RESUMEN
The dental caries is not simply a continuous and unidirectional process of the demineralization of the mineral phase, but a cyclic event with periods of demineralizations and remineralisation. The remineralization process is a natural repair mechanism to restore the minerals again, in ionic forms, to the hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystal lattice. It occurs under near-neutral physiological pH conditions whereby calcium and phosphate mineral ions are redeposited within the caries lesion from saliva and plaque fluid resulting in the formation of newer HAP crystals, which are larger and more resistant to acid dissolution. Numerous types of remineralizing agents and remineralizing techniques have been researched and many of them are being used clinically, with significantly predictable positive results. The recent researches on remineralization are based on biomimetic remineralization materials, having the capability to create apatite crystals within the completely demineralized collagen fibers. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Arifa MK, Ephraim R, et al. Recent Advances in Dental Hard Tissue Remineralization: A Review of Literature. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(2):139-144.
RESUMEN
The incidence of sensorineural hearing loss among infants in the neonatal intensive unit (NICU) is higher than in normal infants. This study determined the rate of hearing loss in healthy newborns and in NICU patients before hospital discharge at a single institution in the Eastern region of the United Arab Emirates; 96.5% of all eligible infants were screened. Hearing deficit was diagnosed in 25/13 854 healthy newborns (0.18%; 95% CI: 0.12%-0.27%) and 14/826 infants in the NICU (1.7%; 95% CI: 0.9%-2.8%). Although hearing impairment was significantly more common in those admitted to the NICU (RR = 9.4; 95% CI: 4.9-17.9), healthy newborns accounted for 25 of the 39 cases with hearing loss. The rate of congenital hearing deficit was comparable to international data. Universal screening is recommended since selective screening of high-risk infants missed two-thirds of newborns with hearing loss.
Asunto(s)
Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/diagnóstico , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/epidemiología , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal/estadística & datos numéricos , Tamizaje Neonatal/métodos , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/congénito , Humanos , Incidencia , Recién Nacido , Emiratos Árabes Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The incidence of sensorineural hearing loss among infants in the neonatal intensive unit [NICU] is higher than in normal infants. This study determined the rate of hearing loss in healthy newborns and in NICU patients before hospital discharge at a single institution in the Eastern region of the United Arab Emirates; 96.5% of all eligible infants were screened. Hearing deficit was diagnosed in 25/13 854 healthy newborns [0.18%; 95% CI: 0.12%-0.27%] and 14/826 infants in the NICU [1.7%; 95% CI: 0.9%-2.8%]. Although hearing impairment was significantly more common in those admitted to the NICU [RR = 9.4; 95% CI: 4.9-17.9], healthy newborns accounted for 25 of the 39 cases with hearing loss. The rate of congenital hearing deficit was comparable to international data. Universal screening is recommended since selective screening of high-risk infants missed two-thirds of newborns with hearing loss