RESUMEN
Changes in glucose metabolism of diabetic mothers affect immunological components, proinflammatory factors, and placental hypervascularization that can induce cell death. The hormone melatonin has been identified as a potential modulating agent. The aim of this study was to analyze the oxidative process and the apoptosis in maternal blood and placental cells modulated by melatonin from diabetic mothers. The groups were 40 pregnant women divided into non-diabetic (ND) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) groups. Blood and placental cells were obtained by density gradient and maintained in culture treated or not with melatonin (100 ng/mL) for 24 h (37°C, 5% CO2). Oxidative stress was evaluated by superoxide release and CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD). Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. Maternal hyperglycemia increased superoxide release and apoptosis in MN cells from maternal blood and reduced SOD level and SOD/O2- ratio. Melatonin reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis rates in MN cells in the blood of diabetic mothers. There was a reduction in SOD and SOD/O2- ratio in the placental extravillous layer, and melatonin restored the concentrations of this enzyme. There was greater superoxide release, reduced SOD/O2- ratio, and apoptosis in MN cells placental villous layer. Melatonin increased apoptosis rates in the placental villous layer from hyperglycemic mothers. These data suggest that hyperglycemia altered the processes oxidative in blood and placenta from hyperglycemic mothers. These changes reflected in the mechanisms of induction of apoptosis, especially in the vascularized layers of the placenta, and were modulated by melatonin.
RESUMEN
Introducción: La vasculitis sistémica presenta afectación múltiple y variada de órganos; abarca desde procesos benignos hasta mortales. Sus manifestaciones clínicas, tratamiento y pronóstico dependerán del vaso involucrado, y de la extensión y localización de la lesión. Objetivo: Determinar características epidemiológicas, clínicas, e histopatológicas, y el tratamiento de las vasculitis sistémicas con manifestaciones cutáneas en la Cátedra de Dermatología del Hospital de Clínicas, FCM - UNA. Material y método: estudio descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo, de cohorte transversal, con componente analítico, de enero de 2004 a diciembre de 2015. Se confeccionó una planilla para registrar las variables obtenidas de fichas clínicas e histopatológicas. Resultados: Se hallaron 11 pacientes con vasculitis sistémica con afectación cutánea, (0,0098% de las consultas). Predominó el sexo masculino (63,63%). La edad media fue 30,18 años. El 18,18% eran niños todos masculinos. La lesión elemental más frecuente fue la pápula (72,72%), la localización predominante, miembros inferiores (72,72%). Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron dolor abdominal (63,63%) y la artralgia (54,54%). El 81,81% correspondía a vasculitis de vasos pequeños. En 72,72%, el componente inflamatorio eran neutrófilos. El 72,72% correspondía a Púrpura de Shönlein - Henoch (PSH), el 18,18% a Poliangeitis Microscópica (PAM), y el 9,09% a Granulomatosis con Poliangeitis (GPA). En el 72,72%, el tratamiento fue Prednisona. Conclusión: Dado que esta patología es poco frecuente, con escasos trabajos que hayan estudiado su epidemiología, este trabajo, con sus limitaciones, podría aportar para futuros estudios.
Introduction: Systemic vasculitis has multiple and varied organ involvement; Ranging from benign to deadly. Its clinical manifestations, treatment and prognosis will depend on the vessel involved, and on the extent and location of the lesion. Objectives: To determine epidemiological, clinical, and histopathological characteristics, and the treatment of systemic vasculitis with cutaneous manifestations in the Department of Dermatology Hospital of Clinics, FCM-UNA. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study with an analytical component from January 2004 to December 2015. A spreadsheet was drawn up to record the variables obtained from clinical and histopathological records. Results: We found 11 patients with systemic vasculitis with cutaneous involvement, (0,0098% of the consultations). The male sex predominated (63,63%). The mean age was 30.18 years. 18,18% were children, all of them male. The most frequent elemental lesion was the papule (72,72%), the predominant location, lower limbs (72,72%). The most frequent symptoms were abdominal pain (63,63%) and arthralgia (54,54%). The 81.81% corresponded to vasculitis of small vessels. In 72,72%, the inflammatory component was neutrophils. 72,72% corresponded to Shönlein-Henoch purpura (PSH), 18,18% to Microscopic Polyangeitis (PAM), and 9,09% to Granulomatosis with Polyangeitis (GPA). In 72,72%, the treatment was Prednisone. Conclusion: Since this pathology is infrequent, with few studies that have studied its epidemiology, this work, with its limitations, could contribute for future studies.