of about 75% and 98.8%, respectively. UF membranes totally rejected the higher molecular weight compounds, and NF membranes almost totally concentrated the fermentable monosaccharides and disaccharides. Therefore, it is envisaged that NF concentrates can be utilized by the food industry or for bioenergy production.

Integration of Membrane Processes for By-Product Valorization to Improve the Eco-Efficiency of Small/Medium Size Cheese Dairy Plants.

Goat and second cheese whey from sheep's milk are by-products of the manufacture of goat cheeses and whey cheeses from sheep. Due to their composition which, apart from water-about 92%-includes lactose, proteins, fat, and minerals, and the elevated volumes generated, these by-products constitute one of the main problems facing to cheese producers. Aiming to add value to those by-products, this study evaluates the efficiency of ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF) for the recovery of protein fraction, the most valuable component. For a daily production of 3500 and using the experimental results obtained in the UF/DF tests, a membrane installation was designed for valorization of protein fraction, which currently have no commercial value. A Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) and Sensitivity Analysis (SA) were performed to evaluate the profitability of installing that membrane unit to produce three new innovative products from the liquid whey protein concentrates (LWPC), namely food gels, protein concentrates in powder and whey cheeses with probiotics. It was possible to obtain LWPC of around 80% and 64% of crude protein, from second sheep cheese whey and goat cheese whey, respectively. From a survey of commercial values for the intended applications, the results of CBA and SA show that this system is economically viable in small/medium sized cheese dairies.

Valorization of Goat Cheese Whey through an Integrated Process of Ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration.

Goat cheese whey is a co-product that comes from goat cheese manufacture. Due to its high organic load, adequate treatment is necessary before its disposal. Additionally, the recent growing interest in caprine products, attributed to their specific nutritional and nutraceutical characteristics, such as the lower allergenicity of their proteins and higher content of oligosaccharides, compared with bovine products, made the recovery of goat cheese whey a challenge. In this study, an integrated process for the recovery of sweet goat whey components was carried out. It includes filtration, centrifugation and pasteurization, followed by sequential membrane processes, ultrafiltration/dilution, nanofiltration of ultrafiltration permeates in dilution mode and the concentration/dilution of nanofiltration retentates. Ultrafiltration was performed with membranes of 10 and 1 kDa. Membranes of 10 kDa have higher permeate fluxes and, in a single stage of dilution, allowed for better protein retention and higher lactose purity, with a separation factor of 14. The concentration of lactose by nanofiltration/dilution led to the retention of almost all the lactose in retentates and to a final permeate, whose application in cheese dairy plants will allow for the total recovery of whey. The application of this integrated process in small- or medium-sized goat cheese dairies can represent an important contribution to their sustainability.

A Contribution for the Valorisation of Sheep and Goat Cheese Whey through Nanofiltration.

The amount of cheese whey generated from the production of speciality sheep and goat cheese is significantly growing due to the acclaimed nutritional and medicinal benefits of the milk from these species. However, most of the cheese whey generated has no applications, thus giving rise to environmental problems. This work focuses on the study of the performance of the nanofiltration process for recovering the permeates of ultrafiltration from sheep and goat cheese whey. Nanofiltration experiments were carried out with membranes of nanofiltration (NF) in total recirculation and concentration modes, at 25 °C. Nanofiltration of the ultrafiltration permeates from sheep cheese whey was done at a pressure of 3.0 × 106 Pa and a circulation velocity of 1.42 m·s-1, until a volume concentration factor (VCF) of 2.5. Nanofiltration of the permeates from ultrafiltration of goat cheese whey was performed at a pressure of 2.0 × 106 Pa and a circulation velocity of 0.94 m·s-1, until a VCF of 2.0. From the results, it was concluded that osmotic pressure was the most important factor affecting the performance of the process. In both cases, the final permeates had a much lower organic load and its future use in the process of cheese making should be evaluated.

Avaliação da depressão em pacientes com lesão medular / Evaluation of depression in patients with spinal cord injury

Estudos contradizem a crença de que toda pessoa com lesão medular sofre de depressão. Para dimensionar o problema e subsidiar intervenções clínicas em contextos de reabilitação, investigouse o nível de depressão por meio do "Inventário Beck de Depressão" em 125 pacientes lesados medulares internados em hospitais de reabilitação; com idade entre 17 e 63 anos. Destes, 36,8 por cento apresentaram depressão moderada a grave e 35,2 por cento, leve a moderada. Não houve diferenças significativas quanto ao nível de depressão, tempo e tipo de lesão. Além da depressão, constataramse diversas reações emocionais em diferentes pacientes com sequelas semelhantes. Sugere-se investigar a co-morbidade da depressão com outras doenças e desenvolver instrumentos de avaliação que retirem itens com baixo poder discriminativo entre depressão e lesão medular do inventário Beck.(AU)

Studies contradict the belief that everyone that has spinal cord injury (SCI) suffers from depression. This study aims to investigate the level of depression in patients with SCI using the Beck Inventory of Depression with the aim of assessing the scale of the problem and providing clinical intervention in the context of rehabilitation. The inventory was applied to 125 SCI inpatients, between 17 and 63 yearsold, being treated in a rehabilitation hospital. Of these, 36.8 percent suffered moderate to severe depression and 35.2 percent experienced mild to moderate depression. There was no significant difference in terms of the level of depression, the type of lesion and the duration. In addition to depression, a variety of emotional reactions were observed in different patients with similar sequelae. Research should be conducted to investigate the comorbidity of depression with other illnesses and develop instruments to evaluate depression that eliminate items with low discriminative ability between depression and SCI in the Beck inventory.(AU)

Avaliação da depressão em pacientes com lesão medular / Evaluation of depression in patients with spinal cord injury

Estudos contradizem a crença de que toda pessoa com lesão medular sofre de depressão. Para dimensionar o problema e subsidiar intervenções clínicas em contextos de reabilitação, investigouse o nível de depressão por meio do "Inventário Beck de Depressão" em 125 pacientes lesados medulares internados em hospitais de reabilitação; com idade entre 17 e 63 anos. Destes, 36,8 por cento apresentaram depressão moderada a grave e 35,2 por cento, leve a moderada. Não houve diferenças significativas quanto ao nível de depressão, tempo e tipo de lesão. Além da depressão, constataramse diversas reações emocionais em diferentes pacientes com sequelas semelhantes. Sugere-se investigar a co-morbidade da depressão com outras doenças e desenvolver instrumentos de avaliação que retirem itens com baixo poder discriminativo entre depressão e lesão medular do inventário Beck.

Studies contradict the belief that everyone that has spinal cord injury (SCI) suffers from depression. This study aims to investigate the level of depression in patients with SCI using the Beck Inventory of Depression with the aim of assessing the scale of the problem and providing clinical intervention in the context of rehabilitation. The inventory was applied to 125 SCI inpatients, between 17 and 63 yearsold, being treated in a rehabilitation hospital. Of these, 36.8 percent suffered moderate to severe depression and 35.2 percent experienced mild to moderate depression. There was no significant difference in terms of the level of depression, the type of lesion and the duration. In addition to depression, a variety of emotional reactions were observed in different patients with similar sequelae. Research should be conducted to investigate the comorbidity of depression with other illnesses and develop instruments to evaluate depression that eliminate items with low discriminative ability between depression and SCI in the Beck inventory.