Linezolid-induced lactic acidosis.

Linezolid is a commonly prescribed antibiotic in clinical practice. Although thrombocytopenia and peripheral neuropathy are frequently encountered following prolonged administration of linezolid, lactic acidosis is a rare adverse drug reaction. We present the case of a patient on linezolid for disseminated multidrug-resistant tuberculosis who presented with vomiting, dyspnoea, hypotension and high anion gap metabolic acidosis. The initial presentation mimicked sepsis syndrome. Ketoacidosis and renal dysfunction were ruled out. There was no history of ingestion of toxins/toxic alcohols. Sepsis was unlikely because extensive radiological and microbiological testing could not identify an infection. Given the possibility of linezolid-induced lactic acidosis (LILA), linezolid was discontinued on admission. The patient's lactic acidosis resolved, and his overall condition improved. A retrospective diagnosis of LILA was thus established. LILA should be considered when patients on linezolid present with lactic acidosis and other causes for the lactic acidosis have been ruled out.

Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Recurrent Rhodococcus corynebacterioides Peritonitis: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Rhodococcus corynebacterioides is a Gram-positive bacterium known to cause bacteremia and oligoarthritis. There have been only a few case reports in the literature that describe its association with peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis. We report a case of recurrent peritonitis caused by R. corynebacterioides. The patient presented with abdominal pain, and PD fluid analysis was positive for infection, with cultures growing R. corynebacterioides. The patient was treated with multiple courses of intraperitoneal antibiotics due to recurrent episodes of PD-associated peritonitis from this bacterium, ultimately necessitating the removal of the PD catheter and the transition to hemodialysis.

Recent advancements in surface modifications of dental implants.

OBJECTIVE: Implantology is one of the most investigated topics in modern dentistry. The current review was planned to systematically summarise all industrial, mass production and experimental trends in dental implant manufacturing relative primarily to their surface modification conducted between January 2017 and January 2020. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The review was conducted in Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Armed Forces Institute Of Dentistry, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Foundation University College of Dentistry, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Islamabad, and the Higher Education Commission Library, Islamabad. Literature was searched on PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Cochrane and Science Direct databases. The key words employed were "dental Implants", "surface modification", "surface morphology", "surface treatment" and "surface augmentation". RESULTS: A total of 38 articles were short-listed and reviewed in detail. There was abundant evidence suggesting the importance of these surface modifications on improving the implant success. Several strategies have been suggested to modify the implant surface topography as well as surface chemistry in order to achieve a micro-porous structure with nano-scale architecture, with increased bio-activity; hydrophilicity and anti-bacterial properties. CONCLUSIONS: There has been commendable success with many of these strategies in laboratories. However, following the success in ex-vivo studies, very few of these surface modalities have found their way to clinical set-ups.