RESUMEN
Context: Methylnaltrexone is a peripherally-acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist studied in both cancer and non-cancer patients with opioid-induced constipation (OIC), but mostly in the outpatient setting. For adult hospitalized cancer patients with OIC, its effectiveness is unknown. Objectives: Describe the efficacy of methylnaltrexone for OIC in the inpatient setting, defined as bowel movement (BM) within 24 hours of methylnaltrexone administration. Methods: We performed a single-center, retrospective chart review of all hospitalized, adult patients with a cancer diagnosis who received methylnaltrexone from the palliative care team between January 1st, 2012 and July 1st, 2019. Results: We identified 194 patients. The mean age was 59, 50.5% were male and 88% were white. 192 patients (98%) received the 8 mg dose subcutaneously. The median oral morphine equivalent (OME) was 135 mg (IQR 70-354 mg). 45% (95% confidence interval, 38-53%) had a BM within 24 hours. Higher OME was correlated with successful BM, with a response in 93% (86/92) of patients receiving ≥150 OME and 2% (2/102) of patients receiving <150 OME (P < .0001). Prior laxative use did not predict response at 24 hours whether these were osmotic laxatives (40.7% vs 47.1%, P = .52), stimulant laxatives (45.7% vs 45.2%, P > .99), or stool softeners (44.7% vs 46.1%, P = .89). Conclusion: Methylnaltrexone has a high response rate when used as treatment for OIC in hospitalized adult cancer patients, especially for patients taking ≥150 OME.
Asunto(s)
Analgésicos Opioides , Neoplasias , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapéutico , Laxativos/uso terapéutico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estreñimiento/inducido químicamente , Estreñimiento/tratamiento farmacológico , Naltrexona/uso terapéutico , Antagonistas de Narcóticos/uso terapéutico , Antagonistas de Narcóticos/efectos adversos , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/uso terapéutico , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/efectos adversos , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Morfina/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, many healthcare systems are experiencing an increased demand for palliative care (PC). To meet this challenge, the PC team at Cleveland Clinic designed an enterprise-wide response plan organized around 4 domains: staff (educational resources and tools), stuff (medications and supplies), space (recommendations for optimizing physical space and facilities), and systems to facilitate high-quality PC delivery to patients. To mitigate isolation during end-of-life care, the Clinic offers "compassionate exceptions" to strict visitation policies, provides personal protective equipment to visitors of these patients, and facilitates virtual visitation via electronic devices.
