Eribulin in metastatic breast cancer: Real world data.

BACKGROUND: Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is incurable. Systemic therapy is the standard treatment; however, an optimal sequence of chemotherapy has not been established. OBJECTIVE: Evaluating effectiveness and safety of eribulin in MBC treatment and comparing the results obtained with published literature. METHODS: Observational, descriptive and retrospective study of patients with MBC treated with eribulin from 01/12/2015 to 30/10/2021. Effectiveness was analysed using Kaplan-Meier-survival-curves, for the overall number of patients treated and stratified by treatment line. Safety was measured according to adverse events (AE) based on CTCAE v5.0. Data analysis was performed using R v4.0.1. RESULTS: They were included in this study 53 women who received eribulin (median age 58 years). Comparison of median survival from this study versus published data were: progression-free-survival (PFS) 3 (IC95%: 3-4) versus 3.7 months and overall-survival (OS) 8 (IC95%: 3-4) versus 13.2 months for the overall number of patients. For the 1-3 line treatment group, PFS was 6 (IC95%: 3-NA) and OS was 15 (IC95%: 6-NA). There were 322 AEs, the most frequent being blood disorders 16% (52), general disorders 12% (38), and gastrointestinal disorders 12% (38). CONCLUSIONS: The median PFS was similar to that reported previously, with lower OS. There was a tendency to achieve better results when eribulin was used earlier. Eribulin is a less well-tolerated drug than published literature.

Dose reduction and toxicity of lenalidomide-dexamethasone in multiple myeloma: A machine-learning prediction model.

PURPOSE: Lenalidomide remains an effective drug for multiple myeloma, but it is often associated with adverse events and requires dose adjustments. The objective of this study was to propose a model for predicting whether a patient would require dose adjustment. METHODS: This retrospective observational study included patients treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone from June 2014 to September 2018 at a tertiary hospital. Demographic variables, patient functional status, disease, analytical data specific to myeloma, and treatment-related variables were collected. Univariate and machine learning (logistic regression and classification and regression trees model) analyses were also performed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine the time of toxicity onset. Only lenalidomide (and not dexamethasone) related dose reductions are included. RESULTS: A total of 64 patients received lenalidomide-dexamethasone. 69% (44) required dose reduction or discontinuation of treatment due to lenalidomide-related adverse events. The median time between treatment beginning and lenalidomide dose reduction or discontinuation was 8.0 months (95% CI: 6.0-17.0). Age, platelet count, and neutrophil count were related to dose reduction in the univariate model. In the multivariate models, age and neutrophil count were significant in the logistic regression model, renal clearance, and neutrophil count in the classification and regression trees model. CONCLUSION: Elderly patients and those with low bone marrow reserves are prone to dose-limiting adverse events. This study can aid in making follow-up, prophylaxis, and dosing decisions to achieve better pharmacotherapeutic results.

The AGAMENON-SEOM model for prediction of survival in patients with advanced HER2-positive oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma receiving first-line trastuzumab-based therapy.

Background: Trastuzumab and chemotherapy is the standard first-line treatment in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive advanced gastro-oesophageal cancer. The objective was to develop a predictive model for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients treated with trastuzumab. Methods: Patients with HER2-positive advanced gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma (AGA) from the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM)-AGAMENON registry and treated first line with trastuzumab and chemotherapy between 2008 and 2021 were included. The model was externally validated in an independent series (The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK). Results: In all, 737 patients were recruited (AGAMENON-SEOM, n = 654; Manchester, n = 83). Median PFS and OS in the training cohort were 7.76 [95% confidence interval (CI), 7.13-8.25] and 14.0 months (95% CI, 13.0-14.9), respectively. Six covariates were significantly associated with OS: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, Lauren subtype, HER2 expression, histological grade and tumour burden. The AGAMENON-HER2 model demonstrated adequate calibration and fair discriminatory ability with a c-index for corrected PFS/OS of 0.606 (95% CI, 0.578-0.636) and 0.623 (95% CI, 0.594-0.655), respectively. In the validation cohort, the model is well calibrated, with a c-index of 0.650 and 0.683 for PFS and OS, respectively. Conclusion: The AGAMENON-HER2 prognostic tool stratifies HER2-positive AGA patients receiving trastuzumab and chemotherapy according to their estimated survival endpoints.

Real-world Data Study of the Efficacy and Toxicity of Nivolumab vs. Cetuximab and Predictors of Response to Nivolumab in Recurrent/Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck in a European Population.

BACKGROUND/AIM: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of nivolumab versus cetuximab in patients with Recurrent/Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (R/M HNSCC), as well as to analyze possible prognostic factors for response to treatment with nivolumab. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted an observational, retrospective, descriptive study of patients with R/M HNSCC who initiated treatment with nivolumab or cetuximab monotherapy in two periods of equivalent duration. Overall efficacy was measured in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Safety was evaluated using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events classification version 5.0 of the National Cancer Institute. RESULTS: Median OS was 9.1 months with nivolumab (n=34) and 6.3 months with cetuximab (n=12). PFS was 4.3 months for nivolumab and 4.65 months for cetuximab. Any grade adverse events (AEs) were reported in 97% and 100% of the patients treated with nivolumab and cetuximab. Serious AEs were observed in 26% and 58% of the patients, respectively. Elevated albumin values, lymphocytosis, neutropenia, and elevated neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio values were found to have positive prognostic value on the response to nivolumab in R/M HNSCC. CONCLUSION: Effectiveness of nivolumab in terms of OS remains superior to cetuximab. OS, PFS and severe or any grade AEs were superior in both arms of our study compared to those in clinical trials. The AEs profile of nivolumab differed in our study from that in the clinical trials' observations. We have identified four statistically significant prognostic variables on the response to nivolumab in R/M HNSCC.

Does HER2 status influence in the benefit of ramucirumab and paclitaxel as second line treatment of advanced gastro-esophageal adenocarcinoma? Data from the AGAMENON-SEOM registry.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare ramucirumab-paclitaxel versus chemotherapy in second-line (2L) advanced gastroesophageal cancer (aGEC) based on HER2 status and analyze prognostic factors. METHODS: The study includes patients from the AGAMENON-SEOM registry with aGEC and known HER2 status who received 2L between 2016 and 2021. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) and multivariable Cox regression analysis was done to adjust for confounding variables. RESULTS: Of the 552 patients who met the selection criteria, 149 (26.9%) had HER2-positive aGEC, 89 were treated with chemotherapy, and 60 with ramucirumab-paclitaxel, and 403 had an HER2-negative aGEC, 259 were treated with chemotherapy, and 144 with ramucirumab-paclitaxel. In the whole sample, 2L PFS was 3.0 months (95% CI 2.8-3.2), 2L OS, 5.7 months (5.2-6.3), and ramucirumab-paclitaxel versus chemotherapy was associated with increased PFS (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.53-0.78, p < 0.0001) and OS (HR 0.68, 0.55-0.83, p = 0.0002). Median PFS of ramucirumab- paclitaxel versus chemotherapy was 3.5 vs 2.8 months (HR 0.67, 0.54-0.83, p = 0.0004) in HER2-negative, and 4.7 vs 2.7 months (HR 0.57, 0.40-0.82, p = 0.0031) in HER2-positive aGEC, respectively. Median OS for ramucirumab-paclitaxel versus chemotherapy was 6.6 vs 5 months (HR 0.67, 0.53-0.85, p = 0.0007) in HER2-negative, and 7.4 vs 5.6 months (HR 0.70, 0.53-1.04, p = 0.083) in HER2-positive aGEC, respectively. ECOG-PS, tumor burden, Lauren subtype, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio were prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with an aGEC from the AGAMENON-SEOM registry, 2L treatment with ramucirumab-paclitaxel was superior to chemotherapy in PFS, OS and response rate, independent of HER2 status.