Interval from transurethral resection of prostate to laparoscopic radical prostatectomy does not affect outcomes for incidental prostate cancer.

Introduction: Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) has become a common option for the treatment of prostate cancer. The aim of our study was to examine whether LRP performed within 12 weeks of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is associated with surgical difficulty or outcomes. Material and methods: A single-institutional retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent LRP for incidental prostate cancer after TURP between July 2009 and December 2017. The interval between TURP and LRP was determined and patients with intervals of ≤ 12 weeks were compared to those with intervals of > 12 weeks. Patient characteristics, perioperative, pathological, and postoperative functional outcomes were analyzed to determine statistically significant differences between the 2 groups. Multivariable analyses were performed to determine whether the interval between TURP and LRP was a significant independent predictor of these outcomes. Results: A total of 56 incidental prostate cancer patients detected by TURP were included in this study. No significant differences were detected in estimated blood loss, operative duration, postoperative length of stay, and rate of positive margin, Gleason score upgrading, major complications, incontinence and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence in patients with a TURP to LRP interval above and below 12 weeks. The TURP to LRP interval was not an independent predictor of outcomes during or after LRP. Conclusions: Our results showed that performing LRP within 12 weeks after TURP does not adversely influence surgical difficulty or outcomes.

A novel approach for transforming breast cancer stem cells into endothelial cells.

Tumor vascular endothelial cells play a pivotal in the tumor microenvironment, influencing the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of tumor progression. The present study investigated a novel method for inducing the transformation of breast cancer stem cells into endothelial cells, providing a cellular model investigating anti-angiogenic mechanisms in vitro. The breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was used, and the expression of CD133 was initially detected using flow cytometry. CD133+ breast cancer cells were purified using immunomagnetic bead sorting technology, yielding an MCF-7CD133+ subpopulation. The proliferation ability of these cells was assessed using an MTT assay, while their microsphere formation ability was evaluated using a microsphere formation assay. Post-transformation in an optimized endothelial cell culture medium, expression of endothelial cell markers CD31 and CD105 were detected using flow cytometry. Endothelial cell tube formation assays and DiI-labeled acetylated low-density lipoprotein (DiI-Ac-LDL) assays were employed to analyze the endothelial cell function of the MCF-7CD133+ cells. MDM2/CEN12 gene amplification was detected through fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The MCF-7 breast cancer cell line exhibited 1.7±0.3% trace cells expressing the stem cell surface marker CD133. After anti-CD133 immunomagnetic bead sorting, MCF-7CD133+ and MCF-7CD133- subpopulation cells were obtained, with CD133 expression rates of 85.6±2.8 and 0.18±0.08%, respectively. MTT assay results demonstrated that, after 7 days, the proliferation rate of MCF-7CD133+ cells was significantly higher compared with MCF-7CD133- cells. MCF-7CD133+ subpopulation cells displayed strong stem cell characteristics, growing in suspension in serum-free media and forming tumor cell spheres. In contrast, MCF-7CD133- cells failed to form microspheres. After culturing cells in endothelial cell differentiation and maintenance media, the percentage of MCF-7CD133+ cells before and after endothelial cell culture was 0.3±0.16 and 81.4±8.37% for CD31+ cells and 0.2±0.08 and 83.8±7.24% for CD105+ cells, respectively. Vascular-like structure formation and Ac-LDL phagocytosis with red fluorescence in the tube formation assays confirmed endothelial cell function in the MCF-7CD133+ cells. FISH was used to verify MDM2/CEN12 gene amplification in the induced MCF-7CD133+ cells, indicating tumor cell characteristics. The modified endothelial cell transformation medium effectively induced differentiated tumor stem cells to express vascular endothelial cell markers and exhibit endothelial functions, ideal for in vitro anti-angiogenesis research.

[York-Mason procedure for urethrorectal fistula: A report of 10 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the York-Mason procedure (posterior sagittal approach) in the treatment of urethrorectal fistula. METHODS: Ten 15－80 (mean 54) years old male patients with urethrorectal fistula were treated by the York-Mason procedure, 3 by anoplasty for congenital anal atresia, 5 by laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, and the other 2 by radical rectal cancer resection. All the cases were single fistula with a history of 3 months to 18 years. Enterostomy was performed in 6 of the cases before the York-Mason procedure. RESULTS: The York-Mason procedure lasted 90－130 (mean 104) minutes, with no perioperative complications. Nine of the cases were successfully repaired in the first surgery and 1 in the second. The patients were discharged after an average of 7 hospital days postoperatively and followed up for 6－90 months without recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The York-Mason procedure is a reliable and effective option for the treatment of urethrorectal fistula, with the advantages low morbidity, short operation time and fast recovery.

C-reactive protein/abumin ratio is a useful biomarker for predicting the mucosal healing in the Crohn disease: A retrospective study.

ABSTRACT: Ileocolonoscopy is currently recognized as the gold standard for evaluating mucosal healing in patients with Crohn disease (CD). However, the ideal noninvasive marker to assess mucosal healing instead of invasive ileocolonoscopy is not available. This study aimed to determine the correlations between the mucosal healing and serological optimizing markers in CD.This retrospective study consecutively included 62 CD patients with 137 hospitalizations between March 2014 and March 2020. On the basis of the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's disease (SES-CD), the CD patients were divided into mucosal healing group (SES-CD ≤ 2) and nonmucosal healing group (SES-CD > 2). We collected the results of ileocolonoscopy examination and inflammatory markers and then serological optimizing markers, including C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CRP/ALB), platelet/albumin ratio (PLT/ALB), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were calculated. The control group consisted of 50 healthy volunteers in the corresponding period.We found that CRP/ALB, PLT/ALB, NLR, and PLR were correlated with the mucosal healing of CD, and the correlation of CRP/ALB with the mucosal healing was the highest (r = -0.64). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of CRP/ALB (0.87) was higher than NLR (0.69), PLR (0.72), and PLT/ALB (0.81). In the efficacy of assessing the mucosal healing in CD, the sensitivity of CRP/ALB, NLR, PLR, and PLT/ALB were 91.1%, 83.9%, 73.2%, and 73.2%, respectively, and the specificity was 76.5%, 46.9%, 64.2%, and 75.3%, respectively.CRP/ALB was the most appropriate marker to assess CD mucosal healing among the serological optimizing markers.

Bilateral Posterior Uveitis and Retinal Detachment During Immunotherapy: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) cause fewer toxicities than conventional chemotherapy. Although most of the immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are mild, reversible, and manageable, potentially severe and rare irAEs remain relevant. We present a 24-year-old man with advanced hereditary renal cancer who developed bilateral posterior uveitis and retinal detachment after systematic treatment of ICI and an anti-angiogenic drug. Axitinib and pembrolizumab were administered with a partial response and following the severe ocular irAE and systemic corticosteroid treatment was initiated. Our case indicates that ocular irAEs may occur rapidly. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of posterior uveitis and retinal detachment in hereditary renal cancer patients treated with ICI and anti-angiogenic drugs.

Vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and methionine and risk of pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism may play a key role in pancreatic carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine the association between pancreatic cancer risk and intake or blood levels of vitamins B6, B12 and methionine via meta-analysis. METHODS: A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Knowledge and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) up to April 2020 to identify relevant studies. Risk estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were retrieved from the studies and combined by a random-effect model. RESULTS: A total of 18 studies were included in this meta-analysis on the association of vitamin B6, B12 and methionine with pancreatic cancer risk. The combined risk estimate (95% CI) of pancreatic cancer for the highest vs lowest category of vitamin B6 intake and blood pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP, active form of vitamin B6) levels was 0.63 (0.48-0.79) and 0.65 (0.52-0.79), respectively. The results indicated a non-linear dose-response relationship between vitamin B6 intake and pancreatic risk. Linear dose-response relationship was found, and the risk of pancreatic cancer decreased by 9% for every 10 nmol/L increment in blood PLP levels. No significant association were found between pancreatic cancer risk and vitamin B12 intake, blood vitamin B12 levels, methionine intake and blood methionine levels. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that high intake of vitamin B6 and high concentration of blood PLP levels may be protective against the development of pancreatic cancer. Further research are warranted to confirm the results.

Increased expression of hematological and neurological expressed 1 (HN1) is associated with a poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and its knockdown inhibits cell growth and migration partly by down-regulation of c-Met.

Hematologic and neurological expression 1 (HN1) has been reported to involved in certain cancers, but its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is largely unknown. The contribution of HN1 to HCC progression was investigated in the present study. We found that HN1 was significantly up-regulated in HCC tissues, compared with normal tissues, by analyzing the Oncomine and Human Protein Atlas database; and found that high expression of HN1 was markedly associated with worse overall survival, relapse-free survival, progression- free survival and disease-specific survival in HCC patients via exploring the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. Functional assays revealed that HN1 knockdown by siRNA induced G1 cell cycle arrest, and inhibited the growth and migration of HCC cells; accordingly, HN1 over-expression promoted HCC cells proliferation and migration. Further studies indicated that HN1 knockdown reduced the expression of cyclin D1 and CDK4, while upregulated the cell cycle inhibitor p21WAF1/Cip1. Moreover, HN1 knockdown decreased c-Met (receptor tyrosine kinase of hepatocyte growth factor) expression, and suppressed ERK activation, which is a common downstream signaling pathway triggered by c-Met; consistently, HN1 over-expression reversed these effects. Meanwhile, down-regulation of c-Met partly eliminated the effect of HN1 over-expression in HCC cells. Thus, the present findings suggested that HN1 promotes the progression of HCC to some extent by up-regulating the expression of c-Met, and may act as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.

Legume intake and risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Previous studies regarding the relationship between legume intake and risk of prostate cancer have reported inconsistent results. We conducted a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to summarize evidence on this association. A systematic literature search of articles published through June 2016 was performed using PubMed and Web of Science databases. The combined relative risk (RR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) for the highest versus the lowest intake of legumes was calculated with a random-effects model. Dose-response meta-analysis was also performed for the studies that provided at least three levels of legume consumption. Ten articles (eight cohorts) reporting 281,034 individuals and 10,234 incident cases were identified. The individuals with high consumption of legumes compared with the reference group experienced a significantly reduced risk for developing prostate cancer (RR: 0.85 [95% CI 0.75-0.96], P = 0.010). Moderate heterogeneity of RRs was observed across these studies (P = 0.064 for heterogeneity, I2 = 45.8 %). Dose-response meta-analysis indicated that the risk of prostate cancer reduced by 3.7% (95% CI 1.5%-5.8%) for each 20 grams per day increment of legume intake. In conclusion, the results from this meta-analysis suggest that a high intake of legumes is associated with a low incidence of prostate cancer.

Dietary fiber intake is inversely associated with risk of pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The association between fiber intake and pancreatic cancer risk is conflicting and poorly explored. The aim of study was to investigate the association between dietary fiber intake and the risk of pancreatic cancer by conducting a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Systematic search of PubMed and Embase databases up to April 2015 were conducted to identify relevant studies. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were combined using random-effects models to assess the risk of pancreatic cancer when comparing extreme categories of fiber intake. Dose-response meta-analysis was performed for studies reporting categorical risk estimates for at least 3 exposure levels. RESULTS: One cohort and thirteen case-control studies were identified. The overall analysis revealed a strong inverse association between risk of pancreatic cancer and high fiber intake (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.44-0.61). No publication bias was detected by Egger's or Begg's test. The dose-response analyses showed that the summary OR for an increment of 10 g daily intake of fiber was 0.88 (0.84 to 0.92). CONCLUSION: A high intake of dietary fiber was associated with a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer. Further well-designed prospective studies are warranted to confirm the inverse association and to identify the dietary fiber types involved.

Treatment of prostatic stromal sarcoma with robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in a young adult: A case report.

The present study reports a rare case of prostatic stromal sarcoma (PSS) treated with a robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RLRP). A 32-year-old man presented to the Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University (Hangzhou, China) with obstructive voiding symptoms that had persisted for 2 years. A computed tomography scan of the pelvis revealed an 8-cm prostatic mass protruding into the bladder. A transperineal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy revealed a diagnosis of PSS. An RLRP was performed, and neither chemotherapy nor radiation therapy were administered prior to or subsequent to the surgery. No recurrence of the tumor was indicated at 6 months post-surgery. To the best of our knowledge, ≤30 cases of PSS have been reported in the English literature, and the present study is only the second case to be treated with RLRP.

[Penile necrosis resulting from post-circumcision microwave diathermy: A report of 9 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathogenesis and treatment of penile necrosis resulting from microwave diathermy following circumcision. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data about 9 cases of penile necrosis resulting from postoperative microwave diathermy following circumcision. The 9 males, aged 20 - 39 (mean 26) years, underwent traditional circumcision for redundant prepuce or phimosis in other hospitals, followed by microwave diathermy for 30 - 60 minutes daily, which resulted in penile necrosis. With no response to conservative therapy, the patients were referred to our hospital at 3 -30 days postoperatively. Of the 9 patients, 5 presented with dry gangrene and 4 with moist gangrene. Six of the patients underwent partial penectomy, including 1 that received penis lengthening.3 months later, while the other 3 underwent total penectomy for total penile necrosis followed by penile reconstruction 3 months later, with deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps and by implantation of the 12th costal cartilage in 2 cases and with epigastric groin island flaps and by urethroplasty in the other. RESULTS: The patients were followed up for 2 - 8 years, and all could urinate smoothly in the standing position. Of the 6 men treated by partial penectomy, 1 received penis lengthening and achieved a penile length of 7 cm and 5 had the remaining penile length of 3 -5 cm, 4 with erectile function and the other 2 capable of sexual intercourse. The 3 men treated by total penectomy achieved nearly normal external appearance of the penis, with a finalized length of (11.7 ± 1.3) cm, a circumference of (11.4 ± 2.1) cm, and a normal feel of the skin. Of the 3 cases of penile reconstruction, 2 achieved sufficient erectile hardness of the penis (grade 3) for sexual intercourse, while the other 1 remained impotent. CONCLUSION: Post-circumcision microwave diathermy may result in penile necrosis, for the management of which, early debridement is necessitated and penile lengthening or reconstruction can be performed according to the severity of the lesion and needs of the patient.

Monitoring of prostate cancer growth and metastasis using a PSA luciferase report plasmid in a mouse model.

OBJECTIVE: To construct a PSA luciferase report plasmid and monitor the growth and metastasis of prostate cancer after emasculation in SCID mice. METHODS: PSA promoter sequence and luciferase gene were amplified by PCR and subsequently inserted into pZsGreen1-1 vector to construct pPSA-FL-Luc vector. LNCaP cells that were stably transfected with pPSA-FL-Luc were used to establish a SCID mouse xenograft model. Then, the growth and metastasis of prostate cancer were monitored via living imaging. RESULTS: We successfully constructed a PSA luciferase plasmid, pPSA-FL-Luc. DHT enhanced luciferase activity in a concentration-dependent manner in 293T cells with pPSA-FL-Luc transfection. Prostate cancer SCID mouse model was established with pPSA-FL-Luc transfected LNCaP cells. In tumor bearing mice with or without emasculation, pPSA-FL-Luc plasmid was applied to monitored tumor growth and metastasis based on bioluminescence imaging. CONCLUSIONS: We construct a pPSA-FL-Luc plasmid, which stably expresses luciferase and can be applied to monitor tumor development in a prostate SCID mouse model.

Effectiveness of preoperative pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Radical prostatectomy (RP) is the most common treatment for patients with localized prostate cancer. Urinary incontinence (UI) is a significant bothersome sequela after radical prostatectomy that may dramatically worsen a patient's quality of life. Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is the main conservation treatment for men experiencing urinary incontinence; however, whether additional preoperative PFMT can hasten the reestablishment of continence is still unclear. The objective of this meta-analysis is to determine whether the effectiveness of preoperative plus postoperative PFMT is better than postoperative PFMT only for the re-establishment of continence after RP. METHODS: A meta-analysis was performed after a comprehensive search of available randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Quality of the included studies was assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Efficacy data were pooled and analyzed using Review Manager (RevMan) Version 5.0. Pooled analyses of continence rates 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, using relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were conducted. For data deemed not appropriate for synthesis, a narrative overview was conducted. RESULTS: Five eligible studies were ultimately included in this analysis. No significant differences in continence rates were detected at the early (1- and 3-month) time points: RR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.71-2.08, P = 0.48; RR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.09-1.34, P = 0.34, respectively), interim (6-month time point: RR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.93-1.04, P = 0.59), or late recovery stage (RR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.67-1.29, P = 0.66). Outcomes reported were time to continence in two trials and quality of life in three, but results were inconclusive because of insufficient data. CONCLUSION: According to this meta-analysis, additional preoperative PFMT did not improve the resolution of UI after RP at early (≤3-month), interim (6-month), or late (1-year) recovery stages. However, the results of time to continence and quality of life were inconclusive because of insufficient data. More high-quality RCTs are needed for better evaluation of the effectiveness of preoperative PFMT on post-prostatectomy UI.

Tea consumption and prostate cancer: an updated meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Tea is supposed to have chemopreventive effect against various cancers. However, the protective role of tea in prostate cancer is still controversial. The aim of this study is to elucidate the association between tea consumption and prostate cancer risk by meta-analysis. METHODS: A total of 21 published articles were retrieved via both computerized searches and review of references. Estimates of OR/RR for highest versus non/lowest tea consumption levels were pooled on the basis of random effect model or fixed effect model as appropriate. Stratified analyses on tea type, population and study design were also conducted. RESULTS: No statistical significance was detected between tea consumption and prostate cancer risk in meta-analysis of all included studies (odds ratio (OR) = 0.86, 95% CI (0.69-1.04)). Furthermore, stratified analyses on population (Asian, OR = 0.81, 95% CI (0.55-1.08); non-Asian, OR = 0.89, 95% CI (0.72-1.07)) and tea type (green tea, OR = 0.79, 95% CI (0.43-1.14); black tea, OR = 0.88, 95% CI (0.73-1.02)) also yielded non-significant association. Only the case-control study subgroup demonstrated a borderline protective effect for tea consumption against prostate cancer (OR = 0.77, 95% CI (0.55-0.98)). CONCLUSION: Our analyses did not support the conclusion that tea consumption could reduce prostate cancer risk. Further epidemiology studies are needed.

Casticin induces caspase-mediated apoptosis via activation of mitochondrial pathway and upregulation of DR5 in human lung cancer cells.

OBJECTIVE: To assess if casticin induces caspase-mediated apoptosis via activation of mitochondrial pathway and upregulation of DR5 in human lung cancer cells. METHODS: Human non-small-cell lung carcinoma cell lines H460, A549 and H157 were cultured in vitro. The cytotoxic activities were determined using MTT assay. The apoptotic cells death was examined by flow cytometry using PI staining and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis. The activities of caspase-3, -8 and -9 were measured via ELISA. Cellular fractionation was determined by flow cytometry to assess release of cytochrome c and the mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Bcl-2/Bcl-XL/XIAP/Bid/DR5 and DR4 proteins were analyzed using western blot. RESULTS: The concentrations required for a 50% decrease in cell growth (IC(50)) ranged from 1.8 to 3.2 µM. Casticin induced rapid apoptosis and triggered a series of effects associated with apoptosis by way of mitochondrial pathway, including the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, activation of procaspase-9 and -3, and increase of DNA fragments. Moreover, the pan caspase inhibitor zVAD-FMK and the caspase-3 inhibitor zDEVD-FMK suppressed casticin-induced apoptosis. In addition, casticin induced XIAP and Bcl-XL down-regulation, Bax upregulation and Bid clearage. In H157 cell line, casticin increased expression of DR5 at protein levels but not affect the expression of DR4. The pretreatment with DR5/Fc chimera protein effectively attenuated casticin-induced apoptosis in H157 cells. No correlation was found between cell sensitivity to casticin and that to p53 status, suggesting that casticin induce a p53-independent apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that casticin induces caspase-mediated apoptosis via activation of mitochondrial pathway and upregulation of DR5 in human lung cancer cells.

Promoter-targeted double-stranded small RNAs activate PAWR gene expression in human cancer cells.

RNA activation is a promising discovery that promoter-targeted double-stranded small RNAs, termed small activating RNAs (saRNAs), can induce gene expression, which represents a novel approach to gene over-expression without traditional vector-based systems. PAWR is a tumor suppressing gene essential for apoptosis and a cancer-selective target for cancer therapeutics. Here our study identified synthetic saRNAs that could activate the expression of PAWR in human cancer cells. Functional analysis of PAWR induction revealed that saRNA treatment induced growth inhibition and apoptosis of cancer cells, and predictably modulated the expression of known downstream target gene Bcl-2. New functional saRNAs can also be harvested by one or two-base shifting of the original target sites. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that activation of PAWR is accompanied by reduced dimethylation at histone H3K9 and increased dimethylation at histone H3K4. Moreover, the existence of transcripts in PAWR promoter was detected but its relationship with RNA activation needs more lucubration. These data have enlarged the gene pool of RNAa and hold great promise as an alternative for PAWR-targeted therapeutics.

Silencing of mutant p53 by siRNA induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells.

BACKGROUND: p53 is the most frequently mutated tumor-suppressor gene in human cancers. It has been reported that mutations in p53 result not only in the loss of its ability as a tumor suppressor, but also in the gain of novel cancer-related functions that contribute to oncogenesis. The present study evaluated the potential of silencing of mutant p53 by small interfering RNA in the treatment of bladder cancer cells in vitro. METHODS: We used the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to assess cell viability and flow cytometry to detect cell cycle alterations and apoptosis. The related molecular mechanisms were assessed by western blotting. We also used the MTT assay and flow cytometry to investigate if silencing of mutant p53 by knockdown with small interfering (si)RNA would change the sensitivity to cisplatin treatment. RESULTS: Using 5637 and T24 human bladder cancer cell lines characterized by mutations in p53, we found that silencing of the mutant p53 by RNA interference induced evident inhibition of cell proliferation and viability, which was related to the induction of G2 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, our study also showed that the p53-targeting siRNA cooperated with cisplatin in the inhibition of bladder cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that RNA interference targeting mutant p53 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of bladder cancer.

A meta-analysis of tea consumption and the risk of bladder cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies on the association between tea consumption and bladder cancer risk have only illustrated contradictory results. The role of tea in bladder carcinogenesis still remains conflicting. In order to illustrate the potential relationship between tea consumption and bladder cancer, a meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies was conducted. METHODS: Eligible studies were retrieved via both computerized searches and review of references. Stratified analyses on types of tea, gender, study design, ethnicity and smoking status were performed. Fixed- or random-effect models were used to summarize the estimates of OR with 95% CIs. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were eligible for our analysis. No statistical significance was detected between tea consumption and bladder cancer risk when comparing the highest with the lowest intake of tea (OR = 0.825, 95% CI 0.652-1.043). In the subgroup of green tea, we observed it illustrated a protective effect on bladder cancer (OR = 0.814, 95% CI 0.678-0.976). CONCLUSION: Our analysis indicated that green tea may have a protective effect on bladder cancer in Asian people. Further studies need to be conducted to better clarify the biological mechanisms.

Susceptibility of XPD and hOGG1 genetic variants to prostate cancer.

DNA repair genes are important in maintaining genomic stability and integrity. DNA repair gene polymorphisms, such as those of the human homolog of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) and excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 2/Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group D (ERCC2/XPD), contribute to carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of prostate cancer (PCa) risk with hOGG1 and ERCC2/XPD genetic variants. A case-control study of 200 cases including 100 PCa patients and 100 healthy subjects was conducted. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (ERCC2/XPD Arg156Arg and hOGG1 Ser326Cys) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results demonstrated a significant association of the XPD156 homozygous (AA, OR=3.80; 95% CI: 1.19-12.18; P=0.017), heterozygous (AC, OR=2.48; 95% CI: 1.02-6.35; P=0.033) and combined (AA+AC, OR=2.76; 95% CI: 1.18-6.84; P=0.011) mutant genotypes with a predisposition to high-risk PCa. In the stratified analysis, predisposition to high-risk PCa was also associated with the mutant genotypes of hOGG1 326 homozygous mutant (GG, OR=2.93; 95% CI: 1-8.74; P=0.033). The results also showed that the A allele of XPD Arg156Arg and the G allele of hOGG1 Ser326Cys were associated with an increased risk of PCa (OR=1.86 and 1.62; 95% CI: 1.13-3.06 and 1-2.67, respectively). In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrated that the ERCC2/XPD Arg156Arg and hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphisms increased the susceptibility to high-risk PCa.

[Transurethral vapor enucleation and resection of prostate with TURis button electrode].

OBJECTIVE: To describe an efficient and effective method of using Olympus TURis button plasma vaporization electrode plus loop electrode for transurethral vapor enucleation and resection of prostate. METHODS: Between July 2011 and October 2011, the investigators performed transurethral vapor enucleation and resection of prostate using Olympus TURis button plasma vaporization electrode plus loop electrode in 16 consecutive patients at our institution. The parameters of prostate weight, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL), operative duration, blood loss volume, catheterization period, duration of hospitalization, perioperative complications and the weight of enucleated tissue were evaluated. IPSS and QOL were recorded during the follow-up. RESULTS: No patient had significant blood loss or signs of transurethral resection syndrome. The mean patient age was 67.3 ± 8.1 years. Mean preoperative prostate weight was 49 ± 24 g (range: 19 - 91) and mean resected tissue weight 36 ± 16 g (range: 10 - 50). Serious complications were not observed. Operative duration was 116 ± 31 minutes, mean catheter time 4.9 ± 1.8 days and the duration of hospitalization was 16.6 ± 5.5 days. Transurethral vapor enucleation and resection of prostate induced significant, pronounced, immediate and lasting improvement in IPSS (15.6 ± 6.8 vs 6.7 ± 2.4, P < 0.01) and QOL (3.4 ± 1.4 vs 1.6 ± 0.6, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Transurethral vapor enucleation and resection of prostate with Olympus TURis plasma button electrode is a safe, effective and thorough surgical method in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.