RESUMEN
Aim: Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD), which affects the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joint, and surrounding tissues, can manifest as inflammation. This study aims to explore the expression levels of the inflammatory biomarkers, interleukin (IL)-1ß and C-reactive protein (CRP), in TMD patients who have undergone orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: Buccal swabs from 105 postorthodontic treatment patients were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction to assess the expression levels of IL-1ß and CRP in each group after messenger ribonucleic acid extraction. Patients were also examined using the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) to determine if they met the criteria for a TMD diagnosis. The TMD group was subdivided into three categories based on the DC/TMD. Results: The study included 37 patients who did not develop TMD (group 0) and 68 participants who developed TMD after orthodontic treatment, including 17 with pain-related TMDs (group 1), 29 with intra-articular TMDs (Group 2), and 22 with combined pain-related and intra-articular TMDs (group 3). CRP expression was higher than IL-1ß in groups 1 and 2, and IL-1ß expression was higher than CRP in group 3. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that IL-1ß and CRP expression levels in groups 1, 2, and 3 were not statistically different. Sex and adult age had considerable effects on the occurrence of TMD in patients after orthodontic treatment. Conclusions: Higher IL-1ß expression was found in postorthodontic treatment patients with more complex TMD. This study strengthens the evidence of inflammation through IL-1ß and CRP expression in individuals with TMD, especially after orthodontic treatment.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to discover how hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) could reduce orthodontic relapse by altering the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), type I collagen (Col I), and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in the gingival supracrestal fibers in rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study involved 44 male rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) randomly divided into the normal group (K0), the orthodontic group without HBOT (K1), and the orthodontic group with HBOT (K2). Following orthodontic separation of the two upper central incisors, a retention phase and relapse assessment were performed. The HBOT was performed for a period of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days after retention. HIF-1α transcription was assessed employing real-time polymerase chain reaction, whereas Col I and MMP-1 proteins were examined using immunohistochemistry. The orthodontic relapse was measured clinically using a digital caliper. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: We used the one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc for multiple comparisons to measure differences between pairs of means; a p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: HBOT significantly increased the HIF-1α mRNA expression (p = 0.0140), increased Col I (p = 0.0043) and MMP-1 (p = 0.0068) on the tensioned and pressured side of the gingival supracrestal fibers, respectively, and clinically decreased the relapse (p = 3.75 × 10-40). CONCLUSION: HBOT minimizes orthodontic relapse by influencing HIF-1α expression, collagen synthesis (Col I), and degradation (MMP-1). This result suggests that HBOT has the potential to be used as an adjunctive method in the orthodontic retention phase.
RESUMEN
Understanding the fundamental principles of tooth movement could reduce the duration of treatment and achieve a stable outcome, resulting in patient satisfaction. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was a modality in which a patient inhaled 100% O2 while subjected to high atmospheric pressure. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy facilitated the supply of oxygen to the human body's organs and tissues and served a variety of applications, including patient care and wound treatment. This review article aimed to describe animal studies of the potential effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in orthodontic therapy. It was conducted using a systematic literature review method, including searching PubMed and Google Scholar for publications relevant to the research topics. The search was filtered to include only research on orthodontic treatment and hyperbaric oxygen therapy and was published in any year. Articles that did not specify biological components of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) were excluded. The Preferred Reporting Items identified the papers for the Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) strategy, which resulted in the selection of 11 publications. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy affected parameters of biomarkers representing the clinical, molecular, and cellular biology of bone formation and resorption in periodontal tissues in responding to orthodontic physical forces, including alkaline phosphatase, collagen synthesis, osteoblast, osteoclast, osteocyte, type I collagen, vascular endothelial growth factor, osteocalcin, fibroblast, matrix metalloproteinase-8, transforming growth factor-ß, partial pressure of oxygen, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, trabecular bone density, and tooth mobility. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy induced an inflammatory response to follow OTM events during active orthodontic therapy. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy might play a role in the tissue healing process during passive treatment. Nonetheless, additional research should be conducted to establish the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in orthodontics.
