Estudio por manometría esofágica de pacientes con enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico, en Cuba / Esophagel manometry study of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, in Cuba

La Enfermedad por Reflujo Gastroesofágico es el resultado de varias situaciones, con un desequilibrio entre los factores defensivos y la integridad de la barrera antirreflujo. El diagnóstico se realiza por los elementos clínicos, la endoscopia, la histología y la pHmetría esofágica. La Manometría Esofágica nos permite co- nocer el estado de la barrera antirreflujo y los trastornos motores se asocian a estos pacientes, que facilitan el desarrollo de la enfermedad. En este trabajo se estudian las características de los factores de motilidad, a través de la manometría esofágica, en un grupo de pacientes, con Enfermedad por Reflujo Gastroeso fágico.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease is the result of several situations, with an imbalance between the defensive factors, and the integrity of the antireflux barrier. Diagnosis is made by clinical, endoscopy, histology and esophageal pHmetry. Esophageal manometry allows us to understand the behavior of this barrier and the disease´s development. In this paper, we study the charactequeristics of motility factors, by esophageal manometry, in a group of patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.

Producción de juveniles de erizo rojo Strongylocentrotus franciscamus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) en Baja California, México / Juvenile production of the red sea urchin Strongylocentrotus franciscanus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in Baja California, Mexico

The red sea urchin Strongylocentrotusfranciscanus (Agassiz 1863) is harvested commercially in Baja California, Mexico, since 1970; however, in the last ten years the capture per unit effort (CPUE) has decreased from 310 kg/fishing unit/day to 120 kg/fishing unit/day. For this reason, actions were taken to develop a culture technology allowing massive production of juveniles for re-stocking natural populations or for growing them commercially. We summarize some of the basic studies and main achievements in this effort. In Baja California, considerably faster larval development (approximately 21 days) has been attained than in the US northwest coast (62 days). Spawning of red sea urchins was routinely induced with KCI while egg fertilization was performed using a 100,000-sperm/ml solution. Six microalgae species were tested and Rhodomonas sp. produced the best larval development. The mean survival rate at the end of the larval period was 25%, but results varied widely with bactch. From the feed ratios tested, best results were obtained using 7000 cel/ml during the first week of larval development, followed by 10,000 cel/ml during the second and 15,000 cel/ml during the third week. KCl proved the most consistent metamorphic inducer, regularly yielding metamorphosis percentages higher than 90%. Metamorphosis was considered complete when the functional jaw that juveniles use for first benthic feeding appeared (as soon as 20 days after induction). With this method several thousands of red sea urchin juveniles were produced. They reached up to 1.5 mm in size during the first 50 days of culture after metamorphosis, showing the great potential for mass production of this species in the laboratory

[Juvenile production of the red sea urchin Strongylocentrotus franciscanus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in Baja California, Mexico]. / Producción de juveniles de erizo rojo Strongylocentrotus franciscanus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) en Baja California, México.

The red sea urchin Strongylocentrotusfranciscanus (Agassiz 1863) is harvested commercially in Baja California, Mexico, since 1970; however, in the last ten years the capture per unit effort (CPUE) has decreased from 310 kg/fishing unit/day to 120 kg/fishing unit/day. For this reason, actions were taken to develop a culture technology allowing massive production of juveniles for re-stocking natural populations or for growing them commercially. We summarize some of the basic studies and main achievements in this effort. In Baja California, considerably faster larval development (approximately 21 days) has been attained than in the US northwest coast (62 days). Spawning of red sea urchins was routinely induced with KCI while egg fertilization was performed using a 100,000-sperm/ml solution. Six microalgae species were tested and Rhodomonas sp. produced the best larval development. The mean survival rate at the end of the larval period was 25%, but results varied widely with bactch. From the feed ratios tested, best results were obtained using 7000 cel/ml during the first week of larval development, followed by 10,000 cel/ml during the second and 15,000 cel/ml during the third week. KCl proved the most consistent metamorphic inducer, regularly yielding metamorphosis percentages higher than 90%. Metamorphosis was considered complete when the functional jaw that juveniles use for first benthic feeding appeared (as soon as 20 days after induction). With this method several thousands of red sea urchin juveniles were produced. They reached up to 1.5 mm in size during the first 50 days of culture after metamorphosis, showing the great potential for mass production of this species in the laboratory.

¿Son útiles los fármacos antilecotriénicos en el tratamiento de la rinitis alérgica? Revisión de la bibliografía / Are antileukotriene drugs useful to treat allergic rhinitis? A medical literature review

Introducción: Los cisteinil leucotrieno: on mediadore potentes de la inflamación producidos por la 5 lipooxigenasa en el metabolismo del ácido a.raquidónico. Estos mediadores estimulan la secreción en las vías respiratorias. la migración de los eosinófilos y la inflamación en la rinitis y el asma. Los fármacos antileucotriénicos (ALT) desempeñan una función aruinflamatoria en los pacientes asmáticos al impedir los efectos de lo. leucotrieno: bien inhibiendo su síntesis o bloqueando lo receptores de los cisteinil leucotrienos. En los últimos años se han realizado estudios relacionados con la posible eficacia de los fármacos antileucotriénicos asociados o no a los antihistamínicos y los corticoides tópicos en el tratamiento de la rinitis alérgica. Objetivo: Revisar los estudios clínicos con distribución aleatorias. a doble ciego y controlados con placebo que se han realizado con fármacos antileucotriénicos en el tratamiento de la rinitis alérgica. Método: Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica hasta mayo de 200­1­ en Medline. IME. EMBASE. la base de datos de la Cochrane Libran· y bibliografía facilita­ da por la industria farmacéutica. Resultados: Se han revisado 13 estudios clínicos que cumplían los requisitos del estudio. Aunque el añadir montelukast en las dosis comercializadas a pacientes tratados con dosis terapéuticas de antihistamínico · mejoran los síntomas de la rinitis. el escaso número de estudios clínicos realizados en la rinitis alérgica utilizando ALT como monoterapia o a ociados a antihistamínico. o corticosteroides tópicos, su corta duración, el que uno de ellos esté disponible sólo en folio de resumen y el hecho de que los resultados no sean homogéneos en función del fármaco antileucotriénico utilizado hacen difícil establecer conclusiones definitivas y globales respecto a esta clase terapéutica. por lo que se precisan más estudio y de mayor duración (...) (AU)

Introduction: Cysteinil leukotrienes are potent 5­lipoxygena e­synthesized mediator in inflammation in metabolism of arachidonic acid. These mediators stimulate airways secretion. eosinophil migration. and inflammation in rhinitis (…) (AU)

Anti-IgE (omalizumab) en el tratamiento de la rinitis alérgica / Anti-IgE ( omalizumab) in the treatment of allergic rhinitis

Introducción: El omalizumab es un anticuerpo monoclonal recombinante humanizado que se une específicamente al dominio C3e de la IgE, el lugar de unión al receptor de afinidad alta de la IgE. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión de lo principales estudios clínicos con distribución aleatoria, a doble ciego y controlado con placebo realizado con omalizumab en pacientes con rinitis alérgica estacional o perenne para determinar la eficacia y seguridad de este anticuerpo monoclonal. Métodos: Se realizó una búqueda bibliográfica hasta abril de 2004 en Medline, IME, EMBASE y la base de datos de Ja Cochrane Library. Resultados: Se incluyeron 8 estudio clínicos con distribución aleatoria en rinitis alérgica, que se comentan y cuyos principales resultados se exponen. Conclusiones: Los paciente con rinitis alérgica e racional y perenne tratados con omalizumab por vía subcutánea presentan un claro beneficio clínico, con poco y leves efectos adversos, lo que le convierte en un fármaco prometedor para el tratamiento de esta enfermedad alérgica (AU)

Introduction: Omalizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody which specifically bind to the Ce3 dornain of IgE, the site of binding to the high-affinity IgE receptor. Objective: To carry out a revision of the main randomized double blind clínica] tria] , controlled with placebo that have been carried out with Omalizumab in patients with sea onal or perennial allergic rhinitis in order to determine the efficacy and safety of this monoclonal antibody. Methods: We earched until April 2004 Medline. IME. EMBASE. and Data Base of Cochrane Library. Results: Eight randomized clinical trials were included, which are commented, and their main results are exposed. Conclusions: Patients with seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis treated subcutaneously with Omalizumab get an evident clinica1 benefit, with few and mild adverse events, what become it in a promising drug for the treatment of this allergic disease (AU)

Carcinoma de vulva en paciente con liquen escleroatrófico de larga evolución / Vulvar carcinoma in a patient with chronic lichen sclero-atrophic

Se desconoce la relación entre la distrofia vulvar y el carcinoma de vulva, si bien no parece que ésta sea etiológica. Dado que es frecuente la coexistencia de ambas lesiones, el clínico está obligado a descartar un proceso maligno ante cualquier lesión vulvar y a hacer un seguimiento apropiado mientras la lesión persista (AU)

[Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. An enteral nutrition variable]. / Gastrostomía endoscópica percutánea. Una variante de alimentación enteral.

The study of 26 patients who required percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) at the Endoscopic Surgery Center of the Calixto Garc a Central University Hospital,La Habana, Cuba, is presented in this report. Sixty two percent (62%) underwent this exam due to cancerous tumors in the esophagus and the remaining to non-cancerous disorders that promoted dysphagia. The average duration of the exam was 10 minutes. Two patients reported complications after the gastrostomy: one due to the rupture of the catheter s balloon and the other due to an abscess in the puncture zone. No deaths were reported.

[The diagnosis of fascioliasis of the biliary tract by imaging]. / Diagnóstico de la fasciolosis de las vías biliares por imagenología.

Three patients with abdominal pain were studied and through ultrasonography, it was suspected that they had Fasciola hepatica in their gallbladder and choedochio. By using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), the presence of parasites in extrahepatic biliary passages of the cases was confirmed and then, it was taken out with a Dormia basket. It was concluded that imaging is a diagnostic means to be considered in this parasitosis.