Is Quarter of Birth a Risk Factor for Developmental Coordinator Disorder in Preschool Children?

The purpose of this study was to determine the probability that preschool children have severe motor difficulties or are at risk of motor difficulties, according to quarter of birth and gender. Five hundred and eighty-eight preschool-age children were evaluated, of which 318 (54.08%) were boys and 270 (45.92%) were girls, with a mean age of 4.66 years (SD = 0.53). The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) was used to collect the data. The results obtained were the following: Regarding students with severe motor difficulties: 6.7% born in quarter 1 (Q1); 13.3% born in the second quarter (Q2); 20.0% born in the third quarter (Q3); and 60.0% born in the fourth quarter (Q4). The probabilities found (OR) were: Q1 vs. Q2 (OR = 3.15; p < 0.05); Q1 vs. Q3 (OR = 4.68; p < 0.005); Q1 vs. Q4 (OR = 12.40; p < 0.001); Q2 vs. Q4 (OR = 4.04; p < 0.001); and Q3 vs. Q4 (OR = 2.65; p < 0.005). The adjusted ORs, with respect to the probabilities of having severe motor difficulties, were the following: Being born in Q4 is 13.03 times more likely than being born in Q1 (p < 0.001); those born in Q3 are 4.85 times more likely than those born in Q1 (p < 0.05); and those born in Q2 4.14 times more than those born in Q1 (p < 0.05). The conclusion is that children born in Q4 are more likely to be classified as children with severe difficulties compared to children born in the other quarters of the same year.

Effect of a 6-Week Physical Education Intervention on Motor Competence in Pre-School Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder.

The objective of this research was to analyze the impact of an intervention program performed by a specialist in physical education (PE) to contribute to the development of motor competence (MC) in pre-school children with motor development problems. The sample consisted of 28 children (12 from the intervention group and 16 from the control group) aged between 4.1 and 5.9 years (mean = 4.71 ± 0.54) who were in the fifth and sixth grades of pre-school education in two schools from Lugo, Spain. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) was used for data collection. The data revealed that, in the pre- and post-test intervention groups, there are statistically significant differences in manual dexterity (p < 0.001; d = 2.63), aiming and catching (p < 0.002; d = 1.13), balance (p < 0.001; d = 1.68), total test score (p < 0.001; d = 3.30) and total percentile score (p < 0.001; d = 1.88). Between the control and intervention post-test groups, significant differences were found in manual dexterity (p = 0.015; η2 = 0.22), aiming and catching (p = 0.003; η2 = 0.32), balance (p = 0.050; η2 = 0.15), total test score (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.47) and total percentile score (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.48). Based on the results obtained, a specific MC program implemented by a PE specialist contributed to the improvement of manual dexterity, aiming and catching and balance, as well as a better percentile in the general MC of pre-school children diagnosed with motor skill problems.

Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de familias de adolescentes con discapacidad cognitiva en sexualidad y afectividad / Knowledge, attitudes and practices of families of teenagers with cognitive disabilities in sexuality and affectivity

Resumen Este artículo parte de la reflexión acerca de la vulneración de derechos de las personas con discapacidad, al desconocer que la sexualidad y afectividad también son fundamentales en sus vidas y configuran el ejercicio de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos; sin embargo, se han logrado importantes avances para su reconocimiento como sujetos titulares de derechos y generado múltiples normas que reivindican su titularidad y garantía; no obstante, estudios adelantados en Colombia y en el mundo, evidencian la persistencia de barreras fundamentadas en el desconocimiento, discriminación y falsas creencias sobre dichos aspectos de las personas con discapacidad. El interés del estudio fue indagar mediante una encuesta, los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de padres, madres y cuidadores de adolescentes con discapacidad cognitiva de una institución educativa especializada de Bogotá, para que los resultados contribuyan a fortalecer capacidades de las familias y de instituciones con acciones pedagógicas que fomenten la garantía de derechos y el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de esta población.

Abstract This article starts from the reflection that there is violation of the rights of people with disabilities, not knowing that sexuality and affectivity are also fundamental in their lives and make up the exercise of Sexual and Reproductive Rights; however, significant progress has been achieved for its recognition as rights holders and generated multiple norms that claim for ownership and guarantee of them; nevertheless, advanced studies in Colombia and in the world, evidence the persistence of barriers based on lack of awareness, discrimination and false beliefs about these aspects of people with disabilities. The interest of the study was to investigate through a survey by the knowledge, attitudes and practices of parents and caregivers of teenagers with cognitive disabilities of a specialized educational institution of Bogotá so that the results contribute to strengthen the abilities of the families and the institutions with pedagogical actions that promote the guarantee of rights and the improvement of the quality of life of this population.

Análisis de los Problemas y Necesidades Educativas de las Nuevas Estructuras Familiares / Analysis of the Problems and Educational Needs of New Family Structures

El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer cuales son las preocupaciones y demandas de apoyo de familias correspondientes a diversas estructuras familiares. Se entrevistaron a 214 familias pertenecientesa 6 diferentes estructuras familiares. Los resultados muestran que las familias se preocupan por la salud desus hijos y demandan criterios educativos para afrontar el proceso de crianza. Las familias monoparentales y reconstituidas inciden en el hecho de que sus hijos han vivido procesos de conflicto. Las familias adoptivas muestran preocupación por la normalidad del desarrollo psicológico de sus hijos y demandan formación de apoyo a la adopción. Las familias homoparentales resaltan la estigmatización social que puedansufrir sus hijos. Las familias de partos múltiples señalan la elevada necesidad de recursos humanos,educativos y económicos que requiere la crianza de sus hijos. Los datos obtenidos ponen de manifiesto lanecesidad del desarrollo de políticas educativas y preventivas dirigidas a las familias (AU)

The aim of this study is to identify the concerns and support needs of several family groups corresponding to different family structures. 214 families, matching 6 different family structures, were interviewed.The results show that families are worried about their children’s health and that educational criteria are required to deal with the child-rearing process. Single and step families are worried about the factthat their children have been through processes of conflict. Adoptive families have worry about the normal psychological development of their children and require specific training to deal with the adoption process.Gay and lesbian families are concerned about the social stigma that may fall on their children. Multiple-birthfamilies are worried about the high level of human, educational and economic resources needed to raise their children. Results highlight the need to develop educational and preventive policies aimed at families (AU)

Situaciones traumáticas: un estudio sobre su prevalencia en población universitaria / Traumatic events: a prevalence study in undergraduate population

En la presente investigación se obtuvieron datos sobre la frecuencia de situaciones traumáticas en la población de estudiantes universitarios. Fueron evaluados un total de 1507 participantes de los cuales 533 (35,4%) fueron varones y 974 (64,6%) mujeres, con una edad media de 21,08 años. Se utilizó el Listado de Situaciones Estresantes y Traumáticas y la Evaluación de Trauma para Adultos (TAA) Revisada. Los resultados indicaron que las situaciones traumáticas más frecuentes fueron las muertes, enfermedades, accidentes de tráfico, desastres naturales o peleas. La frecuencia de situaciones traumáticas en varones y mujeres fue similar, aunque se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la ocurrencia de situaciones traumáticas concretas en relación con el sexo. Los resultados en el ámbito de la revictimización indicaron que las víctimas de maltrato infantil, abuso sexual infantil y testigo de violencia familiar están en situación de riesgo de ser víctimas de las mismas u otras situaciones traumáticas. El estudio aporta datos sobre la prevalencia del trauma y la revictimización

This study presents data on frequency of traumatic events obtained in an undergraduate student population. A sample of 1507 subjects was assessed, 533 (35.4%) were male and 974 (64.6%) female with a mean age of 21.08 years of age. The Checklist of Stressful and Traumatic Events and the Revised version of the Trauma Assessment for Adults (TAA) were used. The results show that the most frequent traumatic events were deaths, illnesses, traffic accidents, natural disasters or fights. The frequency of traumatic events in males and females was the same, but significant differences were found in the occurrence of specific traumatic events related to gender. Results related to revictimization indicated that victims of childhood maltreatment, childhood sexual abuse and family violence witness were at risk of suffer the same or other traumatic events. The study also provides data on trauma prevalence and revictimization

Trastorno por estrés postraumatico en víctimas de situaciones traumáticas / Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in traumatic events victims

En la presente investigación se obtuvieron datos sobre la frecuencia de los síntomas del Trastorno por Estrés Postraumático (TEPT), género de las víctimas, edad, tipo de trauma sufrido y otros diagnósticos psicopatológicos asociados en una muestra de 274 sujetos (77 varones y 197 mujeres), que fueron víctimas de una situación traumática grave. Se utilizó el Listado de situaciones traumáticas y estresantes, la Evaluación de Trauma para Adultos (TAA) Revisada, la Entrevista Estructurada para TEPT (SIP), el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI) y el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo (STAI). Los resultados indicaron que el 28.8 por ciento de los sujetos evaluados cumplió los criterios del TEPT y las mujeres fueron diagnosticadas de TEPT en una proporción mayor que los varones. Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el cumplimiento de los criterios de diagnóstico del TEPT con relación al tipo de trauma sufrido y a la sintomatología en depresión y ansiedad (AU)

The present study obtained data on frequency of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms, victims gender, age, type of trauma and diagnostic comorbidity in a sample of 274 subjects (77 male and 197 female), victims of a severe traumatic event. Checklist of Stressful and Traumatic Events, Trauma Assessment for Adults (TAA) Revised, Structured Interview for PTSD (SIP), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used. Results indicated 28% of the subjects met criteria for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and females were more likely than males to receive the PTSD classification. Significant differences were found in the PTSD diagnoses related to type of traumatic event and depression and anxiety sintomatology (AU)