Effect of quercetin on E-NTPDase/E-ADA activities and cytokine secretion of complete Freund adjuvant-induced arthritic rats.

The effect of quercetin was assessed in rats induced with complete Freund adjuvant (CFA). Arthritis scores, paw oedema, latency, activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO), ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase), and ectoadenosine deaminase (E-ADA) in lymphocytes were determined. Furthermore, nucleotide and nucleoside levels as well as the secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. Animals were treated with saline and quercetin in doses of 5, 25, and 50 mg/kg for 45 days. The result revealed that quercetin (50 mg/kg) reduced arthritis score and paw oedema, and increased the latency in the thermal hyperalgesia test. Histopathological analysis showed that all the doses of quercetin reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells. MPO activity was increased in the arthritis group; however, quercetin reduced this activity. E-NTPDase activity was increased in lymphocytes of arthritis rats, and treatment with quercetin reversed this increase. However, E-ADA activity was reduced in the arthritis group, and treatment with quercetin modulated the activity of this enzyme in arthritis rat groups. Serum adenosine levels were increased in arthritis, and the levels were lowered with quercetin treatment. Quercetin treatment in arthritis groups decreased the elevated levels of cytokines in the arthritis control group. Thus, quercetin demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect, and this flavonoid may be a promising natural compound for the treatment of arthritis. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Quercetin may represent a potential therapeutic compound in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Findings from this study indicate that quercetin suppresses swelling and attenuates the underlying inflammatory responses. This is the first report where quercetin was shown to modulate the immune response to arthritis via attenuation of the purinergic system (E-NTPDase and E-ADA activities) and the levels of IFN-gamma and IL-4. Thus, this work is relevant to basic research and may be translated into clinical practice.

Free and nanoencapsulated vitamin D3 : effects on E-NTPDase and E-ADA activities in an animal model with induced arthritis.

UNLABELLED: The effect of vitamin D3 in oral solution (VD3 ) and vitamin D3 -loaded nanocapsules (NC-VD3 ) was analysed in animals with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis (AR). For this purpose, we evaluated scores for arthritis, thermal hyperalgesia and paw oedema, as well as histological analyses and measurements of the activity of the ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase) and ecto-adenosine deaminase (E-ADA) enzymes in rat lymphocytes. Haematological and biochemical parameters were also determined. The doses administered were 120 UI/day of VD3 and 15.84 UI/day of NC-VD3 . Fifteen days after the induction of AR, the groups were treated for 15 days with vitamin D3 . The results demonstrated that VD3 was able to reduce arthritis scores, thermal hyperalgesia and paw oedema in rats with CFA-induced arthritis. However, treatment with NC-VD3 did not reduce arthritis scores. The histological analyses showed that both formulations were able to reduce the inflammatory changes induced by CFA. The activity of E-NTPDase in rat lymphocytes was higher in the AR compared with the control group, while the activity of E-ADA was lower. This effect was reversed after the 15-day treatment. Data from this study indicates that both forms of vitamin D3 seem to contribute to decreasing the inflammatory process induced by CFA, possibly altering the activities of ectoenzymes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: The effects promoted by both formulations of vitamin D3 , either in oral solution or nanoencapsulated form, strongly suggests the softening of the inflammatory process induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), possibly altering the E-NTPDase and E-ADA activities. However, it is known that vitamin D has a beneficial effect on the modulation of the immune system components responsible for the inflammatory process. Moreover, the establishment of responses to treatment with vitamin D3 may provide an alternative for inhibiting the proinflammatory response, assisting in our understanding of the immunopathology of this disease and possibly improving the signs and symptoms that hinder the quality of life of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. HIGHLIGHTS: Evaluation of the effects on the E-NTPDase and E-ADA activities in an animal model of induced arthritis. Two formulations of vitamin D3 were used: form oral solution and nanoencapsulated. Vitamin D3 seems to contribute to the inflammatory process induced by CFA. Vitamin D3 possibly alters the E-NTPDase and E-ADA activities. Vitamin D3 may be an alternative supplementary treatment for chronic arthritis.

An experimental model of contact dermatitis: evaluation of the oxidative profile of Wistar rats treated with free and nanoencapsulated clobetasol.

OBJECTIVE: An experimental animal model of contact dermatitis (CD) was used to investigate the effects of free and nanoencapsulated clobetasol propionate on the skin and on the oxidative profile of liver tissue. METHODS: Female Wistar rats were divided into six groups, each containing eight rats. The first group, control (C), was sensitized with solid vaseline. Group 2, (CD), was sensitized with 5% NiSO(4). Groups 3 and 4 were sensitized with 5% NiSO(4) and treated with free (FC) and nanoencapsulated (NC) clobetasol (0.42 mg/g), respectively, daily for 5 days. Group 5 was treated with nanoencapsulated clobetasol (0.42 mg/g) on days 1, 3, and 5 (C135) and group 6 received a hydrogel containing empty nanoparticles (NP) daily for 5 days. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), carbonyl levels, non-protein sulfhydryl groups (NPSH) and catalase activity were measured in liver homogenates. RESULTS: A significant increase was observed in the levels of TBARS, NPSH, and catalase activity for the groups CD and NP. DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that both NiSO(4) sensitization and NP administration induced oxidation of cellular lipids and activated the antioxidant enzyme catalase to protect from this damage. These results also indicated that daily treatment with the free and nanoencapsulated clobetasol, as well as treatment with the nanoencapsulated clobetasol every other day, were able to prevent these redox alterations and protect against histological damage.

Evaluación histológica de Straumann Bone Ceramic® en defectos óseos en tibias de conejo / Histological evaluation of Straumann Bone Ceramic® in bone defects in the rabbit tibia

Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la utilización de Straumann® Bone Ceramic en el relleno de defectos óseos, pues es presentado como un sustituto óseo 100% sintético, con una óptima morfología para estimular la formación de hueso vital. Las excelentes propiedades humectantes facilitan su manipulación y aplicación y funciona como una estructura de soporte para la adhesión de hueso durante el proceso de osteogénesis. La estabilidad mecánica del volumen aumentado es mantenida gracias a la lenta reabsorción de la hidroxiapatita, que impide el exceso de reabsorción. Fueron utilizados para este trabajo seis conejos New Zeland, siendo utilizadas las tibias donde fueron elaborados defectos óseos con trefinas de 4 mm de diámetro. Transcurridos períodos de 30 y 60 días, los animales fueron sacrificados y se siguieron los trámites de laboratorio de rutina para el análisis histológico. Los resultados demostraron que la utilización de éste material para el relleno de defectos óseos, presenta un resultado significativamente superior a los sitios control, posibilitando una actividad celular mucho mas intensa. También se observó una gran facilidad de manipulación e instalación del material en el sitio. Se concluyó que Straumann® Bone Ceramic auxilió en el proceso regenerativo del defecto óseo creado experimentalmente, actuando como un agente ósteo-conductor, aumentando la proliferación celular para esas áreas.

This study aims to evaluate the use of Straumann Bone Ceramic® in filling bone defects, it is presented as a 100% synthetic bone substitute, with optimal morphology to stimulate new bone formation. The excellent wetting properties facilitate handling and application and functions as a structure for membership support bone during the process of osteogenesis. The increased volume mechanical stability is maintained due to the slow resorption of the hydroxyapatite, which prevents excessive resorption. Were used for this job six New Zealand rabbits, the tibiae being used where they were processed trephine bone defects 4 mm indiameter. After periods of 30 and 60 days, animals were sacrificed and followed the procedures for routine laboratories for histological analysis. The results showed that use of the material reviewed for the filling of bone defects presents a result significantly higher than the control sites, enabling a much more intense cellular activity. There is also a great ease of handling and installation of material on the site. It was concluded that Straumann Bone Ceramic® aid in the regenerative process experimentally created bone defect, acting as an agent osteoconductive, increasing cell proliferation for these areas.