RESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to estimate parameters related to the population structure and genetic diversity in the Simental breed based on the pedigree information of 77,553 animals. The individual coefficients of inbreeding and average relatedness, number of complete generations, coefficient of change of inbreeding, effective size, effective number of founders, number of ancestors and generation interval were calculated. Using the Simmental cattle information, the mean inbreeding and average relatedness coefficients were 1.49% and 0.99%, respectively. The effective number of founders and ancestors was 163 and 132, respectively, and the effective population size was 48.03. Despite the relatively small inbreeding coefficient, some of the estimated population parameters indicated the need to adopt measures to maintain the genetic variability of the population.
Asunto(s)
Bovinos/genética , Variación Genética , Linaje , Animales , Femenino , Endogamia , MasculinoRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to evaluate the dimensional reduction of additive direct genetic covariance matrices in genetic evaluations of growth traits (range 100-730 days) in Simmental cattle using principal components, as well as to estimate (co)variance components and genetic parameters. Principal component analyses were conducted for five different models-one full and four reduced-rank models. Models were compared using Akaike information (AIC) and Bayesian information (BIC) criteria. Variance components and genetic parameters were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood (REML). The AIC and BIC values were similar among models. This indicated that parsimonious models could be used in genetic evaluations in Simmental cattle. The first principal component explained more than 96% of total variance in both models. Heritability estimates were higher for advanced ages and varied from 0.05 (100 days) to 0.30 (730 days). Genetic correlation estimates were similar in both models regardless of magnitude and number of principal components. The first principal component was sufficient to explain almost all genetic variance. Furthermore, genetic parameter similarities and lower computational requirements allowed for parsimonious models in genetic evaluations of growth traits in Simmental cattle.
RESUMO: Objetivou-se estudar a efetividade da redução da dimensão da matriz de covariância do efeito genético direto na avaliação genética do crescimento (pesos dos 100 aos 730 dias de idade) de bovinos Simental, por meio da análise de componentes principais, e estimar componentes de (co)variância e parâmetros genéticos. A análise de componentes principais foi realizada ajsutando-se cinco diferentes modelos: um modelo multicaracterístico padrão, de posto completo, e quatro modelos de posto reduzido. Os modelos foram comparados via informação de Akaike (AIC) e informação Bayesiana de Schwarz (BIC). Os componentes de variância e parâmetros genéticos foram obtidos via REML. Os valores de AIC e BIC para os modelos testados foram similares, indicando a possibilidade da escolha de um modelo mais parcimonioso na avaliação genética da raça Simental. O primeiro componente principal explicou mais de 96% de toda variação genética aditiva direta em ambos os modelos. Os valores de herdabilidades foram maiores em idades mais avançadas e variaram de 0,05 (peso aos 100 dias) a 0,30 (peso aos 730 dias). As estimativas de correlações genéticas foram similares em todos os modelos e apresentaram mesma magnitude e comportamento independentemente do número de componentes principais adotado. Diante dos resultados, pode-se afirmar que apenas o primeiro componente principal foi suficiente para explicar quase que na totalidade a variação genética aditiva direta existente. Além disso, a similaridade dos parâmetros genéticos estimados e a menor demanda computacional são indicativos da possibilidade da utilização de modelos mais parcimoniosos na avaliação genética de bovinos Simental.
RESUMEN
The weight records from Simmental beef cattle were used in a genetic evaluation of growth with or without the inclusion of animals obtained by embryo transfer. A multi-trait model in which embryo transfer individuals were excluded (MTM1) contained 29,510 records from 10,659 animals, while another model without exclusion of these animals (MTM2) contained 62,895 weight records from 23,160 animals. The weight records were adjusted for ages of 100, 205, 365, 450, 550 and 730 days. The (co)variance components and genetic parameters were estimated by the restricted maximum likelihood method. The (co)variance components were similar in both models, except for maternal permanent environment variance. Direct heritabilities (h(2) d) in MTM1 were 0.04, 0.11, 0.20, 0.27, 0.31 and 0.42, while in MTM2 they were 0.11, 0.11, 0.17, 0.21, 0.22 and 0.26 for 100, 205, 365, 450, 550 and 730 days of age, respectively. Estimates of h(2) d in MTM1 were higher than in MTM2 for the weight at 365 days of age. Genetic correlations between weights in both models ranged from moderate to high, suggesting that these traits may be determined mainly by the same genes. Animals from embryo transfer may be included in the genetic evaluation of Simmental beef cattle in Brazil; this inclusion may provide potential gains in accuracy and genetic gains by reducing the interval between generations.