RESUMEN
We set out to retrospectively review the clinical and imaging features of patients with post-radiation sarcoma, especially in the head and neck region. We reviewed the records of 4194 patients with carcinoma of the head and neck region who had a history of radiation. They had undergone CT and/or MRI. Medical records were reviewed for the primary diagnosis, radiation history and latency period to the development of sarcoma. The patients included four men and two women with a mean age of 64.5 years. The mean latency period for the development of sarcoma was 11.5 years. Primary diagnoses were maxillary carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma of the oral floor, tonsilar carcinoma, soft palate carcinoma and tongue carcinoma. Histopathological examinations revealed osteosarcoma, spindle cell sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour, spindle cell carcinoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma, respectively. Common findings were a heterogeneous and well-enhanced soft tissue mass and bone destruction. There is at present little or no prospect for the effective prevention of radiation-induced sarcoma of the head and neck. This emphasizes the importance of the earliest possible diagnosis for such patients. The imaging findings are not diagnosis specific, but strict follow-up within the radiation field by CT and MRI and an appreciation of the expected latency period may help to provide the diagnosis. When radiotherapy is performed for head and neck neoplasms, periodic follow-up observations may be necessary for many years.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/diagnóstico , Sarcoma/diagnóstico , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma/radioterapia , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/radioterapia , Humanos , Incidencia , Japón , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sarcoma/etiología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
Fibrillarin is known to play an important role in precursor ribosomal RNA processing and ribosome assembly. The present study describes a fibrillarin homolog gene isolated from tobacco BY-2 cells and its expression during the cell cycle. The cDNA for a fibrillarin homolog, named NtFib1, was first cloned in Nicotiana tabacum with degenerate primers. It encodes 314 amino acids and the deduced amino acid sequence has some highly conserved functional domains, such as the glycine and arginine-rich (GAR) domain for nucleolar localization and the RNA-binding motif. The C-terminal region is highly conserved and has 7 beta-sheets and 7 alpha-helices which are peculiar to fibrillarin. Thus, it is suggested that the fibrillarin homolog of this plant species functions in the same way as the fibrillarin already known from human and yeast cells. Northern blot analysis of BY-2 cells synchronized with aphidicolin or a combination of aphidicolin and propyzamide showed that the histone H4 gene was specifically expressed in the S phase but NtFib1 mRNA remained at high levels during the cell cycle. Examination of the localization of NtFib1 protein tagged with green-fluorescent protein (GFP) suggested that some persisting in the mitotic apparatus was eventually incorporated into reconstructed nucleoli in late telophase. Newly synthesized GFP-tagged NtFib1 protein in the cytoplasm was added to the recycled protein in early mitosis. Highly concentrated actinomycin D completely inhibited the transcription of genes coding for rRNA (rDNA) but did not significantly suppress the amount of either NtFib1 mRNA or protein, although the NtFib1 protein was reversibly dislocated from nucleoli. Although hypoxic shock completely prohibited rDNA transcription, NtFib1 mRNA remained at the same level as in the control experiment, even after the 4 h treatment. These results indicate that the transcription of NtFib1 mRNA is not related to rDNA transcription and NtFib1 mRNA is resistant to disrupting factors during the cell cycle.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Cromosómicas no Histona/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Nicotiana/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Afidicolina/farmacología , Benzamidas/farmacología , Northern Blotting , Ciclo Celular/genética , Células Cultivadas , Proteínas Cromosómicas no Histona/metabolismo , Clonación Molecular , ADN Complementario/química , ADN Complementario/genética , Dactinomicina/farmacología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Fluorescentes Verdes/genética , Proteínas Fluorescentes Verdes/metabolismo , Microscopía Fluorescente , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/metabolismo , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Nicotiana/citología , Nicotiana/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
AIMS: A micropapillary pattern (MPP) in lung adenocarcinoma, characterized by papillary structures with epithelial tufts lacking a central fibrovascular core, has been reported to be a new pathological marker of poor prognosis. However, its clinicopathological and prognostic significance in small lung adenocarcinomas (=20 mm) remains undetermined. A new histological classification of small lung adenocarcinoma proposed by Noguchi et al. has been found to be useful since it has defined surgically curable bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC)-type tumours (Noguchi's type A and B) based on the absence of active fibroblastic proliferation. However, BAC-type tumours with active fibroblastic proliferation (Noguchi's type C), which is adenocarcinoma with mixed subtypes including BAC and invasive carcinoma in the new World Health Organization (WHO) classification, account for most of the small adenocarcinomas and represent a heterogeneous group ranging from minimal to overtly invasive cancer with variable prognoses. Therefore, in this study the aim was to investigate whether MPP can be an additional histological marker(s) to subclassify this heterogeneous group in small lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-two cases of small lung adenocarcinomas (=20 mm in maximum dimension) classified according to the new WHO classification and Noguchi's proposal were analysed with reference to the presence of MPP. Of the 122 cases, 67 (55%) were MPP-positive and 55 (45%) were MPP-negative. Lymph node metastasis and pleural invasion were significantly more frequent in the MPP-positive group: 74% and 66% in the positive group versus 26% and 34% in the negative group, respectively. The 5-year survival of the MPP-positive group was 54%, whereas that of the MPP-negative group was 81% (P=0.024). The 5-year survival rates of BAC (Noguchi's type A and B) (n=14), mixed BAC and invasive adenocarcinoma (Noguchi's type C) (n=85) and invasive adenocarcinoma (Noguchi's type D and F) (n=23) were 100%, 68% and 36%, respectively. In patients with mixed BAC and invasive adenocarcinoma (Noguchi's type C tumours), the 5-year survival of the MPP-positive group (n=51) was 54%, significantly lower than that of the MPP-negative group (n=23) of 100% (P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: MPP is a simple and distinct pathological marker to subclassify tumours with a significantly poor prognosis within small (=20 mm) mixed BAC and invasive adenocarcinoma (Noguchi's type C tumours).
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma Bronquioloalveolar/patología , Adenocarcinoma Papilar/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/clasificación , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Análisis de Supervivencia , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Surgical efficacy is still unsatisfactory for small lung cancer; accordingly, minimal resection has recently been the focus of increased study. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the factors associated with small lung cancer, and to determine whether such factors are reliable predictors of long-term survival. METHODS: We retrospectively investigated 130 patients with histologically confirmed non-small cell carcinoma, whose treatments were primarily surgical, with no chemotherapy or radiotherapy prior to surgery. All tumors were located peripherally and were less than 20 mm in diameter. Follow-up was performed for five-year and eight-year survivors and multivariate analysis with Cox's proportional hazards regression model was performed. RESULTS: Of all 130 patients, the 5-year survival rate among patients with tumors less than 15 mm was 82.5 %, vs. 57.4 % of patients with tumors with a diameter of 16 - 20 mm. The 5-year survival rate of patients who were node negative was 73.9 % while it was 28.5 % for node-positive patients. Status of nodal invasion was also significantly associated with survival in small-size tumors ( p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the 5-year survival rate among patients with pleural involvement was 55 % vs. 83.8 % for patients without pleural involvement. Using multivariate Cox analysis, lymph node involvement ( p = 0.0004), size ( p = 0.0475), and pleural invasion ( p = 0.0482) were found to be independent prognostic factors in cases of tumors 20 mm or less in diameter. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study at least demonstrate that the optimal therapy for patients with nodal involvement or patients with tumors of 16 - 20 mm must be carefully determined even in cases of small lung cancer.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/cirugía , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Cirugía Torácica Asistida por Video , Anciano , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/mortalidad , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidad , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Invasividad Neoplásica , Pleura/patología , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
The solitary fibrous tumors in the pleura are a rare entity that is usually adhesive and sometimes invasive. Because of its benign feature, complete surgical resection is generally considered. We describe a very rare case of mediastinal solitary fibrous tumor arised or invaded into the tracheal wall, which was surgically resected with combined cylindrical resection of the trachea.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias del Mediastino/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de Tejido Fibroso/diagnóstico , Adulto , Broncoscopía , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Neoplasias del Mediastino/patología , Neoplasias del Mediastino/cirugía , Invasividad Neoplásica , Neoplasias de Tejido Fibroso/patología , Neoplasias de Tejido Fibroso/cirugía , Radiografía , Tráquea/diagnóstico por imagen , Tráquea/patología , Tráquea/cirugíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To study the long-term effect of topically applied 0.12% isopropyl unoprostone (unoprostone, Rescula) on microcirculation in the ocular fundus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a laser speckle tissue circulation analyzer, normalized blur (NB), a quantitative index of blood flow velocity and tissue blood flow, was measured in the optic nerve head (ONH) and choroid-retina before and 4.5 hours after an instillation of placebo into both eyes in 11 normal human volunteers. Intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure, and pulse rate were also measured. A drop of unoprostone or the placebo was instilled into each eye in a double-blind manner twice a day for 21 days (the treated or untreated eye). RESULTS: Twenty-one days later, NB values in the ONH and the choroid-retina increased significantly and the IOP decreased significantly only in the treated eyes. Ocular perfusion pressure showed no significant changes. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the increase of the blood flow in the microcirculation in the human ocular fundus following the relatively long-term topical application of unoprostone may be due to reduction in vascular resistance.
Asunto(s)
Coroides/irrigación sanguínea , Dinoprost/análogos & derivados , Vasos Retinianos/efectos de los fármacos , Administración Tópica , Adulto , Dinoprost/administración & dosificación , Dinoprost/farmacología , Humanos , Masculino , Microcirculación/efectos de los fármacos , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
AIM: The purpose of this study was to examine the cause and risk of recurrence after thoracoscopic surgery for spontaneous pneumothorax. METHODS: A total of 204 patients under 60 years of age who underwent axillary thoracotomy and 139 patients who underwent thoracoscopic surgery were compared. In addition, among the patients who underwent thoracoscopic surgery, recurrent and non recurrent cases were reviewed and compared. RESULTS: Postoperative recurrence rate was significantly higher among the thoracoscopic surgery group. There were some significant differences between the recurrent and non recurrent cases in the Brinkman index, the duration from the onset of pneumothorax to the initial consultation, and the number of patients who had past history of pneumothorax. The recurrence rate was higher in patients with an air leak in the chest drainage tube before operation than in patients without an air leak. CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate training under supervision of experienced surgeons is necessary for minimizing complications and procedure failures. A history of heavy smoking or an air leak in the chest drainage tube before surgery may be an index of recurrence after surgery.
Asunto(s)
Endoscopía , Neumotórax/cirugía , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Recurrencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Toracoscopía , Toracotomía , Insuficiencia del TratamientoRESUMEN
Utilizing a rotational digital radiographic system (SF-VA 100, Hitachi) 289 digital images were obtained during a 360-degree rotation in 4.8 seconds. The images were transferred to a high-speed workstation and post-processed to create volume data in 9 minutes. The multi-planar reconstruction method reconstructed high-quality tomographic images with equal resolution in any direction. We applied this system as a cone beam CT in order to demonstrate pulmonary and spinal lesions. Early clinical experience suggested the usefulness of the method in the evaluation of diseases in organs with high radiographic contrast.
Asunto(s)
Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Intensificación de Imagen Radiográfica/instrumentación , Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/instrumentación , Fístula Arteriovenosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma de Células Pequeñas/diagnóstico por imagen , Vértebras Cervicales/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/instrumentación , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Arteria Pulmonar/anomalías , Venas Pulmonares/anomalías , Disrafia Espinal/diagnóstico por imagen , Osteofitosis Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Breast conserving therapy is being established as a standard therapeutic procedure for early breast cancer in Japan. However, the indications of radiotherapy and a standardized therapeutic procedure have not been established yet. In this study, complications following radiotherapy were evaluated in patients who had previously undergone breast conserving therapy at Tokushima University Hospital. METHODS From October 1989 to March 1996, 60 women with stage I or II breast cancer underwent radiation therapy after breast conserving surgery, and all patients were followed-up for a median of 27 months. Radiation morbidity scoring of the breast and adjacent organs was performed using the toxity criteria of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) and European Organization for Research andTreatment of Cancer (EORTC). RESULTS: Only 1 patient developed local recurrence, and no distant metastasisor death was observed. The cause of recurrence in 1 case was considered to be due to extended intraductal component. Although transient dermal reaction was induced by irradiation of the breast, no side effects that may cause cosmetic problems were found. No serious radiation complications were found in the lungs, ribs, heart or other adjacent organs. CONCLUSION: The adverse reactions caused by irradiation does not reduce the merit of combined use of radiation therapy in breast conserving therapy, and therefore, are not the hesitation factor in application of radiotherapy.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Polydipsia is a common disorder among chronic psychiatric patients. Impaired water excretion due to enhanced action and secretion of antidiuretic hormone has been reported in hyponatremic patients with polydipsia. Hypouricemia coexisting with hyponatremia is a hallmark of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). The transitory coexistence of hyponatremia and hypouricemia in patients with polydipsia-hyponatremia syndrome is presented. METHOD: We examined the course of hypouricemia and hyponatremia in three schizophrenic patients with a long-standing history of polydipsia resulting in the presence of these conditions. In addition, we investigated the renal clearance of uric acid in five polydipsic patients without a previous history of water intoxication or hyponatremia (simple polydipsia). RESULTS: Both hyponatremia and hypouricemia were demonstrated in the presence of SIADH in one patient, during an episode of acute water intoxication in another, and in association with chronic hyponatremia in a patient who was following the target weight procedure. Elevated fractional excretion of uric acid percentage (FEUA%) was detected in two patients. These states appeared to be episodic or transitory. In the five patients with simple polydipsia, serum uric acid concentrations and FEUA% were maintained within the normal range. CONCLUSION: Altered uric acid regulation that resembles SIADH is present in patients with polydipsia-hyponatremia syndrome. Monitoring the uric acid concentration and FEUA% in polydipsic patients may be useful in identifying those patients with transiently impaired water excretion.