A phase III randomized controlled trial of plitidepsin, a marine derived compound, in hospitalized adults with moderate COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: Plitidepsin has shown potent preclinical activity against SARS-CoV-2 and was generally well tolerated in a Phase I trial of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. NEPTUNO, a Phase III, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial, was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of plitidepsin in the management of moderate COVID-19 in hospitalized adult patients. METHODS: Included patients had documented SARS-CoV-2 infection, required oxygen therapy, and had adequate organ function. The planned sample size was 609 patients. Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to at least 3 days of dexamethasone plus either plitidepsin (1.5 mg/day or 2.5 mg/day, for 3 days) or standard of care (control). The primary endpoint was the time to sustained withdrawal of supplemental oxygen. Secondary endpoints included time to sustained hospital discharge, clinical status, duration of oxygen support, percentage of patients requiring admission to the intensive care unit, and safety. FINDINGS: After randomizing 205 patients, NEPTUNO was discontinued due to a notable drop in COVID-19-related hospitalizations. Available data suggest a 2-day improvement in the median time to sustained oxygen therapy discontinuation (5 vs 7 days) favoring both plitidepsin arms (hazard ratio [HR] 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96-1.96, p=0.08 for plitidepsin 1.5 mg vs control; HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.73-1.53, p=0.78 for plitidepsin 2.5 mg vs control). Plitidepsin was generally well tolerated. INTERPRETATION: Despite the trial limitations, these results suggest that plitidepsin may have a positive benefit-risk ratio in the management of patients requiring oxygen therapy. Further studies with plitidepsin, including those in immunosuppressed patients, are warranted. FUNDING: This trial has been funded by Pharmamar, S.A. (Madrid, Spain).

Meta-analysis of the rs243865 MMP-2 polymorphism and age-related macular degeneration risk.

PURPOSE: Several researchers have suggested that the rs243865 (16q13-q21) polymorphism in the promoter region of the metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) gene could be associated with an increased risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, previous results remain inconclusive. To clarify this controversy, we conducted a meta-analysis of the relationship between rs243865 of MMP-2 and AMD. METHODS: We included 6 independent case-control studies involving 1,682 AMD patients and 2,295 healthy subjects. The association between the rs243865 polymorphism and AMD was examined by the overall odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). We used a recessive genetic model analysis, sensitivity analysis, and assessment of bias in our meta-analysis. RESULTS: Our results showed that there was no significant association between the variant T allele (p-value = 0.10, OR [95%CI] = 0.95 [0.82-1.10]) or the CT+TT genotype (p-value = 0.16, OR [95%CI] = 0.92 [0.76-1.12]) of rs243865 MMP-2 polymorphism and the presence of AMD. CONCLUSIONS: The rs243865 MMP-2 polymorphism was not associated with an increased risk of developing AMD. The MMP-2 (-1306 C>T) promoter variant is unlikely to have a major role in AMD risk susceptibility.

Wernicke encephalopathy in alcoholics with diabetic ketoacidosis.

Wernicke encephalopathy is caused by thiamine deficiency in the central nervous system, and is defined by the triad of confusional symptoms, ocular alterations and ataxia. Some other factors may also predispose alcoholic patients to this deficiency. We report two patients with hyperglicaemia and ketoacidosis due to diabetes mellitus decompensation and chronic alcoholism who developed Wernicke encephalopathy before their hospital admission. The outcome was successful after intravenous thiamine administration and insulinotherapy. The presence of Wernicke encephalopathy in alcoholics with diabetic ketoacidosis, suggests that metabolic decompensation is essential in the onset of the disease.

Síndrome de Tako-Tsubo con trombo intraventricular en un paciente con accidente isquémico transitorio previo / Intraventricular thrombus associated with Tako-Tsubo syndrome in a patient with previous transient ischemic stroke

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