RESUMEN
It is a well-established fact that forensic anthropology has been extremely helpful in identifying thermally altered human remains, especially in recent years. With the improvement of new analytical techniques, the identification success rate has also been increased. With the help of statistical analysis, combined with analytical anthropological methods, the Forensic Anthropology Service of the Afranio Peixoto Medico-Legal Institute succeeded in identifying a charred body, with a margin of error of approximately 1:500 million to be obtained.
RESUMEN
The hip bone (os coxae) is the skeletal element that presents the greatest level of sexual dimorphism. Therefore, methods involving the analysis of the os coxae provide the most accurate sex estimation, and DSP2 (Diagnose Sexuelle Probabiliste v.2) is one of the most accurate tools used in this identification. The goal of this study is to apply and validate DSP2 in the identification of 103 os coxae (53 male and 50 female) belonging to a Brazilian-identified skeletal collection. Differences between sexes were statistically significant for all measurements, except for the acetabulo-symphyseal and spino-auricular lengths. From the 103 os coxae analyzed, there was a 9.43% error in male individuals and a 14% error in females. The results revealed that DSP2 can be applied to Brazilian-mixed populations with a good index of accuracy, although at a lower accuracy than other population samples. This study also clearly demonstrates that metric variation of the os coxae is extremely useful in sex estimation and reinforces the notion that pelvic sexual dimorphism is not population-specific.
Asunto(s)
Modelos Estadísticos , Huesos Pélvicos/anatomía & histología , Determinación del Sexo por el Esqueleto/métodos , Programas Informáticos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil , Femenino , Antropología Forense , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Wormian bones (WB) are irregular small cranial ossicles found along suture lines and fontanels. In Brazil, gunshot wounds to the skull are quite common in young individuals. Nevertheless, as far as we know, this is the first report of a WB giving an erroneous aspect of gunshot entrance due to its displacement position. The present manuscript describes the case of a Brazilian young man who died due to ballistic trauma, where a gaping bony defect on the right side of the skull was thought to be the exit wound of an injury related to the destruction found on the left side, highly suggestive of firearm injury. Thus, this case study has brought to light similarities between a traumatic lesion and an orifice of a WB, with emphasis on differential diagnosis during routine anthropological examinations.
RESUMEN
O conhecimento dos estágios de maturação esquelética tem grande relevância na estimativa de idade, nas perícias ante-mortem e post-mortem. Objetivo: nesse sentido, objetiva-se, neste artigo, verificar a viabilidade da determinação da idade óssea pelas vértebras cervicais, enfocando seu uso pelo odontolegista na atividade pericial. Metodologia: foram analisadas cinquenta telerradiografias obtidas em norma lateral de indivíduos em ambos os sexos. As vértebras foram analisadas com base no método Hassel e Farma modificado, no qual foram analisadas as bordas inferiores da C2, C3 e C4, e os corpos vertebrais da C3 e C4, atribuindo-se um entre seis estágios de maturação (1-inicialização, 2-aceleração, 3-transição, 4-desaceleração, 5-maturação e 6-finalização). Os resultados obtidos para cada vértebra foram tabulados e a partir da média obteve-se um único estágio de maturação. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de correlação de Pearson e ao teste de regressão linear para a obtenção da reta. Resultados: há uma forte correlação entre a idade padrão e a idade óssea obtida pelas vértebras cervicais, obtendo-se r = 0,8534. Conclusão: as alterações observadas em imagens radiográficas de vértebras humanas cervicais utilizadas se mostraram úteis para auxiliar na estimativa de idade, contribuindo com odontolegista na atividade pericial quando frente a casos de identificação.