Evaluation and comparison of silorane resin composite to glass ionomer in occluso-proximal restorations of primary molars: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: In general, proximal restorations of primary molars fracture, so it is vital to study the new materials that could solve this problem. Hence, the present trial assessed the success of occluso-proximal atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) restorations using silorane and glass ionomer cement (GIC) in carious primary molars for a period of 2 years. Materials and Methods: One hundred and ninety-two children between the age group of 4 and 9 years were randomly allocated to GIC or silorane. In the clinical set up, they were treated by a pediatric dentist, and their restorations were evaluated at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. The primary outcome was the survival of restoration, which was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier and superior Cox regression models. As a sensitivity analysis, intention-to-treat (ITT) was executed. Sex, age, molar, jaw, cavity volume, and caries incidence were the independent variables. Results: The restoration survival after 24 months for GIC and silorane was 82.75% and 88.88%, respectively, whereas ITT analysis showed a success of 84.37% and 89.58% for GIC and silorane, respectively. Conclusion: With regard to longevity, there was no statistically significant difference between silorane and GIC in primary molar occlusoproximal ART restorations.

The COVID-19 pandemic in a paediatric population: A health care perspective.

SARS-CoV-2, a member of the coronaviridae family, has caused a deadly pandemic known as the Coronavirus disease 2019, (COVID-19). Paediatric patients get infected by direct exposures or airborne droplets, mostly from households with a cluster of infection or a history of exposure to outbreak areas. COVID-19 is contagious in children (those under the age of 18), with an average incubation time of around 6.5 days. Paediatric patients account for less than 5% of total COVID-19 patients worldwide, and hence studies involving such subjects are unlikely in the near future. As a result, there are inadequate data about COVID-19 infection in children. Therefore, we present this systematic review to understand the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostic outcomes, and available options for the management of COVID-19 in paediatric populations in order to advise clinical and public health policy choices for safety of children worldwide.

Response of intra canal medicaments on viability and survival of SHEDs.

BACKGROUND: Regenerative endodontic procedures (REP) rely on the principles of tissue engineering and take advantage of the regenerative abilities of Stem Cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs). Since REPs advise the minimal instrumentation of root canals, they are more dependent on intracanal medicaments with antimicrobial activity to provide a sterile environment for pulpal regeneration. Hence present trial was conducted to examine the influence of different intracanal medicaments on SHEDs proliferation and survival. STUDY DESIGN: SHEDs were cultured by using the long-term explant culture method and characterized using flow cytometry and exposed to different concentrations of calcium hydroxide, doxycycline, potassium iodide, triamcinolone, and glutaraldehyde. SHEDs were subjected to the 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol -2 -yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H- tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, apoptosis using the Annexin V-binding assay and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity. RESULTS: All medicaments significantly reduced cell viability at different concentrations over different exposure times. Highest number of live cells and ALP activity was observed in SHEDs cultured in calcium hydroxide. CONCLUSION: Potassium iodide and glutaraldehyde were the significantly less likely of all the medications examined to adversely affect the viability and survival of SHEDs.

Reduction in Bacterial Loading using Papacarie and Carisolv as an Irrigant in Pulpectomized Primary Molars - A Preliminary Report.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reduction in bacterial loading using Papacarie and Carisolv as an irrigating solution in pulpectomized primary molars. Study design: A controlled, randomized clinical trial involving 120 necrotic canals from both genders between 3 and 7 years old children were included, 30 irrigated with Papacarie [ group I], Carisolv [ group II], 1% NaOCl gel [ group III] and 1% Na0Cl solution [group IV ] each; in all cases, 2 microbiological samples from within the canals were taken with sterile paper points, the first after the canal opening and before the first irrigation, and the second after instrumentation and final irrigation, before obturation. All samples were evaluated by Agar plate method. Results: The results were statistically analyzed by ANOVA. After analyzing samples before and after irrigation in all the groups, a strong significant decrease in bacterial load [ p = < 0.001 ] was found with Papacarie and Carisolv. Conclusion: Papacarie and Carisolv can be suggested as an alternative irrigant for pulpectomy of necrotic teeth.

Caries Removal by Chemomechanical (Carisolv™) vs. Rotary Drill: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Chemomechanical caries removal is an effective alternative to the traditional rotary drilling method. The advantages of chemomechanical techniques in terms of the need for anesthesia, pain perception and patient preference are systematically reviewed and a meta-analysis of the time required for caries removal is reported. METHOD: Randomized controlled studies of comparison of chemomechanical techniques with conventional rotary drill were selected from a systematic search of standard biomedical databases, including the PubMed and Cochrane clinical trials. Non-repeated search results were screened for relevance and risk of bias assessment, followed by methodology assessment. Statistical models were applied to the outcome parameters - time required, pain perception, need of anesthesia and patient preference - extracted from the studies. RESULTS: Out of the 111 non-repeated search results, 26 studies receiving a low bias score were selected for the review, and 16 randomized clinical trials of rotary and Carisolv techniques were considered for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis by fixed effect as well as random effect models indicate that Carisolv takes more time (3.65 ± 0.05 and 4.09 ± 0.29 min) than rotary drill (8.65 ± 0.09 and 8.97 ± 0.66 min) method. Advantages of reduced pain (14.67 for Carisolv vs. 6.76 for rotary drill), need for anesthesia (1.59% vs. 10.52%) outweigh the longer time requirement and make it the preferred (18.68% vs. 4.69%) method. CONCLUSION: Chemomechanical techniques stand out as a minimally invasive and preferred method based on the meta-analyses. Evaluation of pain experienced using robust methods is needed to strengthen the evidence for their use.