[Biological value of fruits and berries of Russian production].

Fruits and berries are the most important sources of a wide range of biologically active substances, including vitamin C, carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins. In order to replenish and update data on the content of food and biologically active substances in the tables of the chemical composition of food products, a study of the content of mono- and disaccharides, dietary fiber was carried out; vitamins C, B1, B2 and E, minerals and trace elements; flavonoids (in terms of rutin), anthocyanins; organic and hydroxycinnamic acids, stilbenoids in various varieties of 16 fruit and berry crops. Material and methods. The material for the study was the fruits of promising varieties and selected forms of pome fruit (apple, pear), stone fruit (cherry, plum, apricot), berry (garden strawberry, raspberry, black currant, red currant, gooseberry), non-traditional crops (actinidia, honeysuckle, cornelian cherry, viburnum, sea buckthorn, rosehip) - a total of 208 samples grown at the I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center. The B vitamins were determined by the fluorometric method, and vitamin E, organic and hydroxycinnamic acids, carbohydrates, and stilbenoids were determined by HPLC. The amount of anthocyanin pigments was determined by pH differential spectrophotometry, dietary fiber - by enzymatic-gravimetric method, flavonoids - spectrophotometrically. Results and discussion. The main carbohydrate of apricot is sucrose, black currants, cherries, raspberries and honeysuckle contain mainly fructose and glucose. Raspberries and currants are high in fiber. Comparison of the obtained data on the content of vitamins B1, B2, E, flavonoids and anthocyanins in the studied population of varieties in comparison with the published data of tables of the chemical composition of food products in the USA and Russia was carried out. By the content of vitamin C in descending order, the fruits are arranged in a row: black currant > sea buckthorn > honeysuckle > strawberry > red currant > viburnum > gooseberry > raspberry > apple. Berries, making a significant contribution to providing the body with vitamin C, are not an essential source of vitamins B and E. The inclusion of 100 g of fresh fruit in the diet provides about 10% of the recommended dietary intake for potassium (apricot, gooseberry, cherry and black currant), magnesium (apple, cherry, strawberry) and dietary fiber. Honeysuckle and black currant are high in anthocyanins; consumption of 100 g of these berries will ensure adequate intake of these micronutrients. Some varieties of strawberries, apples and pears are rich in hydroxycinnamic acids. The data obtained can be used to refine the indicators in the existing tables of the chemical composition of food products. Conclusion. The obtained data on the composition of fruit and berry products will make it possible to more correctly calculate the nutritional value of rations using questionnaire-survey methods. Combined analysis of the composition of biologically active substances in berries and fruits makes it possible to more reasonably make the choice of a particular product in the dietary correction of the ration of healthy and sick people.

[Nutrient value of fruit in promising strawberry varieties].

One of the current areas in research of fruit and berry crops is the study of their nutritional value and micronutrient composition. Valuable chemical composition of the strawberry determines a wide spectrum of its utilization not only as fresh fruit, but also as a raw material for food industry. Breeding requirements for contemporary strawberry varieties together with yield, large-fruit, important taste and dietary qualities of fruit provide for higher content of biologic active substances. The aim of the research was an integrated assessment of strawberry fruit for content of nutrients and bioactive compounds, as well as mineral elements, and its antioxidant activity. Material and methods. The objects of investigation were berries of 5 strawberry varieties bred in the I.V. Michurin Scientific Centre (Lakomaya, Prazdnichnaya, Privlekatelnaya, Urozhaynaya CGL, Feyerverk) and 9 foreign varieties (Vima Zanta, Dukat, Zefir, Kama, Maryshka, Red Gauntlet, Festivalnaya romashka, Honey, Elsanta) which are promising for cultivation in the Black Soil Region of Russia. The content of soluble solids was determined by the refractometric method, sugars - by Bertrand's method, pectins - by the volumetric method, anthocyanins - by pH-differential spectrophotometry. Total content of antioxidants was defined by amperometric method with recalculation per quercetin. Determination of vitamin B1 was carried out using the fluorometric thiochrome method, vitamin B2 - by fluorometric titration with riboflavin-binding apoprotein after acid-enzymatic hydrolysis, ascorbic acid, vitamin E (tocopherols), niacin, organic and hydroxycinnamic acids - by HPLC, flavonols - spectrophotometrically, minerals and trace elements - by atomic absorption method. Results and discussion. A significant variation in the chemical composition indices depending on the varietal characteristics was found. Strawberry fruit accumulated 8.5-12.0% soluble solids, 5.9-8.7% sugars, 1.5-2.1% of fibre, 0.78-1.12% pectin substances, 0.89-1.45% organic acid; 100 g contain 33.5-48.2 mg vitamin C, 18.3-108.5 mg anthocyanins, 0.024-0.041 mg vitamin B1, 0.012-0.029 mg vitamin B2, 0.10-0.26 mg niacin, 0.26-0.60 mg TE vitamin E, 102-270 mg potassium, 0.15-0.95 mg iron; total antioxidant activity ranged within 180.8-350.0 mg/100 g. High level of anthocyan accumulation (over 80.0 mg/100 g) was observed in Privlekatelnaya, Lakomaya and Feyerverk strawberry varieties. Urozhaynaya CGL, Privlekatelnaya and Lakomaya varieties were characterized by dessert taste. According to the results of the studies Privlekatelnaya variety stood out because of the high complex accumulation of vitamin C, anthocyanins, and high total antioxidant activity. These varieties are recommended for both fresh use and for freezing, as well as for production of functional foods. Conclusion. The obtained data are of interest for further inclusion in the Tables of the chemical composition of Russian food products.

E.L.I.S. (eburnamenine-like indole structures), extracted from medicinal plants, as performance catalysts in sports.

The main goal of this study is to describe the scientific basis of the beneficial effects of E.L.I.S. using, intended to improve motor coordination and muscular memory, optimizing the neuronal circuits throughout the entire body, involved in learning and doing sports. These effects, combined with the synergic action presented by these extracts (E.L.I.S.) when administered together with compounds of xanthine structure, also lead to improved blood circulation and glucose consumption optimizing the cellular metabolism, the production of neurotransmitters and the cognitive capacity and, therefore, the cerebral activity is reinforced in general both in the short term and the long-term after administering them orally. 285 references of scientific literature relating to the E.L.I.S. are submitted on the basis of requests from olympics2014@memorysecret.net and olympics.sochi@ memorysecret.net.

[Production of low-caloric stewed fruits with the use of natural sweeteners].

Specifications, operation conditions and formulas of preparation of natural dietetic stewed fruits were developed. The best large- and small fruit cultivars with maximum displaying of biochemical indexes were recommended for development of specimens; in addition to it flexible regimes of heating were used.

[Omentovesicopexy with transposition of the bladder into the abdominal cavity in the treatment of neurogenic bladder]. / Omentovezikopeksiia s peremeshcheniem mochevogo puzyria v briushnuiu polost' pri lechenii neirogennogo mochevogo puzyria.

For the treatment of neurogenic dysfunctions of the urinary bladder resulting in residual urine and therefore the lack of adequate urination, the authors proposed the performance of omentovesicopexy due to which the damaged function could be partially compensated by intraperitoneal pressure. The greater omentum should be used for reinnervation and revascularization of the urinary bladder as it meets the requirements for the donor organ enabling the formation of competent indirect innervation due to its adequate mobility and size and the formation of the abdominal enclosure of the bladder when ascending to the abdominal cavity. Being a double layer of the peritoneum the greater omentum avoids transformation into the connective tissue thus contributing to "functional anastomosis" for a long time. The technique developed was successfully used in 12 surgeries for the patients with residual urine. The postoperative period was featured by the manifest equivalent of micturition urge, disappearance or a significant decrease in the amount of residual urine, restoration of spontaneous and controlled urination. The omentovesicopexy is a simple, efficient and available technique for usage by a wide range of urologists.

[Gynecomastia in children]. / Ginekomastiia u detei.

The experience with treatment of 34 children with gynecomastia is summarized. The examination included roentgenography of the Turkish saddle, definition of bone age, investigation of buccal sex chromatin, excretion of 17-ketosteroids, excretory urography against the background of retropneumoperitoneum, ultrasound investigation of the mammary glands. In juvenile gynecomastia, the mammary glands were removed, the expectant tactic being considered unwarranted. The long-term results of the surgical treatment are good.

[Differentiated electrotherapy of neurogenic urination disorders]. / Differentsirovannaia élektroterapiia nevrogennykh rasstroistv mocheispuskaniia.

As a therapeutic management of neurogenic disorders of micturition is an actual problem, the authors analysed the results of electrotherapy in 58 patients suffering from the aforementioned conditions. Out of them 22 patients sustained conservative and 36 combined treatment with the use of electrical stimulation of the urinary bladder. With regard to the clinical manifestations of micturition distress and the pattern of the bladder dysfunction the patients were allocated to three groups: group 1-34 patients with chronic urine retention; group 11-9 patients with enuresis; group 11-15 patients with the combination of all the symptoms mentioned. With regard to the disease etiology and pathogenesis as well as the functional performance of the lower urinary tract, electrotherapy of the bladder sphincter-detrusor system was performed according to certain parameters developed. Group I patients were exposed to impulsive cross currents with following linear electric stimulation of detrusor; group II patients underwent transrectal electrical stimulation of the sphincter, group III patients were simultaneously subjected to the effect of impulsive cross currents and linear electrical stimulation of the detrusor. In 70.7 per cent of the patients the treatment was a success, in 13.9 it led to an insignificant improvement and in 15.4 per cent it was a failure. Thus, selectively used electrotherapy essentially improves the rehabilitation of the patients suffering from neurogenic distress of micturition.

[Modeling of acute pancreatitis]. / Modelirovanie ostrogo pankreatita.

The experience with modelling acute pancreatitis (AP) in dogs is summarized. In 15 of them, to reproduce AP, the intraductal administration of a bile with trypsin mixture was used, in 8--intraductal administration of automobile under the pressure, in 15--intraparenchymatous administration of automobile at several points. Depending on the method of modelling, the forms, rate and severity of the AP course were different.

[Umbilical cord hernias]. / Gryzhi pupochnogo kanatika

The authors observed 38 children with umbilical cord hernias. In 27 of them some other defects were noted. Among 25 children there were 14 deaths (56.2%). Conservative therapy was conducted in 13 patients with umbilical cord hernia, 10 children died (76.9%).