Efectividad del proceso de formación de escolares de 32 colegios públicos en habilidades psicosociales y hábitos saludables en Engativá-Bogotá D. C / Effectiveness of the Process Used to Instruct 32 Public School Children in Engativá (Bogotá D. C.) on Psychosocial Skills and Healthy Habits / Efetividade do processo de formação de estudantes de 32 colégios públicos em habilidades psicossociais e hábitos saudáveis em Engativá - Bogotá DC

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad del trabajo realizado por docentes para fortalecer habilidades psicosociales y hábitos saludables en escolares. Metodología: estudio cuasi-experimental, longitudinal analítico con medición pre y postintervención educativa. El instrumento, elaborado a partir de la encuesta EDEX, fue utilizado para el estudio en 32 colegios públicos de Engativá entre 2013 y 2014; en el análisis se utilizó la prueba t de Student y la prueba exacta de Fisher para tablas de contingencia; los cambios en habilidades psicosociales y hábitos saludables se establecieron mediante estadísticos de Rasch. Resultados: se aplicaron 930 encuestas iniciales y 549 finales. Habilidades psicosociales: i) mejora de 0,18 lógitos en el promedio, equivalente a 11,6 % de escolares; ii) las habilidades cognitivas y sociales mejoraron, mientras las emocionales desmejoraron; iii) las mujeres obtuvieron resultados superiores estadísticamente significativos en habilidades cognitivas y sociales; iv) las personas con mayor tiempo en el programa mostraron mejores resultados, estadísticamente significativos, en habilidades cognitivas. Hábitos saludables: comparando resultados de estadísticos de Rasch, los hábitos saludables desmejoraron y no hubo diferencias por sexo o años en el programa. Conclusiones: los resultados concuerdan con la prioridad que dieron los docentes al trabajo en habilidades psicosociales y hábitos saludables; se observaron resultados importantes de efectividad. Se debe seguir investigando para aprender más sobre el fortalecimiento de las habilidades psicosociales y los hábitos saludables.

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of the work done by teachers to strengthen psychosocial skills and healthy habits among schoolchildren. Methodology: This is a quasi-experimental, analytical longitudinal study with pre and post education intervention. The instrument, based on the EDEX survey, was used to conduct the study at 32 public schools in Engativá between 2013 and 2014. The student t-test was employed in the analysis, along with Fisher's exact test for the contingency tables. Changes in psychosocial skills and healthy habits were determined using Rasch statistics. Results: 930 initial and 549 final surveys were applied. Psychosocial skills: i) there was an improvement of 0.18 log odd units, on average, equivalent to 11.6% of the schoolchildren; ii) cognitive and social skills improved, while emotional ones deteriorated; (iii) females scored statistically significantly higher in cognitive and social skills; and iv) students with more time in the program demonstrated better and statistically significant results for cognitive abilities. Healthy habits: a comparison of the Rasch statistic results showed healthy habits deteriorated and there were no differences by gender or years in the program. Conclusions: The results coincide with the priority teachers give to work on psychosocial skills and healthy habits. Significant results in terms of effectiveness were observed. Further research is needed to learn more about strengthening psychosocial skills and healthy habits.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a efetividade do trabalho realizado por docentes para fortalecer habilidades psicossociais e hábitos saudáveis em estudantes. Metodologia: estudo quase-experimental, longitudinal analítico com medida pré e pós-intervenção educativa. O instrumento, elaborado a partir da pesquisa EDEX, foi utilizado para o estudo em 32 colégios públicos de Engativá entre 2013 e 2014; na análise utilizou-se o Teste t de Student e o teste exato de Fisher para tabelas de contingência; as mudanças em habilidades psicossociais e hábitos saudáveis estabeleceram-se mediante o modelo Rasch. Resultados: aplicaram-se 930 questionários iniciais e 549 finais. Habilidades psicossociais: i) melhora de 0,18 logitos na média, equivalente a 11,6 % de estudantes; ii) as habilidades cognitivas e sociais melhoraram, enquanto as emocionais desmelhoraram; iii) as mulheres obtiveram resultados superiores estatisticamente significativos em habilidades cognitivas e sociais; iv) as pessoas com maior tempo no programa mostraram melhores resultados, estatisticamente significativos, em habilidades cognitivas. Hábitos saudáveis: comparando resultados do modelo Rasch, os hábitos saudáveis desmelhoraram e não houve diferenças por sexo ou idade no programa. Conclusões: os resultados concordam com a prioridade que deram os docentes ao trabalho em habilidades psicossociais e hábitos saudáveis; observaram-se resultados importantes de efetividade. Deve-se continuar pesquisando para aprender mais sobre o fortalecimento das habilidades psicossociais e os hábitos saudáveis.

[Validating mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) measurement for detecting acute malnutrition in 6-59 month-old children in emergency and disaster situations]. / Validez de la cinta braquial para detección de desnutrición aguda en niñas y niños entre 6 y 59 meses de edad en escenarios de emergencias y desastres.

OBJECTIVES: Validating the results of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) measurement in 6-59 month-old children when MUAC was measured by community agents in areas where an emergency had been declared. Evaluating the cut-offs used for identifying children suffering from acute malnutrition in Colombia today. METHODOLOGY: Previously trained community agents and a nutritionist carried out a cross-sectional study for evaluating MUAC agreement, reproducibility and sensitivity in detecting acute malnutrition. Three hundred and six children were assessed in three municipalities where an emergency had been declared in the Cordoba department of Colombia. RESULTS: A Bland and Altman plot gave high agreement regarding measurements taken by the community agents and the nutritionist, 94 % of the measurements coming within the agreement limits. The intra-class correlation coefficient gave 0.87 reproducibility; however, validating the criterion for calculating the area below the ROC curve, sensitivity and the impact of the children's age on MUAC measurements highlighted problems in using 11.5 centimeters as the cut-off. CONCLUSIONS: MUAC measurement was reliable, had good reproducibility and led to rapid diagnosis of nourishment status in 6-59 month-old children living in areas where an emergency had been declared. Validating the criterion, sensitivity, the impact of the children's age on MUAC measurement results and improved nourishment status concerning children aged less than 5 years old in Colombia highlighted the need for changing the current cut-off and using 14 centimeters instead.

Validez de la cinta braquial para detección de desnutrición aguda en niñas y niños entre 6 y 59 meses de edad en escenarios de emergencias y desastres / Validating mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) measurement for detecting acute malnutrition in 6-59 month-old children in emergency and disaster situations

Objetivos Establecer la validez de resultados en medición del contorno medio del brazo CMB de menores de 6 a 59 meses utilizando la cinta braquial por agentes comunitarios en situaciones de emergencia y evaluar puntos de corte utilizados para identificar desnutrición aguda en el contexto colombiano actual. Metodología Se realizó estudio trasversal para evaluar concordancia, reproducibilidad y sensibilidad en la detección de desnutrición aguda mediante uso de cinta braquial por agente comunitario capacitado y profesional en nutrición. Se valoraron 306 menores en tres municipios en emergencia del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Resultados La concordancia en las mediciones por agente comunitario y profesional según Bland y Altman, fue alta con el 94 % de las medidas dentro de límites de acuerdo; la reproducibilidad de resultados utilizando el coeficiente de correlación intraclase, fue de 0.87. Por su parte, la validez de criterio calculando el área bajo la curva de ROC, la sensibilidad y la influencia de la edad de los menores en resultados de la medida del CMB, mostraron problemas en el uso de 11.5 cms como punto de corte. Conclusiones La cinta braquial, utilizada por agentes comunitarios capacitados, es fiable, tiene muy buena reproducibilidad y permite el diagnóstico rápido del estado nutricional de menores entre 6 y 59 meses en situación de emergencia. La validez de criterio, sensibilidad, influencia de la edad de los menores en resultados de la medición del CMB y mejora en la situación nutricional en Colombia, mostraron la necesidad de cambiar el punto de corte a 14 centímetros.

Objectives Validating the results of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) measurement in 6-59 month-old children when MUAC was measured by community agents in areas where an emergency had been declared. Evaluating the cut-offs used for identifying children suffering from acute malnutrition in Colombia today. Methodology Previously trained community agents and a nutritionist carried out a cross-sectional study for evaluating MUAC agreement, reproducibility and sensitivity in detecting acute malnutrition. Three hundred and six children were assessed in three municipalities where an emergency had been declared in the Cordoba department of Colombia. Results A Bland and Altman plot gave high agreement regarding measurements taken by the community agents and the nutritionist, 94 % of the measurements coming within the agreement limits. The intra-class correlation coefficient gave 0.87 reproducibility; however, validating the criterion for calculating the area below the ROC curve, sensitivity and the impact of the children's age on MUAC measurements highlighted problems in using 11.5 centimeters as the cut-off. Conclusions MUAC measurement was reliable, had good reproducibility and led to rapid diagnosis of nourishment status in 6-59 month-old children living in areas where an emergency had been declared. Validating the criterion, sensitivity, the impact of the children's age on MUAC measurement results and improved nourishment status concerning children aged less than 5 years old in Colombia highlighted the need for changing the current cut-off and using 14 centimeters instead.