Efecto de 24 sesiones de entrenamiento de fuerza en un paciente con gonartrosis bilateral: a propósito de un caso / Efeitos de 24 sessões de treinamento de força em um paciente com gonartrose bilateral: um estudo de caso / Effect of 24 sessions of resistance training in a patient with gonarthrosis bilateral: a case study

Objetivos. Evaluar los efectos de 24 sesiones de ejercicio de fuerza (EF) progresivo, de intensidad moderada/alta sobre la capacidad funcional, la fuerza muscular y la composición corporal de un anciano con gonartrosis (GA) bilateral. Método. La capacidad funcional, la fuerza muscular y las variables antropométricas fueron medidas antes y después de 24 sesiones de entrenamiento. El paciente realizó el EF progresivo entre 8 y 12 repeticiones máximas, utilizando los principales grupos musculares de los miembros superiores e inferiores, 2 veces por semana durante 12 semanas. Resultados. Hubo una mejora en el test de sentarse y levantase (46,1%), en el sentar y alcanzar (33,3%), así como un aumento de la fuerza muscular en todos los ejercicios analizados y mejora de los índices antropométricos. Conclusión. Los resultados de este estudio indican que 24 sesiones de EF progresivo pueden ser eficaces en la mejora de índices antropométricos, la capacidad funcional y la fuerza muscular de un paciente anciano diagnosticado de GA bilateral (AU)

Objective. To evaluate the effects of 24 moderate-high intensity progressive Resistance Training (RT) on functional capacity, muscle strength and body composition in an elderly patient with gonarthrosis (GA) bilateral. Methods. Functional capacity, muscle strength and anthropometric variables were measured before and after 24 training sessions. The patient performed a 12-weeks progressive RT (2 times/week), between 8 and 12 repetitions maximum, using the major muscle groups of the upper and lower limbs. Results. There was an improvement in the sit-to-stand test (46,1%), in sit and reach test (33,3%), the muscle strength increased in all exercises analyzed and the anthropometric indices enhanced. Conclusion. The results of this study indicate that 24 sessions of progressive RT, can be effective in improving anthropometric indices, functional capacity and muscle strength of elderly patients diagnosed with GA bilateral (AU)

Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de 24 sessões de treinamento de força (TF) progressivo de intensidade moderada/alta sobre a capacidade funcional, força muscular e composição corporal de um idoso diagnosticado com gonartrose (GA) bilateral. Métodos: A capacidade funcional, força muscular e as variáveis antropométricas foram avaliadas antes e após 24 sessões de treinamento. O paciente realizou o TF progressivo entre 8-12 repetições máximas, utilizando os principais grupamentos musculares dos membros superiores e inferiores, duas vezes por semana, durante 12 semanas. Resultados: Ocorreu melhora no teste de sentar e levantar (46,1%), teste de sentar e alcançar (33,3%), assim como, os índices antropométricos e níveis de força aumentaram em todos os exercícios realizados. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo indicam que 24 sessões de TF progressivo podem ser eficazes na melhora dos índices antropométricos, capacidade funcional e força muscular de um paciente idoso diagnosticado com GA bilateral

Enhanced peroxisomal ß-oxidation is associated with prevention of obesity and glucose intolerance by fish oil-enriched diets.

OBJECTIVE: The effects of different amounts of omega 3-polyunsaturated fatty acids in diets with normal or high content of fat on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were investigated. DESIGN AND METHODS: Mice were fed for 8 weeks on diets enriched with fish oil or lard at 10% or 60% of energy. Energy balance and energy expenditure were analyzed. Fatty acid (FA) oxidative capacity of the liver and the activity of enzymes involved in this pathway were assessed. RESULTS: Fish oil-fed mice had lower body weight and adiposity compared with lard-fed animals, despite having lower rates of oxygen consumption. Mice fed diets containing fish oil also displayed lower glycemia, reduced fat content in the liver, and improved glucose tolerance compared with lard-fed animals. The fish oil-containing diets increased markers of hepatic peroxisomal content and increased the generation of metabolites derived from FA ß-oxidation in liver homogenates. In contrast, no changes were observed in the content of mitochondrial electron transport chain proteins or carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 in the liver, indicating little direct effect of fish oil on mitochondrial metabolism. CONCLUSION: Collectively, our findings suggest that the energy inefficient oxidation of FAs in peroxisomes may be an important mechanism underlying the protection against obesity and glucose intolerance of fish oil administration.

Changes in food intake, metabolic parameters and insulin resistance are induced by an isoenergetic, medium-chain fatty acid diet and are associated with modifications in insulin signalling in isolated rat pancreatic islets.

Long-chain fatty acids are capable of inducing alterations in the homoeostasis of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), but the effect of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) is poorly elucidated. In the present study, we fed a normoenergetic MCFA diet to male rats from the age of 1 month to the age of 4 months in order to analyse the effect of MCFA on body growth, insulin sensitivity and GSIS. The 45% MCFA substitution of whole fatty acids in the normoenergetic diet impaired whole body growth and resulted in increased body adiposity and hyperinsulinaemia, and reduced insulin-mediated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. In addition, the isolated pancreatic islets from the MCFA-fed rats showed impaired GSIS and reduced protein kinase Ba (AKT1) protein expression and extracellular signal-related kinase isoforms 1 and 2 (ERK(1/2)) phosphorylation, which were accompanied by increased cellular death. Furthermore, there was a mildly increased cholinergic sensitivity to GSIS. We discuss these findings in further detail, and advocate that they might have a role in the mechanistic pathway leading to the compensatory hyperinsulinaemic status found in this animal model.

Swim training applied at early age is critical to adrenal medulla catecholamine content and to attenuate monosodium L-glutamate-obesity onset in mice.

Exercise has been recommended as a remedy against a worldwide obesity epidemic; however, the onset of excessive weight gain is not fully understood, nor are the effects of exercise on body weight control. Activity deficits of the sympathetic nervous system, including the sympathoadrenal axis, have been suggested to contribute to high fat accumulation in obesity. In the present work, swim training was used to observe fat accumulation and adrenal catecholamine stocks in hypothalamic-obese mice produced by neonatal treatment with monosodium L-glutamate (MSG). MSG-treated and normal mice swam for 15 min/day, 3 days a week, from weaning up to 90 days old (EXE 21-90); from weaning up to 50 days old (EXE 21-50) and from 60 up to 90 days old (EXE 60-90). Sedentary MSG and normal mice (SED groups) did not exercise at all. Animals were sacrificed at 90 days of age. MSG treatment induced obesity, demonstrated by a 43.08% increase in epididymal fat pad weight; these adult obese mice presented 27.7% less catecholamine stocks in their adrenal glands than untreated mice (p<0.001). Exercise reduced fat accumulation and increased adrenal catecholamine content in EXE 21-90 groups. These effects were more pronounced in MSG-mice than in normal ones. Halting the exercise (EXE 21-50 groups) still changed fat accretion and catecholamine stocks; however, no effects were recorded in the EXE 60-90 groups. We conclude that metabolic changes imposed by early exercise, leading to an attenuation of MSG-hypothalamic obesity onset, are at least in part due to sympathoadrenal activity modulation.