[State-of-the-art cataract surgery and intraocular optical correction].

The paper provides current knowledge on cataract epidemiology worldwide and in the Russian Federation, including issues of cataractogenesis and prevention. An overview of medical equipment for preoperative and intraoperative diagnostics is provided. Key aspects of the conventional ultrasonic phacoemulsification method as well as the most marked trends in correction of aphakia with intraocular lenses and in design of the latter are presented. Major laser-assisted techniques, including those that imply the use of femtosecond laser systems, and results that they yielded to date are discussed in detail.

[The effect of yellow filter intraocular lens on the macula after cataract phacoemulsification in patients with age macular degeneration].

Macula changes diagnosed with optical coherence tomography (OCT) within a year after cataract phacoemulsification (PE) with intraocular lens implantation with and without yellow filter are presented. 32 patients (36 eyes) with early stages of age macular degeneration (AMD) were included into the experimental group and 35 patients (36 eyes) served as controls. IOLs with yellow filter were implanted in 21 eyes, and in 15 cases IOLs without filter were used in each group. According to OCT data thickening of fovea and increasing of macula volume developed within 6 months after cataract PE. Implantation of yellow filter IOLs reduced the intensity of these changes after surgery in patients with AMD. The progression of early AMD into advanced stages within a year after PE was not observed.

[The problems of cataract surgery and intraocular correction: Russian school achievements and modern trends].

The development of the safest and, at the same time, efficient methods of cataract surgery, is not only a topical task of medical science and practice, but also, taking the demographic situation into account, a solution to a social problem. The article describes the main achievements of academician S. N. Fyodorov's school in the field of cataract surgery with intraocular lense (IOL) implantation. Special attention is paid to the key components of cataract extraction technique named "small incision surgery", which is based upon the use of ultrasmall surgical approaches with self-sealing ability and no need for suturing. The main advantages and disadvantages of various types of cataract lense fragmentation, including ultrasound emulsification, mechanic and hydraulic fragmentation, and laser destruction, are described. Topical issues concerning cataract extraction technique under the conditions of complicating ophthalmopathology including the weakness of ciliary zonule system, high-degree myopia, glaucoma, pseudoexfoliative syndrome, small pupil, past injuries and eye surgery, are outlined. The paper also reflects a new qualitative step in the development of intraocular aphakia correction technique under modern conditions. Basic requirements to design parameters and IOL materials are determined from the position of reestablishing the accommodative function and fine visual functions. Ways of IOL design improvement are described especially for their application in non-standard and complicated cases.

[Surgical correction of presbyopia with multifocal diffractive intraocular lenses].

The authors analyzed the results of binocular refractive lens exchange with a pseudoaccomodative AcrySof ReSTOR multifocal diffractive intraocular lens (IOL) in 24 patients (48 eyes) aged 40 to 61 years. Preoperative hyperopic refraction ranged from 1.0 to 6.0 diopters. One week postoperatively, a high percentage of the operated eyes had fine results of uncorrected distance and near visual acuity; the mean contrast sensitivity was found to be slightly reduced at high frequencies. 87.5% of the patients were completely satisfied with the results of binocular AcrySof ReSTOR implantation. Refractive lens exchange with an AcrySof ReSTOR multifocal IOL is a reasonable option for presbyopia in hyperopic patients and provides high functional results. A contrast sensitivity reduction on high frequencies on high frequencies can limit satisfactory results after AcrySof ReSTOR IOL implantation in case of some professions.

[Analysis of reasons for preventing relapses after operations on the lacrimal ducts].

Wrong decision on timely elimination of an abnormality at the level of the lacrimal ducts, irrational surgical treatment policy, and postoperative management in patients with abnormal parameters of the lacrimal system lead to recurrent epiphora. The polymorphism of the causes underlying the development of an unstable lacrimal film requires that individual rehabilitative treatment policy should be chosen for victims.