Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antifosfolípidos/inmunología , Dedos/patología , Esclerodermia Sistémica/complicaciones , Esclerodermia Sistémica/inmunología , Úlcera Cutánea/etiología , Adulto , Anciano , Autoanticuerpos/inmunología , Biomarcadores , Estudios Transversales , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Esclerodermia Sistémica/diagnóstico , Esclerodermia Sistémica/epidemiología , Úlcera Cutánea/diagnóstico , Úlcera Cutánea/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is increasingly being reported in patients undergoing immunotherapy. We report a case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after treatment with nivolumab, a PD-1 blocker that is used to restore impaired T-cell responses in patients with cancer and infections. Data for 4 other cases were obtained from pharmacovigilance databases.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Inmunológicos/efectos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucoencefalopatía Multifocal Progresiva/etiología , Nivolumab/efectos adversos , Viremia/etiología , Anciano , Antineoplásicos Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/patología , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/virología , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/uso terapéutico , Virus JC/aislamiento & purificación , Leucoencefalopatía Multifocal Progresiva/diagnóstico por imagen , Leucoencefalopatía Multifocal Progresiva/patología , Leucoencefalopatía Multifocal Progresiva/virología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nivolumab/administración & dosificación , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/genética , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/inmunología , Viremia/diagnóstico por imagen , Viremia/patología , Viremia/virologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Systemic capillary leak syndrome (Clarkson's disease) is a rare entity characterized by recurrent and unpredictable attacks of capillary leakage of plasma fluid and proteins throughout the endothelium. Some cases are secondary. We describe the rare association between secondary capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) and autoimmune diseases. METHODS: We conducted a nationwide, retrospective, observational, and collaborative study throughout the hospital units of the Club des Rhumatismes et Inflammations network (CRI) between March and August 2015. Inclusion criteria were patients with (1) capillary leakage episodes characterized by edema and elevated hematocrit, low albumin count without proteinuria, or other cause of protein loss; and (2) definite autoimmune diseases according to international classification criteria. RESULTS: The clinical and biological data of five patients (three women) were reviewed. Median age was 43.2 (17-55) years. Four patients had Sjögren syndrome. One of them also fulfilled the criteria for systemic sclerosis (n = 1). The fifth patient had polymyositis. During the 37.2 months of median follow-up (5.4-201), we recorded a total of 24 attacks, yielding an attack incidence of 91/100 patient-years. Laboratory tests revealed that three patients had anti-SSA/Ro antibodies. Only one patient had a monoclonal blood component (IgGκ). Three patients needed ICU support; one died during a flare. CONCLUSIONS: We reported the first case series of a rare association of SCLS and autoimmune diseases, supporting the idea of some immune mediation in the pathogenesis of the former disease.
