Biology, Population Fluctuation, and Foliar Consumption Rate of Durrantia arcanella Busk, 1912 (Lepidoptera: Depressariidae), a Defoliator of Oil Palm in the Colombian Caribbean.

Durrantia arcanella is a recurring pest insect of oil palm in Colombia. Because the biology and ecology of D. arcanella are unknown, it was proposed to determine the life cycle and foliar consumption under laboratory conditions. Furthermore, through sequential sampling for two and a half years, its population fluctuation and natural enemies were determined in Agustín Codazzi and El Copey (Cesar, Colombia). Also, temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity were registered. The life cycle of D. arcanella lasted 48.0 ± 10.1 days, the egg 8.0 ± 0.7 days, larva 24.2 ± 6.2 days, pre-pupa 1.5 ± 0.5 days, pupa 7.1 ± 0.9 days, and adult 7.2 ± 2.0 days. The larvae consumed 8.2 ± 5.3 cm2 of leaflets. Correlations were found between the population fluctuation in D. arcanella and the temperature in El Copey (ρ = -0.45; p < 0.0043), relative humidity in Codazzi (ρ = 0.33; p < 0.034), and with the natural control in both locations ((ρ = 0, 61; p < 0.000044) and (ρ = 0.42; p < 0.006)). These results suggest monitoring the pest populations in the second semester of the year and show the importance of promoting native natural enemies.

Intervenciones para promover la dignificación del fin de vida por estudiantes por estudiantes y profesionales de enfermería / Interventions by nursing students and professionals to promote dignity at the end of life

Introducción: el cuidado es el eje de la enfermería y adquiere especial relevancia en el proceso del fin de vida y muerte, donde deben garantizarse cuidados que dignifiquen a la persona y su entorno. Los profesionales y estudiantes de enfermería deben estar capacitados para ello. Objetivo: identificar intervenciones para promover la dignificación de la persona en el fin de la vida y la muerte, entre estudiantes y profesionales de enfermería. Metodología: revisión integrativa de la literatura. Se realizaron búsquedas en bases de datos: PubMed, CUIDEN Plus, Ovid, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y ProQuest y se incluyeron artículos derivados de investigación y revisión publicados entre 2016 y 2021. Se efectuó lectura crítica utilizando la herramienta Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Estudio sin riesgo ético, según la resolución 8430 de 1993. Resultados: se incluyeron 34 artículos y se construyeron cinco temáticas: dignidad humana, muerte digna en la atención de enfermería, factores que impiden la dignificación del fin de vida, beneficios para estudiantes, profesionales de enfermería, paciente y familia, y estrategias que promueven la dignidad en el fin de vida y muerte. Conclusiones: el fin de la vida y la muerte son procesos complejos a los que deben enfrentarse estudiantes y profesionales de enfermería, ante los cuales puede ser de ayuda implementar intervenciones como las identificadas, dado que contribuyen en el conocimiento, compromiso, trato humanizado y compasión; es necesaria mayor docencia e investigación al respecto.

Introduction: care is nursing practice axis and is especially relevant through the end-of-life and death process, where care dignifying the patient and his or her environment must be ensured. Nursing professionals and students should be trained for this purpose. Objective: to identify interventions to promote patient dignity at end of life and death, among nursing students and professionals. Methodology: an integrative literature review. The PubMed, CUIDEN Plus, Ovid, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud and ProQuest databases were searched and articles derived from research and review published between 2016 and 2021 were included. Critical reading was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool. This is a study carrying no ethical risk, according to Resolution 8430 of 1993. Results: 34 articles were included, and organized into five topics: human dignity, nursing care for dignified death, barriers to dignifying end of life, benefits for nursing students and professionals, patient and family, and strategies that promote dignity at end of life and death. Conclusions: end of life and death are complex processes which nursing students and professionals must face. Implementing interventions such as those identified herein, may be helpful, since they contribute to knowledge, commitment, humanized treatment, and compassion. Further education and research in this regard is required.

Meningoencefalitis por virus Varicella-Zóster posterior a infección por SARS-CoV2: Reporte de dos casos / Meningoencephalitis caused by Varicella-Zoster virus after SARS-CoV2 infection: Two cases report

RESUMEN La meningoencefalitis por el VZV es una patología poco frecuente que se presenta con la reactivación del virus dentro del organismo. OBJETIVO: Describir la presentación clínica de dos pacientes con neuroinfección por VZV posteriormente a infección por SARS-CoV-2. REPORTE DEL CASO: El primer caso corresponde a un hombre de 59 años con antecedente de neumonía moderada por SARS-CoV-2 que después cursó con meningoencefalitis por VZV y, además, desarrolló un síndrome de Ramsay Hunt. El segundo caso es el de una mujer de 37 años con antecedente de infección leve por SARS CoV-2 con un cuadro de cefalea con signos de alarma, en quien se documentó neuroinfección por VZV

ABSTRACT Meningoencephalitis caused by varicella zoster virus is a rare pathology that presents due to the reactivation of the virus in the organism OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical presentation of two patients with VZV neuroinfection presented after a SARS CoV-2 infection. CASE REPORT: The first case is a 59 year old male with previous moderate SARS CoV-2 infection who presented meningoencephalitis and was diagnosed with Ramsay Hunt's Syndrome. The second case is a 37 year old female with previous SARS CoV-2 infection who presented with an acute onset headache and was documented with VZV neuroinfection.

High prevalence of Leishmania spp. in dogs from Central West Colombia.

Leishmaniasis is a widespread disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania. In Colombia, this zoonosis is endemic in rural areas with a high prevalence in the departments of Antioquia, Santander, Meta, Tolima and Nariño. Dogs are the most important domestic reservoirs of the pathogen, given the epidemiological importance of dogs in the control of leishmaniasis is needed to determine the prevalence of Leishmania spp. in canine population of the rural area of Ibagué and to identify potential risk factors related to the presence of this parasite. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 173 dogs from the rural area of Ibagué. Leishmania spp. was detected by amplifying the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS-1) and two regions of the hsp70 gene through PCR. Factor associations were calculated through the Chisquare and odds ratio. Prevalence of Leishmania spp. infection in dogs was of 91.33% (158/173), where 36.71% (58/158) of the Leishmania spp. positive dogs showed one or more clinical signs of canine leishmaniasis and 63.29% (100/158) of the dogs were asymptomatic. Factors associated with the presence of the parasite did not show significance. In addition, hsp70D-PCR was proved to be highly efficient for the detection of Leishmania spp.

A Pilot-Scale Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction to Valorize Colombian Mango Seed Kernel.

Colombian mango production, which exceeded 261,000 t in 2020, generates about 40% of the whole fruit as solid waste, of which more than 50% are seed kernels (over 52,000 t solid by-product); though none is currently used for commercial purposes. This study reports the results of the supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction of an oil rich in essential fatty acids (EFAs) from revalorized mango seed kernels and the optimization of the process by the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In pilot-scale scCO2 experiments, pressure (23-37 MPa) and temperature (52-73 °C) were varied, using 4.5 kg of CO2. The highest experimental oil extraction yield was 83 g/kg (37 MPa and 63 °C); while RSM predicted that 84 g/kg would be extracted at 35 MPa and 65 °C. Moreover, by fine-tuning pressure and temperature it was possible to obtain an EFA-rich lipid fraction in linoleic (37 g/kg) and α-linolenic (4 g/kg) acids, along with a high oleic acid content (155 g/kg), by using a relatively low extraction pressure (23 MPa), which makes the process a promising approach for the extraction of oil from mango waste on an industrial scale, based on a circular economy model.

Descripción Anatómica de Bradypus variegatus en la Amazonia Colombiana (Estudio Preliminar) / Anatomical Description of Bradypus variegatus in the Colombian Amazonia (Preliminary Study)

En la Universidad de la Amazonia, en Florencia, Caquetá - Colombia, se llevó a cabo la descripción anatómica detallada del espécimen adulto de la especie Bradypus variegatus, a través de la cual se abordan aspectos clave de la osamenta, correspondientes al esqueleto apendicular, conformado por los huesos del miembro torácico (escápula, húmero, radio, ulna, carpos, metacarpos y falanges) y pelviano (pelvis, sacro, fémur, rótula, tibia, peroné, tarso, metatarso y falanges). Asimismo, se describe el esqueleto axial que corresponde a la línea media del esqueleto, formando el eje del cuerpo a través de los huesos del cráneo, columna vertebral, costillas y esternón. La descripción se desarrolló teniendo en cuenta metodologías previas y considerando datos de descripciones anteriores llevadas a cabo por otros autores, en algunas estructuras. Los resultados se consideran un precepto en el conocimiento del área quirúrgica como pieza fundamental en el desarrollo de la veterinaria en especies de fauna silvestre.

At the University of Amazonia, in Florencia, Caqueta - Colombia, a detailed osteological description of adult specimen of the species brown-throated sloth developed or Bradypus variegatus, through which key skeleton aspects are addressed, for the skeleton apendicular, comprising the forelimb bones (scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metacarpals and phalanges) and pelvic (pelvis, sacrum, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsus, metatarsus and phalanges). Also, the axial skeleton corresponding to the middle line of the skeleton, forming the body axis through the skull bones, spine, ribs and sternum described. The description was developed considering previous methodologies and data considering previous descriptions carried out by other authors in some structures. The results are considered a precept knowledge of the surgical area as a cornerstone in the development of veterinary species of wildlife.