[Adverse events related to medication in hospitals from the Valencian Community. EPIDEA Study 2005-2013]. / Eventos adversos relacionados con la medicación en los hospitales de la Comunidad Valenciana. Estudio EPIDEA 2005-2013.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of Adverse Events related to Medication (AEM) in hospitals of the Valencian Community in the 2005-2013 study period, and to describe the associated risk factors and their impact. METHODS: This study is based on data and methodology of the Study of Prevalence of Adverse Events in hospitals (EPIDEA), since its inception in 2005 until 2013. AEM produced in each year were analyzed. RESULTS: We identified 344 AEM that occurred in 337 patients, among 35,103 patients studied, giving a prevalence of patients with AEM of 0.96% (IC95% 0.89-1.07). The most prevalent intrinsic risk factors for AEM were hypertension, diabetes and cancer. The most prevalent extrinsic risk factors were peripheral venous catheter, urinary catheter and central venous catheter. Therapeutic groups most frequently involved were systemic antibiotics, cardiovascular drugs and antineoplastics. The 61.17% of AEM was classified as moderate, followed by 27.18% as mild and 11.65% as severe. The 33.99% of EAM caused increase of the patient's stay and 39.90% of EAM caused the re-entry of patient. The 58.5% of AEM were avoidable. Mild AEM were avoidable in 46.3%, moderate AEM were avoidable in 60.3% and severe AEM were in 75% (p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of patients with AEM in hospitals of the Community of Valencia for the period 2005- 2013 was 0.96%. More than half of AEM were preventable, and preventability increases significantly with the severity of the event.

Effectiveness of a programme to reduce the burden of catheter-related bloodstream infections in a tertiary hospital.

The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a catheter-related bloodstream infection (CR BSI) reduction programme and healthcare workers' compliance with recommendations. A 3-year surveillance programme of CR BSIs in all hospital settings was implemented. As part of the programme, there was a direct observation of insertion and maintenance of central venous catheters (CVCs) to determine performance. A total of 38 education courses were held over the study period and feedback reports with the results of surveillance and recommendations were delivered to healthcare workers every 6 months. A total of 6722 short-term CVCs were inserted in 4982 patients for 58 763 catheter-days. Improvements of compliance with hand hygiene was verified at the insertion (87·1-100%, P < 0·001) and maintenance (51·1-72·1%, P = 0·029) of CVCs; and the use of chlorhexidine for skin disinfection was implemented at insertion (35·7-65·4%, P < 0·001) and maintenance (33·3-45·9%, P < 0·197) of CVCs. There were 266 CR BSI incidents recorded with an annual incidence density of 5·75/1000 catheter-days in the first year, 4·38 in the second year [rate ratio (RR) 0·76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·57-1·01] and 3·46 in the third year (RR 0·60, 95% CI 0·44-0·81). The education programme clearly improved compliance with recommendations for CVC handling, and was effective in reducing the burden of CR BSIs.

Catheter-related bloodstream infection: burden of disease in a tertiary hospital.

BACKGROUND: Surveillance programmes have become the most effective tool for controlling catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI). However, few studies have investigated programmes covering all hospital settings. AIM: To describe the results of a control and prevention programme for CRBSI based on compliance with recommendations for insertion and maintenance, using annual burden of disease in a tertiary level hospital. METHODS: A CRBSI control and prevention programme involving all hospital settings was implemented. The programme consisted of CRBSI surveillance, direct observation of insertion and maintenance of catheters to determine performance, and education for healthcare workers. FINDINGS: In total, 2043 short-term catheters were inserted in 1546 patients for 18,570 catheter-days, and 279 long-term catheters were inserted in 243 patients for 40,440 catheter-days. The annual incidence density was 5.98 (first semester 6.40, second semester 5.64) CRBSI per 1000 catheter-days for short-term catheters, and 0.57 (first semester 0.66, second semester 0.43) CRBSI per 1000 catheter-days for long-term catheters. One hundred and forty insertion procedures were observed, with an average insertion time of 13 (standard deviation 7) min. Compliance with recommendations was as follows: hand hygiene, 86.8%; use of alcoholic chlorhexidine solution for skin disinfection, 35.5%; use of mask, 93.4%; use of gloves, 98.7%; use of gown, 75.0%; use of sterile cloth, 93.8%; use of cap, 92.2%; bandage application, 62.7%; and use of aseptic technique, 89.5%. Forty-five maintenance procedures were observed, and compliance rates were as follows: hand hygiene, 42.1%; use of gloves, 78.1%; and port disinfection with alcoholic chlorhexidine solution, 32.5%. CONCLUSION: The CRBSI control and prevention programme implemented at the study hospital has decreased the rate of CRBSI, provided important information about the total burden of disease, and revealed possible ways to improve interventions in the future.