Comparative Invitro Testing of the Tensile Bond Strength Under Artificial Aging Between Different Lithium Disilicate Ceramics to Composite Substrate: A Novel Methodology.

Objective The purpose of this study is to compare the tensile bond strength values to composite substrate pre- and post-aging between IPS E.max CAD and Initial LiSi. Methods The study utilized four blocks of IPS E.max CAD LT/B1 C14 (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein, Germany) (referred to as E) and four blocks of Initial LiSi LT/B1 (GC, Tokyo, Japan) (referred to as L). These blocks were milled to produce 76 ceramic bars measuring 2 mm × 2 mm × 10 mm (E = 38, L = 38/n = 19). After acid etching with hydrofluoric acid (BISCO, Schaumburg, IL, USA) and silane application (BIS-SILANE, BISCO), the specimens were embedded in putty (Express STD, 3M, Decatur, AL, USA) to create a mold for the resin cement (RelyX U200, 3M). Subsequently, one group of each brand underwent mechanical tensile testing (E0 and L0), while the other groups were subject to tensile testing after artificial aging involving 500 thermal cycles between 5 and 55°C (E5 and L5). The mean tensile strength for each group (E0, E5, L0, and L5) was determined using the Brown-Forsythe one-way ANOVA and Tamhane's post hoc tests. Results Initial LiSi showed a superior pre-aging mean (11.7 MPa). However, both materials had identical post-aging means (7.6 MPa). There were no statistically significant differences, except between the dependent Initial LiSi groups (L0-L5). Most failure modes were mixed (cohesive cement and adhesive). There were no cohesive failures on the cement side except in three specimens of Initial LiSi post-aging. Conclusion The tested conditions have shown that Initial Lisi exhibited the highest pre-aging mean; however, it exhibited inferior bond stability under aging conditions compared to IPS E.max CAD. Analyzing the microstructure before and after aging may provide insights into the greater decrease in bond strength observed in the Initial LiSi specimens.

Vertical Marginal Discrepancy of a Monolithic Zirconia Crown with Different Cement Spaces.

The long-term clinical success of indirect restorations highly depends on their marginal integrity. The cement space is an element that might affect the marginal integrity, but it can be altered during the configuring of the computer-assisted designing/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) restoration. However, there is controversy in the literature regarding the effect of the cement space on the precision of zirconia crown marginal adaptation. The aim of this study was to measure the vertical marginal discrepancies between different cement thickness settings for CAD-CAM monolithic zirconia restorations. Material and Methods. An artificial mandibular right molar tooth mounted on a typodont was prepared for a zirconia crown using the standard method. The study sample consisted of 30 zirconia crowns (Zenostar Zr Translucent Zirconia, Weiland Dental, Germany) milled using an (iMes-iCore) milling machine. Each group of 10 crowns was designed with 30-50 and 70 µm spacer thicknesses. The vertical marginal adaptation at the center of the four different planes (mesial, distal, buccal, and palatal) was measured under a microscope at 40x magnification. A one-way analysis of variance test was used for statistical analysis. Results. The mean of Group 30 was 27.45; of Group 50 was 22.22; and of Group 70 was 22.90. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p ≥ 0.5). Conclusions. The increase in the cement space up to 70 µm did not influence the vertical marginal adaptation of the monolithic zirconia crowns.

Microglial response to experimental periodontitis in a murine model of Alzheimer's disease.

Periodontal disease (PD) has been suggested to be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We tested the impact of ligature-induced PD on 5xFAD mice and WT littermates. At baseline, 5xFAD mice presented significant alveolar bone loss compared to WT mice. After the induction of PD, both WT and 5xFAD mice experienced alveolar bone loss. PD increased the level of Iba1-immunostained microglia in WT mice. In 5xFAD mice, PD increased the level of insoluble Aß42. The increased level in Iba1 immunostaining that parallels the accumulation of Aß in 5xFAD mice was not affected by PD except for a decrease in the dentate gyrus. Analysis of double-label fluorescent images showed a decline in Iba1 in the proximity of Aß plaques in 5xFAD mice with PD compared to those without PD suggesting a PD-induced decrease in plaque-associated microglia (PAM). PD reduced IL-6, MCP-1, GM-CSF, and IFN-γ in brains of WT mice and reduced IL-10 in 5xFAD mice. The data demonstrated that PD increases neuroinflammation in WT mice and disrupts the neuroinflammatory response in 5xFAD mice and suggest that microglia is central to the association between PD and AD.

Digital versus conventional implant impressions for partially edentulous arches: An evaluation of accuracy.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: To the authors' knowledge, while accuracy outcomes of the TRIOS scanner have been compared with conventional impressions, no available data are available regarding the accuracy of digital scans with the Omnicam and True Definition scanners versus conventional impressions for partially edentulous arches. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the accuracy of digital implant scans using 2 different intraoral scanners (IOSs) with that of conventional impressions for partially edentulous arches. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two partially edentulous mandibular casts with 2 implant analogs with a 30-degree angulation from 2 different implant systems (Replace Select RP; Nobel Biocare and Tissue level RN; Straumann) were used as controls. Sixty digital models were made from these 2 definitive casts in 6 different groups (n=10). Splinted implant-level impression procedures followed by digitization were used to produce the first 2 groups. The next 2 groups were produced by digital scanning with Omnicam. The last 2 groups were produced by digital scanning with the True Definition scanner. Accuracy was evaluated by superimposing the digital files of each test group onto the digital file of the controls with inspection software. RESULTS: The difference in 3-dimensional (3D) deviations (median ±interquartile range) among the 3 impression groups for Nobel Biocare was statistically significant among all groups (P<.001), except for the Omnicam (20 ±4 µm) and True Definition (15 ±6 µm) groups; the median ±interquartile range for the conventional group was 39 ±18 µm. The difference in 3D deviations among the 3 impression groups for Straumann was statistically significant among all groups (P=.003), except for the conventional impression (22 ±5 µm) and True Definition (17 ±5 µm) groups; the median ±interquartile range for the Omnicam group was 26 ±15 µm. The difference in 3D deviations between the 2 implant systems was significant for the Omnicam (P=.011) and conventional (P<.001) impression techniques but not for the True Definition technique (P=.247). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, both the impression technique and the implant system affected accuracy. The True Definition technique had the fewest 3D deviations compared with the other 2 techniques; however, the accuracy of all impression techniques was within clinically acceptable levels, and not all differences were statistically significant.