Implementation and assessment of a fast-track programme to improve communication between primary and specialized care in patients with suspected cancer: how to shorten time between initial symptoms of cancer, diagnosis and initiation of treatment

Purpose. This study aims to asses a cancer fast-track programme (CFP) to shorten the time since a patient with suspicion of cancer is referred by the primary care (PC) physician to the specialized medical team. Methods. Guidelines for main suspected tumours were designed to help PC physicians to detect and rapidly refer cases to the CFP oncology coordinator, who sent them to the appropriate department to accelerate diagnosis, staging and therapy. All patients analysed in this report were referred from June 2009 to July 2012. Results. A total of 897 suspected cancer cases were submitted and finally 705 were studied. In 205 (29 %) a cancer diagnosis was confirmed within 23 days (median). Therapy was initiated within 46 days after referral (median). Early diagnoses with a potential curative approach were made in 166 (82 %). Conclusions. This CFP decreased the waiting time for cancer diagnosis, by improving communication between PC physician and specialized care teams. Most patients included in this program could get therapy with curative intent (AU)

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Implementation and assessment of a fast-track programme to improve communication between primary and specialized care in patients with suspected cancer: how to shorten time between initial symptoms of cancer, diagnosis and initiation of treatment.

PURPOSE: This study aims to asses a cancer fast-track programme (CFP) to shorten the time since a patient with suspicion of cancer is referred by the primary care (PC) physician to the specialized medical team. METHODS: Guidelines for main suspected tumours were designed to help PC physicians to detect and rapidly refer cases to the CFP oncology coordinator, who sent them to the appropriate department to accelerate diagnosis, staging and therapy. All patients analysed in this report were referred from June 2009 to July 2012. RESULTS: A total of 897 suspected cancer cases were submitted and finally 705 were studied. In 205 (29 %) a cancer diagnosis was confirmed within 23 days (median). Therapy was initiated within 46 days after referral (median). Early diagnoses with a potential curative approach were made in 166 (82 %). CONCLUSIONS: This CFP decreased the waiting time for cancer diagnosis, by improving communication between PC physician and specialized care teams. Most patients included in this program could get therapy with curative intent.

Consenso sobre la biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela en el cáncer de mama. Revisión 2013 de la Sociedad Española de Senología y Patología Mamaria / Consensus on sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer. Review of the Spanish Society of Senology and Breast Pathology 2013

La biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela es una técnica diagnóstica aceptada como el procedimiento de elección para la estadificación axilar del cáncer de mama. En este documento, correspondiente a la última Reunión de Consenso celebrada en Valencia y organizada por la Sociedad Española de Senología y Patología Mamaria, se actualizan los consensos previos y se reflejan las conclusiones acerca de las últimas propuestas en el manejo del ganglio centinela en el cáncer de mama (AU)

Sentinel lymph node biopsy is currently a widely accepted diagnostic technique and is the procedure of choice for axillary staging of breast cancer. In this article, following the latest Consensus Meeting held in Valencia organized by the Spanish Society of Senology and Breast Pathology, previous consensus are updated. Also discussed are conclusions related to the latest trends in the management of the sentinel node in breast cancer (AU)

Consenso sobre la biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela en el cáncer de mama. Revisión 2013 de la Sociedad Española de Senología y Patología Mamaria / Consensus on sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer. Review of the Spanish Society of Senology and Breast Pathology 2013

La biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela es una técnica diagnóstica aceptada como el procedimiento de elección para la estadificación axilar del cáncer de mama. En este documento, correspondiente a la última Reunión de Consenso celebrada en Valencia y organizada por la Sociedad Española de Senología y Patología Mamaria, se actualizan los consensos previos y se reflejan las conclusiones acerca de las últimas propuestas en el manejo del ganglio centinela en el cáncer de mama

Sentinel lymph node biopsy is currently a widely accepted diagnostic technique and is the procedure of choice for axillary staging of breast cancer. In this article, following the latest Consensus Meeting held in Valencia organized by the Spanish Society of Senology and Breast Pathology, previous consensus are updated. Also discussed are conclusions related to the latest trends in the management of the sentinel node in breast cancer

Factors associated with health-related quality of life in a cohort of Spanish breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Several factors can modify health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of breast cancer survivors. The objective of the current study was to analyse the associations between HRQOL scores 1 year after breast cancer surgery and sociodemographic and clinical factors. METHODS: This was an observational, multicentre and prospective study of a cohort of patients who underwent oncological breast cancer surgery and which was followed up for 1 year. The HRQOL was assessed at 1 year after surgery using three questionnaires: EuroQol-5D, EORTC QLQ-C30 and its breast-specific module BR-23. RESULTS: A total of 364 patients participated in the study. Some factors were associated with better HRQOL 1 year after surgery: age between 60 and 69 years and under 50 years, being single or a housewife, stage I-II, invasive papillary carcinoma, breast-conserving surgery (BCS) or lack of axillary dissection. However, only the following were independent predictive factors: being single or a housewife, BCS, invasive papillary carcinoma, coming from an outpatient clinic or not receiving radiotherapy. Further, some factors were independent predictors of a worse HRQOL: age over 70 years, being married, separated or widowed, stage III or not receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Demographic and clinical factors can influence HRQOL, some of them independently.

¿Mejora la cirugía mamaria la supervivencia del cáncer oculto de mama? / Does surgery improve survival in occult breast cancer?

Introducción. El cáncer oculto de mama (COM), con una incidencia del 0,3-1%, aún plantea retos diagnósticos y terapéuticos. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar las características patológicas de nuestra serie de COM, evaluar los resultados de las técnicas diagnósticas y terapéuticas empleadas (cirugía mamaria con linfadenectomía axilar o solo linfadenectomía axilar) y la supervivencia global. Pacientes y métodos. Análisis retrospectivo de 21 pacientes con metástasis ganglionares de cáncer mamario con mamografía y ecografía mamaria negativas. Desde 2003 se incluyó la resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) en el protocolo de estudio. Se valoró la supervivencia en 2 grupos; grupo A: pacientes con COM tratadas con cirugía mamaria (15 casos), bien mastectomía radical (10 pacientes) bien cirugía conservadora (5 casos), y grupo B: 4 pacientes tratadas quirúrgicamente con linfadenectomía axilar niveles i y ii de Berg. Se asoció radioterapia sobre la mama tras cirugía conservadora (50 Gy) y sobre la axila si > 3 adenopatías axilares tumorales. Resultados. En 9 pacientes (7 de las mastectomías y 2 de las cirugías conservadoras) se identificó histológicamente un carcinoma de mama, de tipo ductal infiltrante en 8 casos y un carcinoma medular. La RMN (6 casos) demostró en 2 pacientes tumor mamario con confirmación histológica de carcinoma. Con una mediana de seguimiento de 87 meses, la supervivencia global fue de 101,2 meses (rango: 12-235 meses) con una supervivencia a 5 años del 69%. La supervivencia media en el grupo A fue de 120 meses, superior a los 41 meses del grupo B (p = 0,05). Conclusiones. En nuestra serie el tratamiento quirúrgico sobre la mama mejora la supervivencia global respecto al grupo tratado solo con linfadenectomía axilar. La RMN ha sido útil para evidenciar nódulos tumorales ante un supuesto COM y permite seleccionar a pacientes para realizar cirugía conservadora de la mama(AU)

Introduction. Occult breast cancer (OBC) has an incidence of 0.3-1% but nevertheless represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The aim of our study was to determine the pathologic characteristics of patients in our OBC series, compare the results of the different diagnostic and therapeutic techniques available (breast surgery with axillary lymphadenectomy or axillary lymphadenectomy alone), and overall survival. Patients and methods. A retrospective analysis was carried out in 21 patients with axillary lymph node metastases and negative mammography and breast ultrasonography. From 2003 onward, our group included magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the study protocol of OBC. Overall survival was determined and 2 groups were compared: Group A consisted of patients with OBC treated with breast surgery (n = 15), either with radical breast mastectomy (n = 10) or breast-conserving surgery (n = 5); and group B consisted of patients (n = 4) treated surgically with Berg level i or ii axillary lymphadenectomy. We added breast radiotherapy (50 Gy) in patients treated with breast-conserving therapy and axillary radiotherapy when there were more than 3 metastatic axillary nodes. Results. In 9 patients (7 mastectomies, 2 breast-conserving interventions), one breast carcinoma, 8 infiltrating ductal carcinomas and one medullar carcinoma were identified by histology. Two breast carcinomas were detected by MRI in 6 patients, which were later confirmed by histologic study. The median follow-up was 87 months, with an overall survival of 101.2 months (range: 12-235 months) and a 5-year survival of 69%. The mean survival was 120 months in group A and 41 months in group B (P = .05). Conclusions. In our series, surgical treatment of OBC improved overall survival compared with lymphadenectomy alone. MRI was useful in the identification of malignant tumors in suspected OBC and allowed patient selection for breast-conserving surgery(AU)

Evolution of Health-Related Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients during the First Year of Follow-Up.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to describe the evolution of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a cohort of breast cancer patients over 1 year after surgery and to analyse the predictive ability of HRQOL measurement instruments. METHODS: Observational, multicenter and prospective study of a cohort of breast cancer patients, assessing HRQOL at 1, 6, and 12 months after surgery using three questionnaires: EuroQol-5D-3L, EORTC QLQ-C30, and EORTC QLQ-BR23. RESULTS: A total of 364 women participated in the study. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores from the EuroQol improved (1 month vs. 1 year: 70 vs. 80; p<0.0001); however, the EuroQol score showed no significant change (0.81 vs. 0.83; p=0.1323). In contrast, Global Health Status on the EORTC QLQ-C30 improved (66.67 vs. 100.00; p<0.0001), as did all of this instrument's scales and most of its independent items. The EORTC QLQ-BR23 dimensions showed improvement, except for sexual functioning (100.00 vs. 86.67; p=0.0030) and future perspective (33.33 vs. 66.67; p<0.0001). Patients with good HRQOL outcomes at 1 month showed improved levels of HRQOL at 1 year; HRQOL measured at 1 month was predictive of HRQOL at 1 year. CONCLUSION: HRQOL improved during the follow-up period. Likewise, HRQOL measurement instruments can predict early HRQOL.

Evolution of Health-Related Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients during the First Year of Follow-Up / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to describe the evolution of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a cohort of breast cancer patients over 1 year after surgery and to analyse the predictive ability of HRQOL measurement instruments. METHODS: Observational, multicenter and prospective study of a cohort of breast cancer patients, assessing HRQOL at 1, 6, and 12 months after surgery using three questionnaires: EuroQol-5D-3L, EORTC QLQ-C30, and EORTC QLQ-BR23. RESULTS: A total of 364 women participated in the study. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores from the EuroQol improved (1 month vs. 1 year: 70 vs. 80; p<0.0001); however, the EuroQol score showed no significant change (0.81 vs. 0.83; p=0.1323). In contrast, Global Health Status on the EORTC QLQ-C30 improved (66.67 vs. 100.00; p<0.0001), as did all of this instrument's scales and most of its independent items. The EORTC QLQ-BR23 dimensions showed improvement, except for sexual functioning (100.00 vs. 86.67; p=0.0030) and future perspective (33.33 vs. 66.67; p<0.0001). Patients with good HRQOL outcomes at 1 month showed improved levels of HRQOL at 1 year; HRQOL measured at 1 month was predictive of HRQOL at 1 year. CONCLUSION: HRQOL improved during the follow-up period. Likewise, HRQOL measurement instruments can predict early HRQOL.

Cáncer de mama y embarazo. Análisis de una serie de 27 pacientes / Breast cancer and pregnancy. Analysis of a series of 27 patients

Objetivo: Realizar un análisis descriptivo de la serie de pacientes con cáncer de mama (CM) y embarazo diagnosticadas en nuestro centro en relación con los métodos terapéuticos empleados y supervivencia global de la serie. Pacientes y métodos: Entre 1982 y 2009, de 5.906 pacientes diagnosticadas de CM, se trató a 27 pacientes con CM y embarazo (0,46%). Analizamos las características clínicas y anatomopatológicas, el diagnóstico, los tratamientos y la evolución de estas pacientes en nuestro centro. Resultados: La edad media al diagnóstico fue de 35 años. Durante la gestación se diagnosticó a 21 pacientes y en el posparto, a 6. El retraso medio diagnóstico desde el inicio de los síntomas fue de 4 meses. Respecto al perfil inmunohistoquímico determinado en 19 pacientes, 5 (26%) eran receptor 2 de factor de crecimiento epidérmico humano (HER2) positivo; otros 5 (26%), triple negativo; 3, luminal A, y en las 6 restantes, luminal B. Al diagnóstico, se clasificó a 5, 9, 11 y 2 pacientes en estadio I, II, III y IV, respectivamente. Histológicamente, 21 (78%) eran carcinomas ductales infiltrantes; 11 (41%), de alto grado histológico, y 4 casos (15%) presentaron características de carcinoma tipo inflamatorio al diagnóstico. Se pautó quimioterapia neoadyuvante en 16 pacientes (59%), sin que se detectaran complicaciones fetales. Se operó a todas las pacientes, y se realizó mastectomía radical modificada en 24 (89%), así como cirugía conservadora en 3. Con un tiempo medio de seguimiento de 60 meses, la supervivencia global fue del 70%. Cuatro pacientes (15%) presentaron recaída local y 13 (48%), recaída sistémica. Conclusiones: El carcinoma de mama durante el embarazo se asocia con un retraso diagnóstico, estadios avanzados y grados histológicos altos. El tratamiento quirúrgico conlleva un alto porcentaje de mastectomías radicales. La quimioterapia no produjo efectos adversos en el feto tras el primer trimestre de gestación. El pronóstico de CM durante el embarazo es similar al de las pacientes no gestantes de la misma edad y estadio tumoral (AU)

Objective: To perform a descriptive analysis of patients with breast cancer (BC) and pregnancy diagnosed in our centre, as regards the therapeutic methods used and the overall survival of the series. Patients and methods: Between 1982-2009, 5906 patients were diagnosed with BC, of whom 27 (0.46%) were treated for pregnancy-associated BC. We analysed the characteristics, diagnosis, treatments and outcome of these patients in our centre. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 35 years. Twenty-one patients were diagnosed during pregnancy and six of them in the post-partum period. The mean diagnostic delay from the onset of symptoms was four months. In the immunohistochemical profile performed in 19 patients, 5 (26%) were HER2, 5 (26%) were triple-negative, luminal A in three patients, and luminal B in the other 6 cases. At diagnosis, 5, 9, 11 and 2 patients were classified into stages I, II, III and IV, respectively. Histologically, 21 (78%) were infiltrating ductal carcinomas, 11 (41%) were high grade carcinomas and 4 (15%) were inflammatory carcinomas at diagnosis. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was prescribed in 16 patients (59%), with no foetal complications detected. All patients underwent surgery; 24 (89%) had modified radical mastectomy while three had conservative surgery. The mean follow-up time was 60 months, in which the overall survival was 70%. Four patients (15%) had local recurrence and 13 (48%) had systemic recurrence. Conclusions: Breast carcinoma during pregnancy is associated with diagnostic delay, advanced stages and high histological grades. Surgical treatment involves a high percentage of radical mastectomies. Chemotherapy did not produce adverse effects in the foetus after the first trimester. The prognosis for BC during pregnancy is similar to that of non-pregnant patients of the same age and tumour stage(AU)

Removal of primary tumor improves survival in metastatic breast cancer. Does timing of surgery influence outcomes?

BACKGROUND: Resection of intact primary tumor is controversial in metastatic breast cancer patients. The aim of this study is to review the impact of surgical resection of primary tumor on overall survival and to assess the role of timing of surgery on survival rates. METHODS: 208 patients with metastatic breast cancer diagnosed between 1982 and 2005 in the Hospital Clinico of Valencia (Spain) were analysed. Exclusion criteria were age >80, PS 3-4, Charlson score 3 or follow-up < 90 days. 123 of these underwent surgery and 85 did not. In order to assess the role of timing, the "surgery" cohort was divided into two sub-groups: "before" (n = 78) or "after" (n = 45) diagnosis of disseminated disease. RESULTS: In the surgery group, patients underwent mastectomy with axillary dissection (82.9%), without axillary dissection (8.9%) and conservative surgery (8.1%). After a median follow-up of 29.68 months, median OS in the "surgery" and the "non-surgery" groups were, 40.4 and 24.3 months. Removal of the primary tumor therefore had a significant positive impact on survival rates (p < 0.001). Benefits of surgery were observed mainly in patients with visceral disease (p = 0.005); no statistical differences were found in those with bone disease (p = 0.79). Univariate analysis for overall survival (OS) identified surgery, performance status, clinical T stage, hormone receptors and number and type of metastases as variables that impacted on survival. In the multivariate test, only resection of primary tumor and estrogen receptors maintained statistical significance, surgery having a protective effect with an HR 0.52 (95% CI 0.35-0.77). No differences in survival were found between the two sub-groups according to the timing of surgery: "before" vs "after"(p = 0.996). CONCLUSIONS: Resection of primary tumor should be considered not only as a palliative or preventive strategy but also as an approach that possibly contributes to the control of the disease in selected patients.

Análisis del síndrome de vejiga hiperactiva y de la incontinencia urinaria en mujeres laboralmente activas entre 25–64 años. Estudio EPICC / Analysis of overactive bladder and urinary incontinence in working women aged between 25 and 64 years. EPICC study

Introducción: Los síntomas urinarios de vejiga hiperactiva (VH) e incontinencia urinaria (IU) tienen un elevado impacto personal y económico. Este trabajo se centra en el análisis detallado de VH e IU (sintomatología derivada, hábitos de consulta y consumo de recursos) en una muestra de mujeres laboralmente activas de 25–64 años. Material y métodos: Trabajo enmarcado en el Estudio EPICC de la Asociación española de urología (epidemiológico, observacional, multicéntrico, ámbito nacional) y centrado en el análisis detallado de la muestra de mujeres laboralmente activas de 25–64 años (N=3090) y del subgrupo de mujeres con VH y/o IU (N=307). Resultados: El 4,01% de la muestra presentó únicamente IU, el 2,69% únicamente VH y el 3,24% ambas patologías. Se observó asociación entre la presencia de IU y/o VH e infecciones urinarias frecuentes, hipertensión y diabetes. En la muestra de sujetos con IU y/o VH el 28,01% tenía problemas para retener orina y el 16,94% tenía pérdidas diarias; el 27,36% sufría diariamente deseos incontrolables de orinar; el 57,65% no había consultado al médico, el 35,40% había consultado al especialista, el 23,13% deseaba consultar al especialista en incontinencia; el 28,01% había recibido tratamiento, de ellas al 55,81% se les prescribió fisioterapia y al 25,58% tratamiento farmacológico. Conclusión: Se presentan datos sobre presencia de VH y IU en mujeres laboralmente activas de 25–64 años y sobre la magnitud de las afecciones y uso de recursos sanitarios en sujetos con IU y/o VH, a fin de contribuir al mejor diagnóstico de estos trastornos y manejo de pacientes y recursos (AU)

Introduction: Urinary symptoms Overactive Bladder (OAB) and Urinary Incontinence (UI) result in an important personal and economic impact. This work concentrates on the detailed analysis of OAB and UI (derived symptoms and tendencies in medical consultation and resource consumption), in a sample of working women aged 25–64. Material and Methods: Study within the framework of the EPICC study of the Spanish Association of Urology (epidemiologic, observational, multicentric, national study) and concentrates on the detailed analysis of the characteristics of the sample of working women aged 25–64 (N=3090) and of the subgroup of individuals with VH and/or IU (N=307).Results4.01% of the subjects presented UI alone, 2.69% OAB alone, 3.24% presented both pathologies. There exists association between UI and/or VH presence and frequent urinary infections, hypertension and diabetes. Taking into account individuals with UI and/or OAB, 28.01% had problems to retain urine, and 16.94% suffered leakage daily; 27.36% suffered uncontrollable urge to urinate daily; 57.65% had never sought medical advice, 35.40% had visited an specialist, 23.13% would like to visit an specialist in incontinence; 28.01% had received treatment, from which 55.81% had received physiotherapy and 25.58% pharmacologic treatment. Conclusion: In this study, specific data about VH and IU in working women aged 25–64 are presented, including those referring to the magnitude of these conditions and use of sanitary resources in subjects with UI and/or OAB, aiming at contributing to a better diagnose and handling of patients and resources (AU)

[Analysis of overactive bladder and urinary incontinence in males in the age range between 50 and 65 years. EPICC study]. / Análisis del síndrome de vejiga hiperactiva y de la incontinencia urinaria en varones en la franja de edad de los 50 a los 65 años. Estudio EPICC.

INTRODUCTION: The Overactive Bladder syndrome (OAB) and Urinary Incontinence (UI) result in an important personal and economic impact. This work concentrates on the detailed analysis of OAB and UI (derived symptoms and tendencies in medical consultation and resource consumption), in a sample of working men aged 50-65. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study is within the framework of the EPICC study of the Spanish Association of Urology (epidemiologic, observational, multicentric, national study) and concentrates on the detailed analysis of the characteristics of the sample of working men aged 50-65 (N

[Analysis of overactive bladder and urinary incontinence in working women aged between 25 and 64 years. EPICC study]. / Análisis del síndrome de vejiga hiperactiva y de la incontinencia urinaria en mujeres laboralmente activas entre 25-64 años. Estudio EPICC.

INTRODUCTION: Urinary symptoms Overactive Bladder (OAB) and Urinary Incontinence (UI) result in an important personal and economic impact. This work concentrates on the detailed analysis of OAB and UI (derived symptoms and tendencies in medical consultation and resource consumption), in a sample of working women aged 25-64. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Study within the framework of the EPICC study of the Spanish Association of Urology (epidemiologic, observational, multicentric, national study) and concentrates on the detailed analysis of the characteristics of the sample of working women aged 25-64 (N=3090) and of the subgroup of individuals with VH and/or IU (N=307). RESULTS: 4.01% of the subjects presented UI alone, 2.69% OAB alone, 3.24% presented both pathologies. There exists association between UI and/or VH presence and frequent urinary infections, hypertension and diabetes. Taking into account individuals with UI and/or OAB, 28.01% had problems to retain urine, and 16.94% suffered leakage daily; 27.36% suffered uncontrollable urge to urinate daily; 57.65% had never sought medical advice, 35.40% had visited an specialist, 23.13% would like to visit an specialist in incontinence; 28.01% had received treatment, from which 55.81% had received physiotherapy and 25.58% pharmacologic treatment. CONCLUSION: In this study, specific data about VH and IU in working women aged 25-64 are presented, including those referring to the magnitude of these conditions and use of sanitary resources in subjects with UI and/or OAB, aiming at contributing to a better diagnose and handling of patients and resources.

Análisis del síndrome de vejiga hiperactiva y de la incontinencia urinaria en varones en la franja de edad de los 50 a los 65 años. Estudio EPICC / Analysis of overactive bladder and urinary incontinence in males in the age range between 50 and 65 years. EPICC study

Introducción: El síndrome de Vejiga Hiperactiva (VH) y la Incontinencia Urinaria (IU) tienen un elevado impacto tanto personal como económico. Este trabajo se centra en el análisis detallado de la VH y la IU (sintomatología derivada y tendencias en consulta y consumo de recursos) en una muestra de varones laboralmente activos de entre 50 y 65 años. Material y métodos: El presente trabajo se enmarca en Estudio EPICC de la Asociación Española de Urología (estudio epidemiológico, observacional, multicéntrico y de ámbito nacional) y se centra en el análisis detallado de las características de la muestra de varones laboralmente activos, con edades comprendidas entre los 50–65 años (N=1071) y del subgrupo de sujetos con VH y/o IU (N=55). Resultados: El 0,56% de la muestra presentó IU, el 3,55% VH y el 1,03% ambas patologías. En la muestra de sujetos con IU y/o VH el 45,45% tiene problemas para retener orina y el 16,36% tiene pérdidas a diario; el 45,45% sufre deseos incontrolables de orinar diariamente; el 23,64% no ha consultado al médico, el 65,45% ha consultado al urólogo, el 14,55% desea consultar al especialista en incontinencia; el 40% ha recibido tratamiento, de ellos el 81,82% recibió tratamiento farmacológico. Conclusión: Se presentan datos específicos sobre presencia de VH y IU en la muestra especificada y sobre la magnitud de las afecciones y uso de recursos sanitarios en sujetos con IU y/o VH, con el fin de contribuir a un mejor diagnóstico de estos trastornos y manejo de pacientes y recursos (AU)

Introduction: The Overactive Bladder syndrome (OAB) and Urinary Incontinence (UI) result in an important personal and economic impact. This work concentrates on the detailed analysis of OAB and UI (derived symptoms and tendencies in medical consultation and resource consumption), in a sample of working men aged 50-65. Material and methods: This study is within the framework of the EPICC study of the Spanish Association of Urology (epidemiologic, observational, multicentric, national study) and concentrates on the detailed analysis of the characteristics of the sample of working men aged 50–65 (N=1071) and of the subgroup of individuals with VH and/or IU (N=55). Results: 0.56% of the subjects presented UI, 3.55% OAB, 1.03% presented both pathologies. Taking into account those individuals with UI and/or OAB, 45.45% had problems to retain urine, and 16.36% suffered leakage daily; 45.45% suffered uncontrollable urge to urinate daily; 23.64% had never sought medical advice, 65.45% had visited an urologist, 14.55% would like to visit an specialist in incontinence; 40% had received treatment, from which 81.82 had received pharmacologic treatment. Conclusion: In this study, specific data about VH and IU in the reported sample are presented, including those referring to the magnitude of these conditions and use of sanitary resources in subjects with UI and/or OAB, aiming at contributing to a better diagnose and handling of patients and resources (AU)

La enuresis nocturna. Un trastorno frecuente con una prevalencia difícil de estimar / Nocturnal enuresis. A frequent problem with a difficult estimation of its prevalence

Introducción: La enuresis nocturna es un trastorno con un interés histórico mantenido, no solo en cuanto a su patogenia, probablemente multifactorial pero todavía hoy desconocida, sino también en cuanto a su frecuencia. Objetivo: Nos planteamos revisar la literatura médica al respecto para conocer la problemática en el cálculo de su casuística. Material y método: Realizamos una búsqueda en la base de datos PubMed, mediante los términos Mesh «enuresis», «nocturnal enuresis» y «bedwetting», e incluimos en el cuadro de búsqueda los términos «epidemiology OR prevalence». Incluimos todos los trabajos en lengua inglesa o española. Seleccionamos los trabajos con una muestra mayor de 1.000 pacientes, e incluimos estos y los artículos de revisión. Procedemos al análisis de la metodología empleada por los grupos más relevantes, así como los resultados globales de frecuencia; además, cuando es posible, estratificamos los resultados por edad, sexo y frecuencia de los escapes. Resultados: La metodología de los trabajos analizados es heterogénea y las comparaciones se hacen, por tanto, difíciles. La prevalencia global es difícil de estimar y dar resultados globales carece de interés pues para interpretarlos es necesario pormenorizar la metodología, la muestra y los criterios diagnósticos. Conclusiones: Se hace necesario un estudio epidemiológico propio que resuelva nuestra problemática (AU)

Introduction: Nocturnal enuresis is a disorder with a maintained historical interest. Not only the multifactorial etiopathology, also its prevalence. Objective: We consider reviewing the literature for knowing the problematic in the calculation of the prevalence of this disease. Material and method: We searched in Pubmed database with Mesh terms: “Enuresis”, “Nocturnal Enuresis”, we added in the search box terms bedwetting and epidemiology or prevalence. We included manuscripts in English and Spanish with more than 1000 patients as sample, we also included review papers. We analyzed the methodology and the prevalence, when it was possible, we stratified results in age, sex and the frequency of wet nights. Conclusions: An own epidemiology study is necessary in order to solve our problematic (AU)

[Impact of urinary incontinence and overactive bladder syndrome on health-related quality of life of working middle-aged patients and institutionalized elderly patients]. / Impacto de la incontinencia urinaria y del síndrome de vejiga hiperactiva en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de pacientes de mediana edad laboralmente activos y mayores de 65 años institucionalizados.

INTRODUCTION: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is considered by patients with urinary symptoms as the main outcome variable. Descriptive data about HRQoL in patients with urinary incontinence (UI) and/or overactive bladder (OAB) are reported. These data may serve as a reference for comparison purposes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were taken from EPICC, a national, multicenter, observational, epidemiological study. Data from representative samples of four population groups were analyzed: working patients of both sexes aged 50-64 years, and institutionalized elderly patients of both sexes with no cognitive impairment. In addition to demographic and clinical data, HRQoL data from the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB-q SF) and the SF-12 Health Survey were also analyzed. RESULTS: Of the total patients in the EPICC study, 26.53% completed the HRQoL questionnaires. Patients with both UI and OAB symptoms had poorer scores than those with OAB or UI respectively in the PCS (41.34 vs. 47.17 and 45) and MCS (46.01 vs. 49.04 and 47.78) of the SF-12, and in the symptom (32.21 vs. 19.19 and 16.65) and quality of life (82.32 vs. 86.72 and 89.45) dimensions of the OAB-q SF. Impact of OAB and UI on HRQoL was higher in men over 65 years of age as compared to women of the same age (76.76 vs. 82.79). CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent symptoms of both UI and VH have a greater impact on HRQoL than those of either UI or VH alone. Impact on HRQoL is similar in middle-aged men and women, but higher in elderly men.

Impacto de la incontinencia urinaria y del síndrome de vejiga hiperactiva en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de pacientes de mediana edad laboralmente activos y mayores de 65 años institucionalizados / Impact of urinary incontinence and overactive bladder syndrome on health-related quality of life of working middle-aged patients and institutionalized elderly patients

Introducción: La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) es considerada por los pacientes con síntomas urinarios como el principal indicador de resultados. Se presentan datos descriptivos de la CVRS de sujetos con incontinencia urinaria (IU) y/o vejiga hiperactiva (VH), que servirán de marco de referencia poblacional para comparaciones. Material y métodos: Datos extraídos del estudio EPICC, estudio epidemiológico, observacional, multicéntrico y de ámbito nacional. Se analizaron los datos de muestras representativas de cuatro grupos de la población: mujeres y varones de entre 50–64 años, laboralmente activos, y mujeres y varones mayores de 65 años, institucionalizados, con nivel cognitivo conservado. Además de datos sociodemográficos y clínicos, se analizaron los datos de los cuestionarios de CVRS: cuestionario sobre vejiga hiperactiva OAB-q SF y cuestionario de salud SF-12. Resultados: Del total de incluidos en el estudio EPICC, el 26,53% respondió los cuestionarios de CVRS. Los pacientes que presentaban síntomas de VH y de IU, respecto de los que tenían síntomas de VH o de IU, tuvieron peores puntuaciones en la dimensión física del cuestionario de salud SF-12 (41,34 vs. 47,17 y 45) y en la dimensión mental del cuestionario de salud SF-12 (46,01 vs. 49,04 y 47,78) y en síntomas (32,21 vs. 19,19 y 16,65) y calidad de vida (82,32 vs. 86,72 y 89,45) del OAB-q SF. El impacto de la VH y la IU sobre la CVRS fue superior en varones de más de 65 años respecto a las mujeres de la misma edad (76,76 vs. 82,79). Conclusiones: La presentación conjunta de síntomas de VH y de IU ocasiona mayor impacto en la CVRS que la presentación aislada de VH o IU. El impacto sobre la CVRS es similar en varones y mujeres en la mediana edad pero superior en varones de más de 65 años (AU)

Introduction: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is considered by patients with urinary symptoms as the main outcome variable. Descriptive data about HRQoL in patients with urinary incontinence (UI) and/or overactive bladder (OAB) are reported. These data may serve as a reference for comparison purposes. Materials and methods: Data were taken from EPICC, a national, multicenter, observational, epidemiological study. Data from representative samples of four population groups were analyzed: working patients of both sexes aged 50-64 years, and institutionalized elderly patients of both sexes with no cognitive impairment. In addition to demographic and clinical data, HRQoL data from the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB-q SF) and the SF-12 Health Survey were also analyzed. Results: Of the total patients in the EPICC study, 26.53% completed the HRQoL questionnaires. Patients with both UI and OAB symptoms had poorer scores than those with OAB or UI respectively in the PCS (41.34 vs. 47.17 and 45) and MCS (46.01 vs. 49.04 and 47.78) of the SF-12, and in the symptom (32.21 vs. 19.19 and 16.65) and quality of life (82.32 vs. 86.72 and 89.45) dimensions of the OAB-q SF. Impact of OAB and UI on HRQoL was higher in men over 65 years of age as compared to women of the same age (76.76 vs. 82.79). Conclusions: Concurrent symptoms of both UI and VH have a greater impact on HRQoL than those of either UI or VH alone. Impact on HRQoL is similar in middle-aged men and women, but higher in elderly men (AU)

[Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in the Valencian Community. Pediatric section of the National Incontinence Survey. The EPICC Study]. / Prevalencia de la enuresis nocturna en la Comunidad Valenciana. Sección infantil del estudio nacional de incontinencia. Estudio EPICC.

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the prevalence of enuresis among primary school children in Spain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multicenter, observational, cross-sectional, epidemiologic, regional study. After sample size calculation, a total of 1687 questionnaires were sent to schools. Nocturnal enuresis was defined as <>. RESULTS: The prevalence of enuresis found in primary school children aged 6-11 years was 7.8%, decrease with age, and was significantly greater in boys (70%). Children without enuresis were taller and had a greater weight than those with enuresis, but the differences were not statistically significant. No differences were found in the family or educational setting between children with and without enuresis. Seventy-three percent of children with enuresis had a family history of the condition. The disorder also occurred in some sibling of 21% of children with enuresis who had siblings. Fifty-five percent of the bedwetting population had primary enuresis. Thirty-one percent of children with enuresis reported losses every night, 38% at least once a week, and 31% at least once a month. Eighty-seven percent of this population was under treatment for this condition. As regards subjective symptoms, 96.9% said they felt fine, but there were more bedwetting children who reported feeling a little bit uncomfortable (76.7% vs 23.1%; P=.004). CONCLUSIONS: Enuresis is a common disorder which is significantly more frequent in boys as compared to girls and whose prevalence decreases with age. It has a significant hereditary component. Most enuresis sufferers take measures against urine losses.