Effect of Different Extraction Methods on Anthocyanin Content in Hibiscus sabdariffa L. and their Antiplatelet and Vasorelaxant Properties.

Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is a worldwide component for tea and beverages, being a natural source of anthocyanins, which are associated with cardiovascular activities. To investigate this relationship, we explored different methods of aqueous extraction on the anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity of H. sabdariffa L. calyx extract (HSCE). Pharmacological effects via platelet aggregation, calcium mobilization, cyclic nucleotide levels, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein Ser157 and Ser239, and on the vasomotor response of aortic rings isolated from mice are studied herewith. We found that the application of ultrasonic turbolization, 20 min, combined with acidified water was significantly more effective in the extraction process, providing extracts with the highest levels of anthocyanins (8.73 and 9.63 mg/100 g) and higher antioxidant activity (6.66 and 6.78 µM trolox/g of sample). HSCE significantly inhibited (100-1000 µg/mL) arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation, reduced calcium mobilization, and increased cAMP and cGMP levels with VASPSer157 and VASPSer239 phosphorylation. Vasorelaxation reduction was confirmed by the aortic rings and endothelium assays treated with nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) oxidizing agent, or Ca2+-activated K+ channel inhibitor. The increasing of cGMP levels could be understood considering the sGC stimulation by HSCE compounds in the specific stimulus domain, which allows an understanding of the observed antiplatelet and vasorelaxant properties of H. sabdariffa L. calyx extract.

Current legislation on medical cannabis. History, movements, trends and counter-tendencies, in the Brazilian territory / Legislação atual sobre cannabis medicinal. Histórico, movimentos, tendências e contratendências no território brasileiro

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cannabis sativa is a plant that has been used by humankind for many years and is in the media spotlight due to its pharmacological features, being considered the great therapeutic option of the century. With the advent of the Drug Law (Lei de Drogas - Law No. 11,343/2006) there was a starting point for the situation of cannabis in Brazil. Thus, the objective of this narrative review was to discuss information about legal issues regarding cannabis in the Brazilian territory. CONTENTS: The Collegiate Directorate Resolution (Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada - RDC) No. 327 of December 2019, published by Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária - ANVISA), provides on the procedures for granting health authorization for manufacturing and importation, as well as establishes requirements for marketing, prescription, storage, monitoring and surveillance of cannabis products for medicinal purposes to human use. The Bill of Law (Projeto de Lei - PL) No. 399/2015, proposed to amend article 2 of Law No. 11,343, of August 23, 2006, to enable planting and marketing of drugs containing extracts, substrates or parts of the cannabis plant. CONCLUSION: Cannabis cultivation in Brazil would make a great contribution not only to the pharmaceutical industry, but also to the agricultural industry, generating jobs and reducing raw material costs for drugs. However, the slow pace of Brazilian politics would be an obstacle. There is a need for more consolidated and specific legislation to regulate cannabis.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A Cannabis sativa é uma planta utilizada pela humanidade há muitos anos e está em evidência nas mídias devido ao seu caráter farmacológico, sendo considerada a grande opção terapêutica do século. Com o advento da Lei de Drogas (Lei nº 11.343/2006) houve um ponto de partida para a situação da cannabis no Brasil. Dessa forma, o objetivo desta revisão narrativa foi discorrer sobre informações acerca de questões legais quanto à cannabis no território brasileiro. CONTEÚDO: A Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada (RDC) nº 327, de dezembro de 2019, publicada pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), dispõe sobre os procedimentos para a concessão da autorização sanitária para a fabricação e a importação, bem como estabelece requisitos para a comercialização, prescrição, dispensação, monitoramento e a fiscalização de produtos de cannabis para fins medicinais de uso humano. O Projeto de Lei (PL) nº 399/2015, propôs alterar o artigo 2º da Lei nº 11.343, de 23 de agosto de 2006, para viabilizar o plantio e a comercialização de fármacos que contenham extratos, substratos ou partes da planta cannabis. CONCLUSÃO: O cultivo da cannabis no Brasil traria uma grande contribuição não só para a indústria farmacêutica, como também para a indústria agrícola, na geração de empregos e na redução dos custos da matéria-prima de fármacos. No entanto, a morosidade da política brasileira seria um empecilho. Há necessidade de uma legislação mais consolidada e específica para regulamentação da cannabis.

Overview of lymphoma diagnosis in Brazilian public health system patients: Open data analysis for health care planning

Abstract Introduction Knowing the information regarding the panorama of lymphoma diagnosis in patients treated in the Brazilian Public Unified Health System from the last 10 years is a challenge for Strategic Health Planning. Objective To characterize the Brazilian population with lymphoma treated in the Brazilian Public Unified Health System between 2008 and 2017 regarding staging, sex, residence site and mortality. Material and methods A descriptive, retrospective, and longitudinal trial with secondary data from DataSUS (SIA/SUS and SIM/SUS) obtained from patients with ICD-10 C81-85. Results There were 70,850 lymphoma cases between 2008 and 2017, of which 55% were male, the median age was 51 years, and 27% had Hodgkin Lymphoma. Most patients (56%) were treated outside the residence city. São Paulo State accounted for 25% of patients. Treatment initiation took more than 60 days in 27% of cases. A total of 45,601 deaths were due to lymphoma (12% Hodgkin Lymphoma and 88% Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma), with a median age 63 years, and were mainly males (55%). Staging data were inadequate in 23% of patients, and analysis was performed only on the valid records. Advanced disease was diagnosed in 58% of patients (60% male; 57% female) and was more common in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (62%) versus Hodgkin Lymphoma (49%). Discussion Late diagnosis interferes with mortality rates. Health promotion and cancer prevention campaigns, especially targeting the male public, and training for early diagnosis and early treatment are needed. Conclusion Effective measures for early diagnosis and treatment are urgently needed for lymphoma control.

Overview of lymphoma diagnosis in Brazilian public health system patients: Open data analysis for health care planning.

INTRODUCTION: Knowing the information regarding the panorama of lymphoma diagnosis in patients treated in the Brazilian Public Unified Health System from the last 10 years is a challenge for Strategic Health Planning. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the Brazilian population with lymphoma treated in the Brazilian Public Unified Health System between 2008 and 2017 regarding staging, sex, residence site and mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, retrospective, and longitudinal trial with secondary data from DataSUS (SIA/SUS and SIM/SUS) obtained from patients with ICD-10 C81-85. RESULTS: There were 70,850 lymphoma cases between 2008 and 2017, of which 55% were male, the median age was 51 years, and 27% had Hodgkin Lymphoma. Most patients (56%) were treated outside the residence city. São Paulo State accounted for 25% of patients. Treatment initiation took more than 60 days in 27% of cases. A total of 45,601 deaths were due to lymphoma (12% Hodgkin Lymphoma and 88% Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma), with a median age 63 years, and were mainly males (55%). Staging data were inadequate in 23% of patients, and analysis was performed only on the valid records. Advanced disease was diagnosed in 58% of patients (60% male; 57% female) and was more common in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (62%) versus Hodgkin Lymphoma (49%). DISCUSSION: Late diagnosis interferes with mortality rates. Health promotion and cancer prevention campaigns, especially targeting the male public, and training for early diagnosis and early treatment are needed. CONCLUSION: Effective measures for early diagnosis and treatment are urgently needed for lymphoma control.

Inclusion of molecular monitoring (BCR-ABL1) in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia in the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS): an urgent need for treatment management

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease that affects mainly adults between 50 and 55 years. In Brazil, information from the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) Outpatient Information System indicates that 12,531 patients had the Autorização de Procedimento Ambulatorial (APAC) approved for the CML treatment in 2017. Disease monitoring through molecular response evaluation is critical to the care of CML patients. The quantitative PCR test (real-time polymerase chain reaction) provides adequate evaluation parameters that allow the health professional to intervene at the right moments in order to reduce the chance of progression of the disease, providing the best outcome to the patient, including the possibility of treatment discontinuation for eligible patients. Although the test is included in the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines (PCDT) of CML, it is not possible to monitor the molecular response within SUS since there is no reimbursement for this test. Objective: Obtain expert recommendations on the importance, financing, and reimbursement of molecular monitoring in SUS. Methods: Six CML experts with different perspectives participated in the panel. The discussion was based in the main publications about the quantitative PCR test in CML monitoring. Results: Experts' recommendations: Molecular monitoring should be part of the integral treatment of patients with CML to reduce the chances of disease progression and costs to the health system; The government should put into practice what is provided in the PCDT of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Brazil: performing the monitoring of the molecular response via quantitative PCR; The government should create a code with adequate nomenclature and reimbursement value in SIGTAP, so that the test is carried out and covered by the public health network, as it is contained in the PCDT of the disease and the existing APAC does not cover the operational costs for its performance; Patients with chronic phase CML should perform a quantitative PCR every 3 months and, after reaching the MMR, should perform the examination every 6 months, as recommended by international guidelines; Patients should be monitored in reference laboratories that are standardized according to the international scale; The laboratories that are within the reference public centers could absorb all the test demand in Brazil, and other centers could be qualified through an ABHH accreditation; Adequate molecular monitoring may allow some patients to stop taking drugs and selffinancing the molecular test for all SUS patients Conclusion: A solution for the molecular test (BCR-ABL1) funding is urgent to ensure the monitoring of CML patients in SUS. The savings that might be generated with patients that stop taking the medication when adequately monitored may finance the test.

Inclusion of molecular monitoring (BCR-ABL1) in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia in the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS): an urgent need for treatment management.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease that affects mainly adults between 50 and 55 years. In Brazil, information from the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) Outpatient Information System indicates that 12,531 patients had the Autorização de Procedimento Ambulatorial (APAC) approved for the CML treatment in 2017. Disease monitoring through molecular response evaluation is critical to the care of CML patients. The quantitative PCR test (real-time polymerase chain reaction) provides adequate evaluation parameters that allow the health professional to intervene at the right moments in order to reduce the chance of progression of the disease, providing the best outcome to the patient, including the possibility of treatment discontinuation for eligible patients. Although the test is included in the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines (PCDT) of CML, it is not possible to monitor the molecular response within SUS since there is no reimbursement for this test. OBJECTIVE: Obtain expert recommendations on the importance, financing, and reimbursement of molecular monitoring in SUS. METHODS: Six CML experts with different perspectives participated in the panel. The discussion was based in the main publications about the quantitative PCR test in CML monitoring. RESULTS: Experts' recommendations: CONCLUSION: A solution for the molecular test (BCR-ABL1) funding is urgent to ensure the monitoring of CML patients in SUS. The savings that might be generated with patients that stop taking the medication when adequately monitored may finance the test.

A dynamic continental moisture gradient drove Amazonian bird diversification.

The Amazon is the primary source of Neotropical diversity and a nexus for discussions on processes that drive biotic diversification. Biogeographers have focused on the roles of rivers and Pleistocene climate change in explaining high rates of speciation. We combine phylogeographic and niche-based paleodistributional projections for 23 upland terra firme forest bird lineages from across the Amazon to derive a new model of regional biological diversification. We found that climate-driven refugial dynamics interact with dynamic riverine barriers to produce a dominant pattern: Older lineages in the wetter western and northern parts of the Amazon gave rise to lineages in the drier southern and eastern parts. This climate/drainage basin evolution interaction links landscape dynamics with biotic diversification and explains the east-west diversity gradients across the Amazon.

Oxidative stress in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy and mesial temporal sclerosis: Possible association with major depressive disorder?

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the genetic and biochemical profiles associated with oxidative stress (OS) in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy with mesial temporal sclerosis (TLE-MTS) and a healthy control group, and also to verify the possible existence of association between OS markers and psychiatric disorders (PD) in group with TLE-MTS. METHODS: Forty-six patients with refractory TLE-MTS and 112 healthy controls were included. Psychiatric evaluation occurred through Diagnostical and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria. A peripheral blood sample was collected for analysis of glutathione S-transferase (GST) T1/M1 polymorphisms and serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant capacity equivalent to the trolox (TEAC), serum markers of OS. Student's t-test, Fisher's exact test, Chi-square test, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used, with a significance level of P<0.05. RESULTS: The PD were observed in 27 patients of the group with TLE-MTS (58.6%); major depressive disorder (MDD) was the most frequent. Serum levels of MDA (P<0.0001) and TEAC (P<0.0001) were higher in group with TLE-MTS. When patients with MDD were compared with patients without PD, significant differences were observed between MDA (P=0.002) and TEAC (P=0.003) serum levels. Patients with TLE-MTS and MDD presented higher levels when compared with patients with TLE-MTS without PD and with another PD except MDD. CONCLUSIONS: The present study observed significantly higher serum levels of MDA and of TEAC in patients with refractory TLE-MTS in comparison with the control group. The MDD was observed as an important issue associated with higher OS levels in refractory TLE-MTS. Further studies are needed to investigate the association of OS, TLE-MTS, and PD.

Genetic characterization of an X-STR decaplex system in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil: distribution, forensic efficiency and population structure.

Studies with X-STR loci show population genetic substructure, which makes necessary the characterization of such markers in the different geographical and/or ethnic populations. Therefore, this study assessed the distribution and forensic efficiency of an X-STR decaplex system in the population of the State of Mato Grosso, as well as analysed the population structure of this State based on the aforementioned system. All X-STR markers were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and linkage equilibrium, and the DXS6809 was the most informative marker. The power of discrimination value in females and males was 0.99999999995 and 0.9999994, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance indicated 1.10% (p < 0.00001) of heterogeneity among Europeans, Africans, Brazilians and other Latin Americans, and in relation to such groups, the population of the State of Mato Grosso showed lower genetic variation when compared with the Brazilian group (-0.10%, p = 0.67327). The genetic distance analysis showed lower values of F ST (0.0004 ≤ F ST ≤ 0.00331), with non-significant p value (p > 0.00024), between the populations of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná and the Southeast region of Brazil (except for one sample of Rio de Janeiro). F ST values with significant p values (p ≤ 0.00024) were obtained between the population of Mato Grosso and Iberian, African and some Latin American populations. The X-STR decaplex system proved to be extremely useful in the population of the State of Mato Grosso, and the data obtained does not show the need for a specific forensic database for this State in relation to the Brazilian populations compared in this study, except for population of Rio de Janeiro.

Revisão da dimensão desconfiança do inventário dimensional clínico da personalidade / Review of distrust dimension of the clinical dimensional personality inventory / Revisión de la dimensión desconfianza del inventario dimensional clínico de personalidad

O presente estudo teve como objetivo revisar a dimensão desconfiança do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade (IDCP). Fizeram parte da pesquisa 230 sujeitos, com idade entre 18 e 63 anos (M=23,00; DP=9,44), sendo 76,4% mulheres. Os sujeitos responderam o IDCP, o NEO-PI-R e o PID-5. A dimensão foi revisada e chegou-se a um conjunto de 35 itens novos, além de 13 itens originais. A partir de procedimentos analíticos, estabeleceu-se um conjunto de cinco fatores, composto por 18 itens, com coeficientes de consistência interna de 0,90 para o conjunto total de itens e índices variando entre 0,73 e 0,83 para os fatores. Foram encontradas correlações coerentes entre os instrumentos. Concluiu-se que a dimensão revisada é mais adequada em relação à original.

The present study aimed to review the distrust dimension of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (DCPI). 230 subjects aging between 18 and 63 years (M=23.00; SD=9.44), with 76.4% females. Subjects answered the DCPI, the NEO-PI-R and the PID-5. The scale was revised and came to a set of 35 new items and 13 original items. Based on analytical procedures we established a solution of five factors composed of 18 items, with internal consistency coefficients of .90 for the total and ranging between .73 and .83 for the factors. Coherent correlations between the instruments applied were also found. We concluded that the reviewed dimension is more adequate in comparison with its original version.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar la dimensión desconfianza en el Inventario Dimensional Clínico de Personalidad (IDCP). Participado 230 sujetos de 18 a 63 años (M=23.00; SD=9,44), con 76,4% de mujeres. Los sujetos respondieron a la IDCP, el NEO-PI-R y el PID-5. La escala fue revisado y llegó a un conjunto de 35 nuevos ítems y 13 ítems originales. Sobre la base de los procedimientos analíticos establecimos una solución de cinco factores compuesto por 18 ítems, con coeficientes de consistencia interna de 0,90 para el total y oscila entre 0,73 y 0,83 para los factores. También se encontraron correlaciones coherentes entre los instrumentos aplicados. Llegamos a la conclusión de que la dimensión revisado es más adecuada en comparación con su versión original.

Evidências de validade para a Escala de Vitalidade / Validity evidence for the Vitality Scale / Evidencia de validez de la Escala de Vitalidad

O objetivo do estudo foi investigar as qualidades psicométricas de uma Escala de Vitalidade (EV) no que tange à estrutura interna e à associação com um instrumento de avaliação do otimismo. Participaram 122 sujeitos, sendo 59,8% mulheres. As idades variaram de 18 a 65 anos. Em relação à escolaridade dos participantes, 73% tinham o ensino superior completo. Os instrumentos utilizados foram a EV e o Revised Life Orientation Test - LOT-R Brasil. Como principais resultados, houve diferença entre os sexos, sendo que os homens apresentaram uma maior média em vitalidade. Já em relação à prática de atividade física, os praticantes apresentaram maior média. A EV apresentou coeficiente alpha de 0,91 e mostrou-se unifatorial. Os achados são discutidos à luz da literatura

This study aimed to investigate the psychometric qualities of the Vitality Scale concerning its internal structure and its relationship with an assessment tool of optimism. Participants were 122 people, 59.8% female, aged 18 to 65 years. In regards to education, 73% participants had a university degree. The instruments used were the Vitality Scale and the Revised Life Orientation Test - LOT-R Brazil. The results showed differences between genders, with men and participants who practiced physical activity showing higher levels of vitality. The Vitality Scale showed coefficient alpha of 0.91 and a one-factor dimension. The results are discussed based on the literature

El objetivo del estudio fue investigar las propiedades psicométricas de una Escala de Vitalidad (EV) en lo referente a la estructura interna y a la asociación con un instrumento de evaluación del optimismo. Participaron 122 sujetos, siendo 59,8% mujeres. Las edades variaron de 18 a 65 años. Sobre la escolaridad de los participantes, 73% habían concluido la enseñanza terciaria. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la EV y el Revised Life Orientation Test - LOT-R Brasil. Como principales resultados se destaca que hubo diferencia entre los sexos, siendo que los hombres presentaron un promedio mayor en vitalidad. Por su vez, en la práctica de actividad física, los practicantes presentaron un promedio mayor. La EV presentó coeficiente alpha de 0,91 y se mostró unifactorial. Los hallazgos son discutidos con base en la literatura

Associações entre forças de caráter e satisfação com a vida: estudo com universitários / Associations between character strengths and life satisfaction: a study with college students / Asociaciones entre fortalezas del carácter y satisfacción con la vida: un estudio con universitarios

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar as relações entre forças de caráter e a satisfação com a vida, bem como investigar as diferenças de média entre os sexos e as idades dos participantes. A amostra contou com 186 universitários, 62,9% do sexo feminino, com idades entre 17 e 45 anos (M=21,55; DP=4,79), de dois estados brasileiros. Os instrumentos utilizados foram a Escala de Forças de Caráter e a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida. Os resultados apontaram diferenças significativas em relação ao sexo, sendo que as mulheres tiveram pontuações mais altas em quatro forças de caráter. Em relação a idade, não foram encontrados resultados significativos. No que diz respeito à correlação entre os construtos estudados, verificou-se que vitalidade, gratidão, esperança, perseverança e amor foram as forças mais relacionadas à satisfação com a vida, apresentando magnitudes moderadas. Os achados mostraram que os indivíduos com pontuações mais altas nas forças esperança, vitalidade, gratidão, amor, curiosidade, perseverança e inteligência social, tendem a vivenciar uma vida mais satisfeita.

The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between character strengths and life satisfaction and the mean differences between participants' gender and age. The sample consisted of 186 college students, 62.9% women, aged 17 to 45 years (M=21.55; SD=4.79), from two Brazilian states. The instruments used were the Character Strengths Scale and the Life Satisfaction Scale. Results showed significant differences for gender, and women obtained the highest scores in four character strengths. The age of participants did not show significant differences. Regarding the correlations among the constructs studied results showed that vitality, gratitude, hope, perseverance and love were the strengths presenting the highest correlation with life satisfaction, in moderate magnitudes. Findings indicated that individuals with higher scores in hope, vitality, gratitude, love, curiosity, perseverance and social intelligence strengths, tend to live a more satisfying life.

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar las asociaciones entre fortalezas del carácter y satisfacción con la vida y las diferencias de medias entre el sexo y la edad de los participantes. La muestra estuvo conformada por 186 estudiantes universitarios, 62,9% de sexo femenino, con edades entre los 17 y 45 años (M=21,55; DP=4,79), provenientes de dos estados brasileños. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala del Fortalezas del Carácter y la Escala del Satisfacción con la Vida. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en relación con el sexo, ya que las mujeres tuvieron puntuaciones más altas en cuatro fortalezas del carácter. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la edad de los participantes. Acerca de las correlaciones entre los constructos estudiados, se observó que la vitalidad, la gratitud, la esperanza, la perseverancia y el amor fueron las fortalezas más relacionadas con la satisfacción con la vida, en magnitudes moderadas. Los resultados mostraron que los individuos con puntuaciones altas en esperanza, vitalidad, gratitud, amor, curiosidad, perseverancia e inteligencia social, tienden a vivir una vida más satisfactoria.

Potenciais evocados auditivos de tronco encefálico em fumantes / Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in smokers

RESUMO Objetivo: comparar os resultados dos exames de potenciais evocados auditivos de tronco encefálico em indivíduos não tabagistas e tabagistas. Métodos: foram estudados 40 indivíduos, sendo 20 não tabagistas e 20 tabagistas, com idades entre 20 e 59 anos. Todos os participantes incluídos na pesquisa deveriam apresentar respostas de limiares tonais dentro dos padrões da normalidade e timpanometria tipo A com presença de reflexos acústicos contralaterais e ipsilaterais. Em ambos os grupos foram realizados os potenciais evocados auditivos de tronco encefálico (PEATE), por meio de cliques. Os parâmetros que foram utilizados na comparação dos dois grupos foram as latências absolutas das ondas I, III e V; as interlatências das ondas I-III, I-V e III-V em ambas as orelhas; a diferença da latência interpico I-V entre as duas orelhas e a diferença interaural da latência absoluta da onda V entre as duas orelhas. Resultados: os resultados encontrados mostraram que o grupo de tabagistas apresentou latência I da Orelha Direita (p=0,036), latência V da Orelha Direita (p=0,007), latência V da Orelha Esquerda (p=0,014), interlatência III-V da Orelha Direita (p=0,015) e Orelha Esquerda (p=0,016) significantemente maior que o grupo de não tabagistas. Não houve diferença significante na latência da onda V entre as duas orelhas. Conclusão: os resultados da pesquisa levaram à conclusão de que o tabaco é um fator de risco para o sistema nervoso auditivo central, que pode interferir nas latências e interlatências das ondas do PEATE no grupo de tabagistas quando comparado com o grupo de não tabagistas.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to perform a comparative study of brainstem evoked auditory potentials between smokers and non-smokers. Methods: the group studied was composed of 40 individuals, being 20 non-smokers and 20 smokers within the range of 20 to 59 years of age. All participants had to present responses to tonal thresholds within normal range and tympanometry type A, with the presence of ipsilateral and contralateral acoustic reflexes. Both groups underwent brain stem auditory evoked potential (BAEP). The parameters used to compare the two groups were the absolute latencies of waves I, III and V, the inter-latency waves I-III, IV and III-V in both ears, the difference between the IV inter-peak latency between the two ears and the inter-aural difference of wave V absolute latency between the two ears. Results: in our results, it was ascertained that the group of smokers showed latency I in the RE (p= 0.036), latency V in the RE (p= 0.007), latency V in the LE (p=0.014), inter-latency III-V in the RE (p=0.015) and LE (p= 0.016) significantly higher than the non-smokers. There was no significant difference in wave V latency between the two ears. Conclusion: the results of the study led to the conclusion that tobacco is a risk factor for the central auditory nervous system, interfering with latencies and with BAEP inter-wave latencies in the group of smokers when compared to the group of non-smokers.

Alpha-synuclein A53T mutation is not frequent on a sample of Brazilian Parkinson's disease patients.

INTRODUCTION: The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) involves both genetic susceptibility and environmental factors, with focus on the mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene (SNCA).Objective To analyse the polymorphism SNCA-A53T in patients with familial PD (FPD) and sporadic PD (SPD). METHOD: A total of 294 individuals were studied, regardless of sex and with mixed ethnicity. The study group with 154 patients with PD, and the control group included 140 individuals without PD. The genotyping of SNCA-A53T was performed by PCR/RFLP. Significance level was p < 0.05. RESULTS: Among all patients, 37 (24%) had FPD and 117 (75.9%) had SPD. The absence of SNCA-A53T mutation was observed in all individuals. CONCLUSION: SPD is notably observed in patients. However, the SNCA-A53T mutation was absent in all individuals, which does not differ controls from patients. This fact should be confirmed in a Brazilian study case with a more numerous and older population.

Relações entre afetos positivos e negativos e os cinco fatores de personalidade / Relationship between positive and negative affects and the big five / Relaciones entre afectos positivos y negativos y los cinco factores de personalidad

ResumoA presente pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar a existência de associações entre afetos positivos e negativos e os fatores de personalidade, sob a perspectiva do modelo dos Cinco Grandes Fatores. Colaboraram para o desenvolvimento do estudo 529 estudantes do Ensino Médio de escolas públicas e particulares com idades entre 14 a 27 anos (M = 16,0; DP = 1,48). No que se refere ao sexo 223 (42,2%) eram homens e 306 (57,8%), mulheres. Foram aplicadas a Escala de Afetos Zanon (EAZ) e a Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade (BFP). Dentre os resultados, a relação entre o fator neuroticismo e os afetos negativos gerou o coeficiente mais forte (r = 0,62). Em relação aos afetos positivos, a maior correlação se deu com o fator extroversão (r = 0,42). Verificou-se que neuroticismo é o melhor preditor dos afetos negativos, enquanto que extroversão dos afetos positivos. Os achados são discutidos à luz da literatura.(AU)

AbstractThe present research shows the correlations analyses result between positive and negative affects and the big five. Contributed to the development of study 529 students from public and private high schools, aged between 14 and 27 years (M = 16.0; SD = 1.48). About the gender 223 (42.2%) were males and 306 (57.8%) were females. The instruments used were the ‘Escala de Afetos Zanon (EAZ)’ and the ‘Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade (BFP)’. About the results, the relation between the neuroticism factor and the negative affect was the stronger coefficient (r = 0,62). The positive affect, showed a stronger correlation with the extroversion factor (r = 0,42). It was found that neuroticism is the best predictor of negative affect, while extroversion of positive affect. The findings are discussed in the literature context.(AU)

ResumenLa presente investigación presenta el resultado del análisis correlacional entre afectos positivos y negativos y los factores de personalidad, sobre la perspectiva del modelo de los Cinco Grandes Factores. Colaboraron para el desarrollo del estudio 529 estudiantes de Enseñanza Secundaria de escuelas públicas y privadas, con edades entre 14 y 27 años (M = 16,0; DT = 1,48). En relación al sexo, 223 (42,2%) eran hombres y 306 (57,8%) mujeres. Fueron aplicadas la Escala de Afectos Zanon (EAZ) y la Batería Factorial de Personalidad (BFP). Entre los resultados, el coeficiente más fuerte fue entre el factor neuroticismo y los afectos negativos (r = 0,62). En relación a los afectos positivos, la mayor correlación se dio con el factor extraversión (r = 0,42). Se verificó que el neuroticismo es el que mejor predice los afectos negativos, mientras que la extraversión predice mejor los afectos positivos. Los resultados son discutidos con base en la literatura.(AU)

Relações entre afetos positivos e negativos e os cinco fatores de personalidade / Relationship between positive and negative affects and the big five / Relaciones entre afectos positivos y negativos y los cinco factores de personalidad

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar a existência de associações entre afetos positivos e negativos e os fatores de personalidade, sob a perspectiva do modelo dos Cinco Grandes Fatores. Colaboraram para o desenvolvimento do estudo 529 estudantes do Ensino Médio de escolas públicas e particulares com idades entre 14 a 27 anos (M = 16,0; DP = 1,48). No que se refere ao sexo 223 (42,2%) eram homens e 306 (57,8%), mulheres. Foram aplicadas a Escala de Afetos Zanon (EAZ) e a Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade (BFP). Dentre os resultados, a relação entre o fator neuroticismo e os afetos negativos gerou o coeficiente mais forte (r = 0,62). Em relação aos afetos positivos, a maior correlação se deu com o fator extroversão (r = 0,42). Verificou-se que neuroticismo é o melhor preditor dos afetos negativos, enquanto que extroversão dos afetos positivos. Os achados são discutidos à luz da literatura.

The present research shows the correlations analyses result between positive and negative affects and the big five. Contributed to the development of study 529 students from public and private high schools, aged between 14 and 27 years (M = 16.0; SD = 1.48). About the gender 223 (42.2%) were males and 306 (57.8%) were females. The instruments used were the ‘Escala de Afetos Zanon (EAZ)’ and the ‘Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade (BFP)’. About the results, the relation between the neuroticism factor and the negative affect was the stronger coefficient (r = 0,62). The positive affect, showed a stronger correlation with the extroversion factor (r = 0,42). It was found that neuroticism is the best predictor of negative affect, while extroversion of positive affect. The findings are discussed in the literature context.

La presente investigación presenta el resultado del análisis correlacional entre afectos positivos y negativos y los factores de personalidad, sobre la perspectiva del modelo de los Cinco Grandes Factores. Colaboraron para el desarrollo del estudio 529 estudiantes de Enseñanza Secundaria de escuelas públicas y privadas, con edades entre 14 y 27 años (M = 16,0; DT = 1,48). En relación al sexo, 223 (42,2%) eran hombres y 306 (57,8%) mujeres. Fueron aplicadas la Escala de Afectos Zanon (EAZ) y la Batería Factorial de Personalidad (BFP). Entre los resultados, el coeficiente más fuerte fue entre el factor neuroticismo y los afectos negativos (r = 0,62). En relación a los afectos positivos, la mayor correlación se dio con el factor extraversión (r = 0,42). Se verificó que el neuroticismo es el que mejor predice los afectos negativos, mientras que la extraversión predice mejor los afectos positivos. Los resultados son discutidos con base en la literatura.

Comparing label free electrochemical impedimetric and capacitive biosensing architectures.

The transducer faradaic signals of molecularly receptive interfaces associated with specific target binding can be sensitively monitored by electrochemical impedance and/or capacitance spectroscopies. A comparative evaluation of both impedimetric (associated with charge transfer resistance) and capacitive (associated with faradaic density of states) approaches was undertaken using C-reactive protein (CRP) antigen and antibody interaction as biomolecular binding model. Aiming at constructing redox free (impedimetric) and redox tethered receptive (capacitive) interfaces engineered by self-assembly monolayer, CRP sensitivity and limit of detections were comparatively assessed regarding biosensor capabilities. Binding affinity constant between CRP and anti-CRP interfacial receptor sites were additionally evaluated by the Langmuir adsorption model. Both the impedimetric and capacitive approaches reported similar values of experimental analytical parameters albeit the latter was found to have the advantage of requiring no solution redox reporter thus making it highly suitable for use in multiplexing affinity arrays.

Evaluating the Equilibrium Association Constant between ArtinM Lectin and Myeloid Leukemia Cells by Impedimetric and Piezoelectric Label Free Approaches.

Label-free methods for evaluating lectin-cell binding have been developed to determine the lectin-carbohydrate interactions in the context of cell-surface oligosaccharides. In the present study, mass loading and electrochemical transducer signals were compared to characterize the interaction between lectin and cellular membranes by measuring the equilibrium association constant, Ka , between ArtinM lectin and the carbohydrate sites of NB4 leukemia cells. By functionalizing sensor interfaces with ArtinM, it was possible to determine Ka over a range of leukemia cell concentrations to construct analytical curves from impedimetric and/or mass-associated frequency shifts with analytical signals following a Langmuir pattern. Using the Langmuir isotherm-binding model, the Ka obtained were (8.9 ± 1.0) × 10(-5) mL/cell and (1.05 ± 0.09) × 10(-6) mL/cell with the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) methods, respectively. The observed differences were attributed to the intrinsic characteristic sensitivity of each method in following Langmuir isotherm premises.

Avaliação citogenética de frentistas expostos ao benzeno em postos de gasolina de Campo Maior, PI / Cytogenetic assessment of attendants exposed to benzene in gas stations in Campo Maior, PI

O biomonitoramento do risco ocupacional em trabalhadores expostos ao benzeno e derivados é realizado como diagnóstico e prevenção de danos a curto e longo prazo ao material genético. Testes de curta duração que determinam o perigo genético são categorizados pelos indicadores biológicos que avaliam mutação gênica, dano cromossômico ou lesão no DNA. A associação íntima desses indicadores fortalece a importância dos testes de genotoxicidade. O estudo objetiva avaliar o risco de mutagenicidade e anormalidades nucleares em indivíduos expostos ao benzeno. Avaliaram-se células da mucosa oral (teste de micronúcleos), sangue periférico (hemograma automatizado) de vinte frentistas da cidade de Campo Maior, PI, e o do grupo controle, além da aplicação do questionário de estudo epidemiológico. Relacionaram-se os resultados ao estilo de vida desses profissionais. A frequência de micronúcleos no grupo exposto foi significativa (***P,0,0001/Student's test), assim como a frequência de anormalidades nucleares para cariólise (**P<0,001) e para binucleação (*P<0,05). A frequência de cariólise e etilismo (r= 0,464) também apresentou uma correlação positiva(P*<0,05). Evidenciou-se que essa exposição ao petróleo e derivados induz mutagenicidade, citotoxicidade e apoptose, sendo necessário, por isso, conscientizar empregadores e trabalhadores dos postos de gasolina sobre o uso de EPI e intensificar o monitoramento ocupacional.

Impact of genetic variants of apolipoprotein E on lipid profile in patients with Parkinson's disease.

The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) seems to involve genetic susceptibility to neurodegeneration. APOE gene has been considered a risk factor for PD. This study aimed to evaluate the association of APOE polymorphism with PD and its influence on lipid profile. We studied 232 PD patients (PD) and 169 individuals without the disease. The studied polymorphism was analyzed by PCR/RFLP. The Fisher's exact test, chi-square, ANOVA, and t-test (P < 0.05) were applied. The APOE3/3 genotype was prevalent in PD patients and Controls (P = 0.713) followed by APOE3/4 (P = 0.772). Both groups showed recommended values for lipid profile, with increase in the values of total cholesterol and LDLc, as well as decreased values of triglycerides in PD patients compared with Controls (P < 0.05 for all of them). Increased levels of HDLc, in PD patients, were associated with the APOE3/3 versus APOE-/4 genotypes (P = 0.012). The APOE polymorphism does not distinguish PD patients from Controls, as opposed to the lipid profile alone or in association with APOE. Furthermore, a relationship between increase of HDLc levels and APOE3 in homozygous was found in PD patients only.