Langerhans cell histiocytosis mimicking molluscum contagiosum: A case series.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disorder characterized by accumulation of Langerhans-like cells in one or various organs. A correct staging work-up is essential since there are multiorgan presentations with a poor prognosis. We report three patients with LCH skin lesions mimicking molluscum contagiosum in association with both high and low risk organ involvement. This peculiar cutaneous presentation can be a clue for the diagnosis of LCH, a disease with potentially severe systemic involvement.

La espectrometría de masas en el laboratorio de microbiología clínica / Mass spectrometry in the clinical microbiology laboratory

Actualmente, las enfermedades infecciosas siguen causando una elevada mortalidad y morbilidad. Los métodos de diagnóstico microbiológico se basan en el cultivo seguido de la identificación fenotípica del microorganismo una vez aislado, y el tiempo necesario para su obtención puede variar de 24 a 48h. Dado que la identificación microbiológica repercute directamente en el manejo del paciente y su pronóstico, son necesarias nuevas herramientas diagnósticas capaces de detectar e identificar cualquier microorganismo de manera rápida y fiable. A lo largo de los últimos años se han desarrollado diferentes técnicas moleculares basadas en la amplificación genética con el objetivo de reducir el tiempo necesario para la identificación de los microorganismos implicados en diferentes tipos de procesos infecciosos. Por otro lado, la espectrometría de masas ha surgido como una alternativa rápida y eficaz a los métodos convencionales para la identificación de microorganismos. En esta revisión se describe la tecnología en sus dos formas más utilizadas -desorción/ionización por láser asistida por matriz (MALDI-TOF) e ionización por electrospray (ESI-TOF)- para el análisis tanto de las proteínas como de los ácidos nucleicos microbianos, así como las diferentes plataformas comerciales disponibles. Así mismo, se hace una revisión de los trabajos de mayor interés en microbiología clínica (AU)

Infectious diseases are still a cause of high mortality and morbidity rates. Current microbiological diagnostic methods are based on culture and phenotypic identification of isolated microorganisms, which can be obtained in about 24-48 h. Given that the microbiological identification is of major importance for patient management, new diagnostic methods are needed in order to detect and identify microorganisms in a timely and accurate manner. Over the last few years, several molecular techniques based on the amplification of microbial nucleic acids have been developed with the aim of reducing the time needed for the identification of the microorganisms involved in different infectious processes. On the other hand, mass spectrometry has emerged as a rapid and consistent alternative to conventional (..) (AU)

[Mass spectrometry in the clinical microbiology laboratory]. / La espectrometría de masas en el laboratorio de microbiología clínica.

Infectious diseases are still a cause of high mortality and morbidity rates. Current microbiological diagnostic methods are based on culture and phenotypic identification of isolated microorganisms, which can be obtained in about 24-48 h. Given that the microbiological identification is of major importance for patient management, new diagnostic methods are needed in order to detect and identify microorganisms in a timely and accurate manner. Over the last few years, several molecular techniques based on the amplification of microbial nucleic acids have been developed with the aim of reducing the time needed for the identification of the microorganisms involved in different infectious processes. On the other hand, mass spectrometry has emerged as a rapid and consistent alternative to conventional methods for microorganism identification. This review describes the most widely used mass spectrometry technologies -matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) and electrospray ionization time-of-flight (ESI-TOF)-, both for protein and nucleic acid analysis, as well as the commercial platforms available. Related publications of most interest in clinical microbiology are also reviewed.

Posibilidades actuales para predecir la respuesta a la terapia en pacientes con hepatitis C crónica por el genotipo 1 del virus de la hepatitis C / Current options for predicting therapeutic response in chronically infected patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1

Únicamente el 50% de los pacientes con infección crónica por el genotipo 1 del virus de la hepatitis C responde con éxito a la terapia estándar con interferón alfa pegilado y ribavirina, y los recientemente aprobados inhibidores de la proteasa deberán administrarse conjuntamente con estos dos fármacos. En consecuencia, predecir la respuesta a la terapia estándar, idealmente antes de iniciarla, sigue siendo un reto importante. Aunque se han descrito varios factores basales predictivos del fallo terapéutico, tanto del hospedador como del virus, ninguno de ellos es capaz de proporcionar predicciones fiables a nivel individual. Por otro lado, el desarrollo de modelos multivariantes que agrupan varios factores predictivos, hasta el momento no ha permitido obtener predicciones con el grado de fiabilidad necesario para poder ser implementados en la práctica clínica. Por lo tanto es necesario seguir investigando para mejorar estos modelos predictivos y describir nuevos factores que nos ayuden a predecir la respuesta de manera más fiable y reproducible. El desarrollo de algoritmos de selección de candidatos a recibir las nuevas terapias en función de sus probabilidades de responder o no a la terapia estándar permitirá reducir los costes asociados al tratamiento y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Con esta revisión hemos querido dar una visión de las posibilidades actuales para predecir la respuesta a la terapia estándar en los pacientes con hepatitis C crónica por el genotipo 1 del virus de la hepatitis C (AU)

Only about 50% of patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 achieve a successful response to standard treatment with pegylated interferon-alfa and ribavirin. Moreover, the recently approved protease inhibitors will have to be administered together with these drugs. Consequently, predicting response to standard treatment, ideally before starting it, remains an important challenge. Although several baseline predictors of treatment failure have been described, including clinical and virological factors, none of them is able to provide reliable predictions at the individual level. In addition, the development of multivariate models combining several predictive factors has not yet yielded predictions with the requisite reliability for use in clinical practice. Therefore, further research is needed to improve predictive models and to describe new factors that would enable us to predict treatment outcome with greater reliability and reproducibility. The development of candidate selection algorithms that help clinicians to identify which patients could benefit from the new therapies on the basis of their chances of responding to standard therapy is of major interest for both patient well-being and healthcare expense. This review attempts to provide a view of the current options for predicting the response to pegylated interferon-alfa plus ribavirin therapy in patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 (AU)

[Current options for predicting therapeutic response in chronically infected patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1]. / Posibilidades actuales para predecir la respuesta a la terapia en pacientes con hepatitis C crónica por el genotipo 1 del virus de la hepatitis C.

Only about 50% of patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 achieve a successful response to standard treatment with pegylated interferon-alfa and ribavirin. Moreover, the recently approved protease inhibitors will have to be administered together with these drugs. Consequently, predicting response to standard treatment, ideally before starting it, remains an important challenge. Although several baseline predictors of treatment failure have been described, including clinical and virological factors, none of them is able to provide reliable predictions at the individual level. In addition, the development of multivariate models combining several predictive factors has not yet yielded predictions with the requisite reliability for use in clinical practice. Therefore, further research is needed to improve predictive models and to describe new factors that would enable us to predict treatment outcome with greater reliability and reproducibility. The development of candidate selection algorithms that help clinicians to identify which patients could benefit from the new therapies on the basis of their chances of responding to standard therapy is of major interest for both patient well-being and healthcare expense. This review attempts to provide a view of the current options for predicting the response to pegylated interferon-alfa plus ribavirin therapy in patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1.