[The physiological activation and inhibition features of immunity cell functions. Receptor structures and intracellular signal ways of macrophages and natural killer cells].

The receptor structures of activating and inhibiting types of innate immunity central cells (macrophages and natural killer cells) participating in supporting genetic homeostasis and providing organism protection from extracellular and intracellular microbes and other alien cells, have been considered. The molecular physiological formation mechanisms of intracellular signal ways providing macrophage activation under interaction influence of Toll-like phagocyte receptors with one of its ligands: lipopolysaccharide that is the main component of gram-negative bacterium membrane have been analysed.

[B-lymphocyte regulation of the functional activity of hematopoietic stem cells. I. The effect of activated B-lymphocytes from the murine spleen on the proliferation of syngeneic hematopoietic stem cells of the bone marrow]. / B-limfotsitarnaia reguliatsiia funkstional'noi aktivnosti krovetvornykh stvolovykh kletok. I. Vliianie aktivirovannykh B-limfotsitov selezenki myshei na proliferatsiiu singennykh krovetvornykh stvolovykh kletok kostnogo mozga.

The hemopoietic stem cells (HSC), obtained from the mouse bone marrow and transferred into lethally irradiated syngeneic mice, do not form colonies of hemopoietic cells in the spleen of recipients. The colony formation has been observed after transplantation of HSC together with bone marrow B-lymphocytes or precursors of T-lymphocytes (PTL), and has been mediated through soluble products of nonimmunoglobulin nature produced by B-cells. In distinction from bone marrow B-cells, the interaction of splenic B-lymphocytes with the HSC fraction does not initiate this process, but suppresses it in the presence of bone marrow PTL. The interaction of B-lymphocytes activated by LPS (in vitro) or sheep erythrocytes (in vivo) with HSC or with a mixture of HSC and PTL resulted in the formation of splenic colonies. However, the induction of colony formation has been observed only in the presence of mature T-lymphocytes (phenotype Thy-1, Sc-1), revealed as an admixture to HSC, and has been abolished after their removing in the process of fractionation of bone marrow and receiving the purified HSC fraction. It requires some membranous interaction of regulatory cells.

[In vivo study of the functional activity of peripheral blood leukocytes of intact and irradiated dogs with an inactivation test of endogenous hemopoietic stem cells of sublethally irradiated mice]. / Issledovanie funktsional'noi aktivnosti leikotsitov perifericheskoi krovi intaktnykh i obluchennykh sobak in vivo v teste inaktivatsii éndogennykh krovetvornykh stvolovykh kletok subletal'no obluchennykh myshei.

Peripheral blood leukocytes of intact dogs, when transplanted to sublethally irradiated mice, have been found to suppress endogenous colony formation. The inactivation effect in hemopoietic stem cells of mice is enhanced with an increase in the number of effector cells in the graft. Radiation exposure results in failure of the effector function of leukocytic cells at the peak of acute radiation sickness. Nine months after irradiation, the inactivating capacity of dog leukocytes is restored and exceeds that of the control. Administered to dogs 9 months after irradiation, proteus vaccine stimulated the effector function of leukocytes at days 7 and 28 and suppressed it at days 14 and 62 post-administration.

[The natural cytokine complex in treatment of penetrating wounds of the rabbit cornea in an experiment]. / Estestvennyi kompleks tsitokinov v lechenii pronukaiushchikh ranenii rogovitsy glaza krolika v éksperimente.

The influence of cytokine complex and its fractions, produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells on the healing of rabbit corneal wounds has been investigated. The cytokine complex affected on the early stage of wound healing, and was more effective than fractions of this complex. The delay of regeneration and as a result--formation of more thin scar have been observed.

[Cyclic neutropenia: a disease or a syndrome?]. / Tsiklicheskaia neitropeniia, zabolevanie ili sindrom!

Peripheral blood and bone marrow morphology, blood and bone marrow lymphocyte subpopulation composition were studied in two children with cyclic neutropenia, using flow cytofluorometry, monoclonal antibodies, colony-forming capacity of granulocytic macrophagal precursors in semi-fluid agar. The studies were conducted in varying periods of the neutropenic cycle. Differences were revealed in immunohematologic parameters and clinical course of neutropenia in the two patients. The analysis of the literature data and the authors' own observations of the patients with cyclic neutropenia permitted a suggestion on high heterogeneity of pathogenetic mechanisms of this disease.

[Effects of B-lymphocytes from different organs on hemopoietic colony formation in the spleen by bone marrow cells]. / Vliianie B-limfotsitov raznogo organnogo proiskhozhdeniia na formirovanie krovetvornykh kolonii v selezenke kletkami kostnogo mozga.

The influence of B-lymphocytes from various sources on splenic colony formation was studied in the syngeneic system. B-lymphocytes were obtained by panning with IgG-fraction of rabbit anti-mouse Ig, absorbed on Petri dishes. In addition, adherent cells, Thy-1+ and SC-1+ were eliminated from the fraction of Ig(+)-cells. SC-1- and SC-1+ fractions, containing, respectively, stem cells and T-lymphocyte precursors, were obtained by panning with IgG-fraction of rabbit anti-SC-1 serum. SC-1- cells transferred to irradiated syngeneic mice did not induce colony formation in the spleen. Introduction of SC-1- and SC-1+ cells induced formation of colonies. A similar helper effect occurred when SC-1(-)-cells were introduced with bone marrow or lymph node B-cells, but not with splenic B-cells. Splenic, but not bone marrow and lymph node B-cells inhibited colony formation by combination of SC-1- and SC-1+ cells. All effects of Ig+ cells were abolished by treatment of cells with rabbit anti-MBLA serum. Thus, B-cells of various origin can either enhance or inhibit colony formation. The enhancing of inhibitory effect after B (MBLA+)-cells elimination from suspension of bone marrow and lymph node (but not spleen) Ig(+)-cells resulted from the activity of B-contrasuppressors.

[The phenotypic characteristics of T-lymphocytes that interact with hematopoietic stem cells: the expression of the antigens Lyt-1, Lyt-2 and L3T4]. / Fenotipicheskaia kharakteristika T-limfotsitov, vzaimodeistvuiushchikh s krovetvornymi stvolovymi kletkami: ékspressiia antigenov Lyt-1, Lyt-2 i L3T4.

The role of T-lymphocytes, bearing antigens Lyt-1, Lyt-2 and L3T4, in regulation of the functional activity of blood-forming precursor cells of syngen and non-syngen origin was investigated. The treatment of cells of murine lymphatic nidi with monoclonal antibodies to the above antigens and with the complement did not abolish the capacity of T-lymphocytes of controlling proliferation and differentiation of syngen and allogen blood-forming precursor cells. The subpopulation characteristics of lymphocytes interacting with the stem cells is discussed.

[The effect of kemantane on T-helpers and T-suppressors]. / Vliianie kemantana na T-khelpery i T-supressory.

The study of Kemantan on functionally alternative humoral immunity regulator cells: T-helpers and antigen-specific T-suppressors, including their induction, accumulation and functioning, was studied. Kemantan in doses of 0.2-200 mg/kg, introduced to the donors of T-helpers 2 days before they were taken, stimulated their activity 1.5- to 2-fold (with p less than 0.05). Kemantan had no influence on the functional activity of T-suppressors, as well as on their induction and accumulation.

[The mitostatic and lymphotoxic action of kemantane and its effect on B-suppressors]. / Mitostaticheskoe i limfotoksicheskoe deistvie kemantana i ego vliianie na B-supressory.

The in vivo study of the influence of Kemantan on the growth of endogenous colonies in the spleen of sublethally (6 Gy) irradiated (CBA x C57BL/6J) F1 mice (mitostatic action) and on the capacity of transplanted lymphocytes of CBA mice for suppressing their multiplication (lymphotoxic action) was carried out. Besides the capacity of Kemantan for affecting the induction, formation and functioning of B-suppressors of antibody formation was studied. As revealed in this study, Kemantan in doses of 0.2-200 mg/kg did not produce a mitostatic and lymphotoxic effect and had no influence on the realization of the suppressing action of mature B-suppressors. In doses of 20 and 200 mr/kg Kemantan, injected to donors at the phase of the induction and accumulation of B-suppressors, abolished their formation.

[The need of B-helpers for the T-lymphocyte regulation of the process of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation]. / Neobkhodimost' B-khelperov dlia reguliatsii T-limfotsitami protsessa differentsirovki stvolovykh krovetvornykh kletok.

We have detected and characterized a subpopulation of immunoregulatory cells, i.e., B-helpers capable to enhance the activity of Td-lymphocytes and controlling differentiation of syngeneic hemopoietic stem cells in mouse spleen and bone marrow. B-helpers found in the spleen and lymphatic nodes are resistant to radiation (at a dose of 6 Gr) but are impaired when irradiated at 9 Gr. Manifestation of the helper activity does not require either DNA or RNA synthesis but depends on protein synthesis and is mediated by soluble transmitter substances. Initial activation of B-helpers by lipopolysaccharide or alloantigens does not affect their helper functions. In the absence of T-lymphocytes B-cells do not affect differentiation of hemopoietic stem cells; interaction of B-helpers with differentiating Td-lymphocytes is not genetically restricted. Using preparative electrophoresis, we could isolate fractions of Td-lymphocytes which require or do not require B-helper cells in order to induce change in differentiation of hemopoietic stem cells from mainly erythroid to preferentially granulocyte pathway.

[Phenotyping of blood and bone marrow lymphocytes in children with primary immunologic deficiency]. / Fenotipirovanie limfotsitov krovi i kostnogo mozga u detei s pervichnoi immunnoi nedostatochnost'iu.

Subpopulational composition of peripheral blood and bone marrow lymphocytes was studied in 17 children with different forms of immunodeficiency, combined with hematological shifts (agammaglobulinemia--6, mucocutaneous candidiasis--2, selective IgG-deficiency--2, hyper-IgM syndrome--3, cephalo-oculocutaneous telangiectasia (COCT)--2, general, variable immunodeficiency--2 patients; neutropenia was observed in all the patients, lymphopenia--in 13, anemia-in 6 patients. Surface markers were assayed by flow cytofluorometry with monoclonal antibodies OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, OKB7, produced by "Ortho diagnostics". Changes characteristic of certain forms of primary immunodeficiency have been revealed in the subpopulational composition of peripheral blood and bone marrow lymphocytes: decreased helper potential in patients with general variable immunodeficiency, T-lymphocyte deficiency in patients with COCT increased number of phenotype T3 cells and decreased amount of B-cell in agammaglobulinemia patients. Significant heterogeneity has been noted in the parameters of hemogram, myelogram and in the subpopulational composition of peripheral blood and bone marrow lymphocytes in each nosologic form, the group of patients with hyper-IgM syndrome has proved to be most heterogeneic. It has been suggested that the changes in the subpopulational composition of bone marrow lymphocytes may be responsible for primary immunodeficiency and disorders in hemopoiesis.

[Lymphocyte subpopulations in the bone marrow of children]. / Subpopuliatsii limfotsitov kostnogo mozga u detei.

Blood lymphocyte subpopulations, and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy materials were comparatively investigated in 10 children without hematologic or infectious diseases (the children had chest deformations and diaphragmatic hernias). Lymphocyte typing was conducted by the method of continuous cytofluorometry in a complete leucocyte suspension with the use of monoclonal antibodies. The results of the study have evidenced that the content of lymphocytes carrying T-cell markers in the aspiration material was twofold lower, and in the biopsy material fourfold lower than in the peripheral blood. The number of immature T-lymphocytes in the bone marrow is higher than their content in the peripheral blood. A total of 40% of aspiration cells and 60% of biopsy cells present in the lymphocytic window, do not carry lymphocytic markers. CD8+-lymphocytes prevail in the bone marrow.

[Immunohematologic characteristics and course of chronic neutropenia in children with severe decrease of granulocyte maturation]. / Immunogematologicheskaia kharakteristika i techenie khronicheskikh neitropenii u detei s vysokim obryvom sozrevaniia granulotsitov.

The clinical course and some immunohematologic parameters of the blood and bone marrow were investigated in chronic neutropenia children with a high break of granulocyte maturation. Heterogeneity of etiopathogenetic mechanisms of the disease has been recorded in this group of children.

[Myelopeptide correction of the differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells in mice with experimental T-immunodeficiency]. / Korrektsiia mielopeptidami differentsirovki krovetvornykh kletok-predshestvennikov u myshei s éksperimental'nym T-immunodefitsitom.

The influence of myelopeptides on differentiation of bone marrow haemopoietic precursors cells in thymectomized and normal mice has been studied in vivo. The introduction of myelopeptides decreased the number of erythroid (E) colonies and increased that of granulocytic ones (G). This results in the decrease of initially raised E/G ratio in thymectomized mice (from 4.3) down to 1.3). Myelopeptides exerted no influence on haemopoietic precursors in normal mice (E/G-2.0).