Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Fully Vaccinated Nursing Home Residents and Workers.

Persons living or working in nursing homes faced a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections during the pandemic, resulting in heightened morbidity and mortality among older adults despite robust vaccination efforts. This prospective study evaluated the humoral and cellular immunity in fully vaccinated residents and workers from two nursing homes in Madrid, Spain, from 2020 to 2021. Measurements of IgG levels were conducted in August 2020 (pre-vaccination) and June and September 2021 (post-vaccination), alongside assessments of neutralizing antibodies and cellular responses in September 2021 among the most vulnerable individuals. Follow-up extended until February 2022 to identify risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection or mortality, involving 267 residents (mean age 87.6 years, 81.3% women) and 302 workers (mean age 50.7 years, 82.1% women). Residents exhibited a significantly higher likelihood of experiencing COVID-19 before June 2021 compared with nursing staff (OR [95% CI], 7.2 [3.0 to 17.2], p < 0.01). Participants with a history of previous COVID-19 infection showed more significant increases in IgG levels in August 2020, June 2021 and September 2021, alongside an increased proportion of neutralizing antibodies in the most vulnerable individuals. However, IgG decay remained the same between June and September 2021 based on the previous COVID-19 status. During the Omicron variant wave, residents and staff showed a similar rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Notably, preceding clinical or immunological factors before receiving three vaccination doses did not demonstrate associations with COVID-19 infection or overall mortality in our participant cohort.

Antimicrobial Agent Use for Urinary Tract Infection in Long-Term Care Facilities in Spain: Results from a Retrospective Analytical Cohort Analysis.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are highly prevalent in long-term care facilities, constituting the most common infection in this setting. Our research focuses on analyzing clinical characteristics and antimicrobial prescriptions for UTIs in residents across nursing homes (NH) in Spain. This is a retrospective analytical cohort analysis using a multifaceted approach based on the normalization process theory to improve healthcare quality provided by nursing staff in 34 NHs in Spain. In this study, we present the results of the first audit including 719 UTI cases collected between February and April 2023, with an average age of 85.5 years and 74.5% being women. Cystitis and pyelonephritis presented distinct symptom patterns. Notably, 6% of asymptomatic bacteriuria cases were treated. The prevalence of dipstick usage was 83%, and that of urine culture was only 16%, raising concerns about overreliance, including in the 46 asymptomatic cases, leading to potential overdiagnosis and antibiotic overtreatment. Improved diagnostic criteria and personalized strategies are crucial for UTI management in NHs, emphasizing the need for personalized guidelines on the management of UTIs to mitigate indiscriminate antibiotic use in asymptomatic cases.

Situación y actividad de las unidades de geriatría de enlace con residencias de mayores en la Comunidad de Madrid / Situation and activity of the liaison geriatrics units with nursing homes in the Community of Madrid

Introducción: En junio de 2020, tras la primera ola de la pandemia de COVID-19, se crearon unidades de geriatría de enlace hospitalaria y unidades de atención a residencia de atención primaria en la Comunidad de Madrid, para mejorar la atención sanitaria a los residentes de forma coordinada. Objetivo: Analizar la situación y la actividad realizada por las unidades de geriatría de enlace hospitalaria. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal realizado mediante una encuesta electrónica que se envió a los geriatras de enlace en marzo de 2022, incluyendo los siguientes apartados: recursos disponibles, áreas de atención sanitaria, motivos de consulta, intervenciones asistenciales, actividad investigadora y/o docente, perfiles de residentes atendidos y coordinación con otros profesionales hospitalarios en dicho momento. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los datos. Resultados: Respondieron 100% de las unidades de geriatría de enlace existentes, describiendo importantes diferencias en cuanto a los recursos humanos, el horario de atención y el volumen de pacientes atendidos. Respecto a la actividad asistencial de estas unidades, destacaron la consulta telemática, la valoración presencial durante la hospitalización y en el servicio de urgencias. Los principales motivos de valoración fueron la toma de decisiones, patología aguda y síndromes geriátricos y, entre las intervenciones, la gestión de fármacos de uso hospitalario y de material ortoprotésico. (AU)

Introduction: In June 2020, after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, Hospital-Based Liaison Geriatrics units and Primary Care nursing care units were created in the Community of Madrid to improve health care for residents in a coordinated manner. Objective: To analyze the situation and the activity of the Hospital-Based Liaison Geriatrics units. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an electronic survey prepared and sent to the liaison geriatricians in March 2022, including the following sections: available resources, areas of health care, reasons for consultation, care interventions, research and teaching activity, profiles of residents attended and coordination with other health professionals at that time. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed. Results: 100% of the existing Liaison Geriatrics units responded, describing essential differences in human resources, hours of care and volume of patients attended. Regarding the care activity of these units, they highlighted the telematic consultation, and the face-to-face assessment during hospitalization and in the emergency department. The main reasons for assessment were decision-making, acute pathology and geriatric syndromes; and the in-hospital drug management or orthoprosthetic aids among the interventions. (AU)

[Situation and activity of the liaison geriatrics units with nursing homes in the Community of Madrid]. / Situación y actividad de las unidades de geriatría de enlace con residencias de mayores en la Comunidad de Madrid.

INTRODUCTION: In June 2020, after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, Hospital-Based Liaison Geriatrics units and Primary Care nursing care units were created in the Community of Madrid to improve health care for residents in a coordinated manner. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the situation and the activity of the Hospital-Based Liaison Geriatrics units. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an electronic survey prepared and sent to the liaison geriatricians in March 2022, including the following sections: available resources, areas of health care, reasons for consultation, care interventions, research and teaching activity, profiles of residents attended and coordination with other health professionals at that time. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed. RESULTS: 100% of the existing Liaison Geriatrics units responded, describing essential differences in human resources, hours of care and volume of patients attended. Regarding the care activity of these units, they highlighted the telematic consultation, and the face-to-face assessment during hospitalization and in the emergency department. The main reasons for assessment were decision-making, acute pathology and geriatric syndromes; and the in-hospital drug management or orthoprosthetic aids among the interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the heterogeneity in the resources of the different Liaison Geriatric units, there is a similarity in their care activity and the use of telemedicine. It is common to request an assessment for decision-making, acute pathology or geriatric syndromes and interventions for managing in-hospital drugs and tests, orthoprosthetic aids and coordination with other specialists. Liaison Geriatrics units must continue leading quality health care coordinated with nursing homes, as well as continuity of care for residents.

A Smartphone-Based Platform Assisted by Artificial Intelligence for Reading and Reporting Rapid Diagnostic Tests: Evaluation Study in SARS-CoV-2 Lateral Flow Immunoassays.

BACKGROUND: Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are being widely used to manage COVID-19 pandemic. However, many results remain unreported or unconfirmed, altering a correct epidemiological surveillance. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate an artificial intelligence-based smartphone app, connected to a cloud web platform, to automatically and objectively read RDT results and assess its impact on COVID-19 pandemic management. METHODS: Overall, 252 human sera were used to inoculate a total of 1165 RDTs for training and validation purposes. We then conducted two field studies to assess the performance on real-world scenarios by testing 172 antibody RDTs at two nursing homes and 96 antigen RDTs at one hospital emergency department. RESULTS: Field studies demonstrated high levels of sensitivity (100%) and specificity (94.4%, CI 92.8%-96.1%) for reading IgG band of COVID-19 antibody RDTs compared to visual readings from health workers. Sensitivity of detecting IgM test bands was 100%, and specificity was 95.8% (CI 94.3%-97.3%). All COVID-19 antigen RDTs were correctly read by the app. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed reading system is automatic, reducing variability and uncertainty associated with RDTs interpretation and can be used to read different RDT brands. The web platform serves as a real-time epidemiological tracking tool and facilitates reporting of positive RDTs to relevant health authorities.

Short-Term Therapeutic Adherence of Hospitalized Older Patients with Oropharyngeal Dysphagia after an Education Intervention: Analysis of Compliance Rates, Risk Factors and Associated Complications.

Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is associated with adverse outcomes that require a multidisciplinary approach with different strategies. Our aim was to assess the adherence of older patients to dysphagia management recommendations during hospitalization, after a specific nurse guided dysphagia education intervention and to identify short term complications of OD and their relationship with short-term adherence. We carried out a prospective observational study in an acute and an orthogeriatric unit of a university hospital over ten months with a one-month follow-up. Four hundred and forty-seven patients (mean age 92 years, 70.7% women) were diagnosed with dysphagia using Volume-Viscosity Swallow Test (V-VST). Compensatory measures and individualized recommendations were explained in detail by trained nurse. Therapeutic adherence was directly observed during hospital admission, after an education intervention, and self-reported after one-month. We also recorded the following reported complications at one month, including respiratory infection, use of antibiotics, weight loss, transfers to the emergency department, or hospitalization). Postural measures and liquid volume were advised to all patients, followed by modified texture food (95.5%), fluid thickeners (32.7%), and delivery method (12.5%). The in-hospital compliance rate with all recommendations was 37.1% and one-month after hospital discharge was 76.4%. Both compliance rates were interrelated and were lower in patients with dementia, malnutrition, and safety signs. Higher compliance rates were observed for sitting feeding and food texture, and an increase in adherence after discharge in the liquid volume and use of thickeners. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that adherence to recommendations during the month after discharge was associated with lower short-term mortality and complications (i.e., respiratory infection, use of antibiotics, weight loss, transfers to the emergency department, or hospitalization). One-third of our participants followed recommendations during hospitalization and three-quarters one month after admission, with higher compliance for posture and food texture. Compliance should be routinely assessed and fostered in older patients with dysphagia.

Spanish translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the SarQoL®: a specific health-related quality of life questionnaire for sarcopenia.

BACKGROUND: In 2015, a specific health-related quality of life questionnaire for sarcopenia, SarQoL®, was developed and validated in French. Since then, SarQoL® has been adapted and validated in different languages. We prepared a translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the psychometric properties of the SarQoL® into Spanish. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 86 participants. The translation and adaptation followed international guidelines with two direct translations, a synthesized version of the direct translations, two reverse translations, consensus by an expert committee of a pre-final version, pre-test by end users and final version. The discriminative power (logistic regression analyses), construct validity (Pearson and Spearman´s correlation), internal consistency (Cronbach´s alpha coefficient), test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient) and ceiling and floor effects were analyzed. RESULTS: The Spanish version showed good construct validity (high correlation with comparable domains of the SF-36), high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient: 0.84) and excellent test-retest reliability (ICC: 0.967, 95%, CI 0.917 - 0.989). However, it had no discriminative power between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic participants defined with the EWGSOP and FNIH diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia. It did show discriminative power between patients with decreased vs normal muscle strength (54.9 vs. 62.6, p 0.009) and low vs. normal physical performance (57.3 vs. 70.2; p 0.005). No ceiling or floor effect was found. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of SarQoL® has similar psychometric properties to those of the original version of the instrument. It did not discriminate between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients diagnosed according to the EWGSOP or FNIH criteria, but it did with those with low muscle strength and low physical performance.

Proactive Geriatric Comanagement of Nursing Home Patients by a New Hospital-Based Liaison Geriatric Unit: A New Model for the Future.

During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, hospital-based liaison geriatric units (LGUs) were created in Spanish hospitals with the aim to improve health care coordination between nursing homes (NHs) and hospitals. Our university hospital created a comprehensive, proactive LGU serving 31 public and private NHs of different sizes and characteristics to offer support to more than 2500 residents. In the first 3 months of 2021, this LGU performed 1252 assessments (81% as outpatients, 12% at the emergency department, and 7% during hospitalization), avoiding an estimated 49 hospital transfers and 29 hospitalizations. Other activities included giving NHs support and advice during COVID-19 outbreaks, comanagement of selected residents with other hospital-based specialists (implementing telemedicine), and implementation of a protocol that allowed using drugs only approved for hospital use in selected NHs. This model of LGU has been shown to be feasible, to improve residents' health care, and avoid hospital referrals. Long-term care needs to be re-imagined, and hospital geriatric departments need to prove that they are able to offer expertise to support NH health care professionals.

Characteristics, hospital referrals and 60-day mortality of older patients living in nursing homes with COVID-19 assessed by a liaison geriatric team during the first wave: a research article.

BACKGROUND: The infection by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has been especially serious in older patients. The aim of this study is to describe baseline and clinical characteristics, hospital referrals, 60-day mortality, factors associated with hospital referrals and mortality in older patients living in nursing homes (NH) with suspected COVID-19. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was performed during March and April 2020 of institutionalized patients assessed by a liaison geriatric hospital-based team. Were collected all older patients living in 31 nursing homes of a public hospital catchment area assessed by a liaison geriatric team due to the suspicion of COVID-19 during the first wave, when the hospital system was collapsed. Sociodemographic variables, comprehensive geriatric assessment, clinical characteristics, treatment received including care setting, and 60-days mortality were recorded from electronic medical records. A logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the factors associated with mortality. RESULTS: 419 patients were included in the study (median age 89 years old, 71.6 % women, 63.7 % with moderate-severe dependence, and 43.8 % with advanced dementia). 31.1 % were referred to the emergency department in the first assessment, with a higher rate of hospital referral in those with better functional and mental status. COVID-19 atypical symptoms like functional decline, delirium, or eating disorders were frequent. 36.9% had died in the 60 days following the first call. According to multivariate logistic regression age (p 0.010), Barthel index <60 (p 0.002), presence of tachypnea (p 0.021), fever (p 0.006) and the use of ceftriaxone (p 0.004) were associated with mortality. No mortality differences were found between those referred to the hospital or cared at the nursing home. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: 31% of the nursing home patients assessed by a liaison geriatric hospital-based team for COVID-19 were referred to the hospital, being more frequently referred those with a better functional and cognitive situation. The 60-days mortality rate due to COVID-19 was 36.8% and was associated with older age, functional dependence, the presence of tachypnea and fever, and the use of ceftriaxone. Geriatric comprehensive assessment and coordination between NH and the hospital geriatric department teams were crucial.

[Survey on innovation in the teaching of Geriatrics at the Spanish Medical Schools]. / Encuesta sobre innovación en la docencia de Geriatría en las Facultades de Medicina españolas.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the innovations in teaching of Geriatrics at the Spanish Medical Schools. METHODOLOGY: Interviews with those responsible for Geriatrics teaching at the Spanish Medical Schools through a short online survey. Existing Geriatrics curricula and responsible professors were identified by reviewing the curricula of the different Medical Schools. RESULTS: 35 of the 42 Medical Schools incorporated teaching in Geriatrics in 2019 with an answer rate of 94.3%. Regarding Geriatrics training it stand out classic methods (master classes, clinical rotations, and theoretical seminars), followed by innovation of teaching programs (clinical simulation and use of new technologies). While OSCE and portfolio stand out among the innovative evaluation tools of Geriatrics teaching. Of the 33 Medical Schools with Geriatrics teaching surveyed, 60.6% of them included the use of at least one innovative teaching or evaluation methodology. CONCLUSIONS: Although the classical model predominates as a teaching methodology in Geriatrics, different innovations are also used in the undergraduate teaching in Spain. It is necessary to continue working in this area that may help a better level of skills in Geriatrics for our students.

Oropharyngeal dysphagia in older patients with hip fracture.

BACKGROUND: oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) and hip fracture are common problems in older patients, both associated with important complications. OBJECTIVE: the aim of this study was to measure the prevalence and identify the main risk factors of dysphagia in older patients with hip fracture. DESIGN: a prospective study in an orthogeriatric unit of a university hospital over 10 months. METHODS: a total of 320 patients (mean age 86.2 years, 73.4% women) were assessed for dysphagia within 72 hours post-surgery using the Volume-Viscosity Swallow Test. Geriatric assessment, hip fracture management and complications were examined to determine their relationship with the presence of OD. RESULTS: dysphagia was present in 176 (55%) patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of delirium during hospitalization and the inability to perform instrumental activities of daily living before admission were associated with OD. CONCLUSIONS: the prevalence of OD is high in hip fracture patients. Objective dysphagia assessment should be routinely included as part of the geriatric assessment of such patients.

High Prevalence of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Acutely Hospitalized Patients Aged 80 Years and Older.

OBJECTIVES: Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a geriatric syndrome that is usually underdiagnosed in older patients. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and identify the main risk factors of dysphagia in the oldest old patients admitted to an acute geriatric unit. DESIGN: Observational prospective study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Older patients admitted to an acute geriatric unit of a university hospital. MEASURES: 329 patients (mean age 93.5 years, range 81-106) were assessed for oropharyngeal dysphagia within 48 hours of hospital admission using the Volume-Viscosity Swallow Test. Demographic characteristics, geriatric assessment, geriatric syndromes, comorbidities, drug treatment, and complications were examined to determine their association with the presence of dysphagia. RESULTS: Oropharyngeal dysphagia was present in 271 (82.4%) of the participants. Multivariate logistic regression showed that malnutrition [odds ratio (OR) 3.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-12.93; P = .048], admission for respiratory infection (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.40-5.94; P = .004), delirium (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.40-5.94; P = .004), severe dependency (OR 3.23, 95% CI 1.23-8.87; P = .017), and age (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.21; P = .03) were significantly associated with dysphagia. The use of a calcium antagonist at the time of admission was associated with a reduced risk of dysphagia (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.16-0.92; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia is high in the oldest old patients admitted to an acute geriatric unit when assessed with an objective diagnostic method. Our findings suggest that objective swallowing assessment should be routinely performed on admission in order to start early interventions to avoid complications of dysphagia in this complex population.

Diez recomendaciones para mejorar la enseñanza de la Geriatría en el pregrado / Ten recommendations to improve undergraduate training in Geriatric Medicine

Introducción: El envejecimiento de la población y los avances científicos hacen imprescindible una formación específica en Geriatría para todos los estudiantes de Medicina. Existen distintas recomendaciones internacionales sobre la docencia de Geriatría en el pregrado, que aún está lejos de ofrecerse de forma generalizada. El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar un listado nacional de recomendaciones sobre la docencia de la medicina geriátrica en el pregrado. Material y métodos: Se elaboró un decálogo considerando la situación de la docencia de Geriatría en España en el 2016/2017 y las recomendaciones internacionales. Se alcanzó un consenso global entre los miembros del Grupo de Trabajo de la SEGG «Enseñanza de la Geriatría en el pregrado» mediante 2reuniones presenciales y discusiones a través de correo electrónico. Resultados: Se propone un decálogo de recomendaciones sobre la docencia de Geriatría en las facultades de Medicina españolas, incluyendo las características recomendables con relación a su estado, duración, contenidos, prácticas, profesorado, métodos docentes e innovación. Conclusiones: Estas recomendaciones tienen la finalidad de ayudar a mejorar la enseñanza de Geriatría. Pueden ser empleadas por las distintas facultades de Medicina, ya sea para adaptar la docencia de la Geriatría ya sea para incorporarla

Introduction: Population ageing and scientific progress have made specific training in Geriatrics essential for any medical students. There are different international recommendations on the teaching of Geriatric Medicine at undergraduate level, but they are still far from being offered systematically. The aim of this work was to develop a National list of recommendations in order to improve training in Geriatric Medicine at the undergraduate level. Material and methods: A list of 10 recommendations was produced by reflecting on the Geriatric training situation in Spain in 2016/2017 and international recommendations. Consensus was reached among the members of the Spanish Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology (SEGG) working group on «Geriatric training at undergraduate level» through 2meetings and online discussions. Results: A list of 10 of recommendations on Geriatric training in Spanish Medical Schools is proposed, including areas such as, the status of the discipline in the curriculum, length, contents, practical training, lecturers, teaching methods, and innovation. Conclusions: These recommendations are intended to improve Geriatrics training. They can be used by different Medical Schools either to adapt their programs or to start training in Geriatric Medicine

Uso potencialmente inapropiado de fármacos en cuidados paliativos: versión en castellano de los criterios STOPP-Frail (STOPP-Pal) / Inappropriate drug use in palliative care: SPANISH version of the STOPP-Frail criteria (STOPP-Pal)

La polimedicación y la utilización inapropiada de medicamentos en los pacientes mayores con enfermedad en fase terminal constituyen un grave problema sanitario, tanto por el incremento de efectos adversos prevenibles como por los costes sanitarios asociados a los mismos. Existen diferentes publicaciones que recomiendan la suspensión de determinados medicamentos cuando la esperanza de vida es limitada y el objetivo terapéutico no es la prevención ni la curación, sino el control de los síntomas. Recientemente se han publicado una lista de criterios explícitos (STOPP-Frail) que pueden ayudar al médico prescriptor a la toma de decisiones en la deprescripción de determinados fármacos en pacientes de edad avanzada y con enfermedad en fase terminal. En este artículo se presenta la versión traducida al castellano de los STOPP-Frail que pasará a llamarse STOPP-Pal para evitar confusiones con el concepto de fragilidad más utilizado

Multiple medication and inappropriate drug prescription are prevalent and challenging problems in older patients in end-of-life situations, and increases both preventable adverse events and health care costs. Recent literature recommends de-prescribing some drugs in patients with short life expectancy, when the aim of drug treatments is not prevention or cure, but symptom control. Recently, a list of explicit criteria (STOPP-Frail) intended to guide prescribing physicians in decision making on the use of drugs in older patients with terminal conditions. This article presents a Spanish version of such criteria, which have been named STOPP-Pal to avoid confusion with the current concept of frailty

[Ten recommendations to improve undergraduate training in Geriatric Medicine]. / Diez recomendaciones para mejorar la enseñanza de la Geriatría en el pregrado.

INTRODUCTION: Population ageing and scientific progress have made specific training in Geriatrics essential for any medical students. There are different international recommendations on the teaching of Geriatric Medicine at undergraduate level, but they are still far from being offered systematically. The aim of this work was to develop a National list of recommendations in order to improve training in Geriatric Medicine at the undergraduate level. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A list of 10 recommendations was produced by reflecting on the Geriatric training situation in Spain in 2016/2017 and international recommendations. Consensus was reached among the members of the Spanish Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology (SEGG) working group on «Geriatric training at undergraduate level¼ through 2meetings and online discussions. RESULTS: A list of 10 of recommendations on Geriatric training in Spanish Medical Schools is proposed, including areas such as, the status of the discipline in the curriculum, length, contents, practical training, lecturers, teaching methods, and innovation. CONCLUSIONS: These recommendations are intended to improve Geriatrics training. They can be used by different Medical Schools either to adapt their programs or to start training in Geriatric Medicine.

Evolución de la enseñanza de Geriatría en las facultades de Medicina españolas / Evolution of Geriatric teaching at Spanish Medical schools

OBJETIVO: Determinar la evolución reciente de la enseñanza de la Geriatría en el pregrado en España tras el aumento de facultades de Medicina y el cambio del plan de estudios. METODOLOGÍA: Se compararon las características de la enseñanza de la Geriatría en las facultades de Medicina españolas mediante dos encuestas nacionales realizadas en 2008 y 2015. En ambos casos se analizaron la inclusión de contenidos de Geriatría, el año y la materia en la que se imparte, las características del profesorado responsable y la duración de la misma. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de docencia de Geriatría en las facultades de Medicina de las universidades españolas era del 75% en el 2008 y 77,5% en el 2015. Esta docencia se ha ido haciendo con mayor frecuencia obligatoria (66,7 vs. 96,8%, p < 0,005) pero se ha reducido su carácter de asignatura independiente (71,4 vs. 35,5%, p < 0,01). En ambos años aproximadamente el 50% de las facultades contemplaban aspectos teóricos y prácticos y en el 90% las prácticas tenían un carácter obligatorio. Se ha observado un incremento de la participación de los Servicios de Geriatría (27,3 vs. 47,1%) y de los propios geriatras como docentes directos (38,1 vs. 74,2%, p = 0,03). El tiempo medio programado para esta enseñanza era de 36 y 32 h respectivamente. No se han producido cambios significativos en más de la mitad de las facultades existentes en lo que respecta a inclusión de la Geriatría en el plan de estudios de pregrado, docencia independiente, incorporación de contenidos prácticos, estatus de las prácticas y participación de geriatras. CONCLUSIONES: La docencia de Geriatría ha presentado una evolución ligeramente positiva en muchas características, sin lograr una incorporación universal o los niveles alcanzados en otros países de nuestro entorno

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the recent evolution of Geriatric teaching at undergaduate level in Spain after the recent increase in the number of medical schools and the introductions of changes in the offical curricula. METHODOLOGY: A comparison of several characteristics of Geriatrics teaching at Spanish medical schools was done through two national surveys carried out in 2008 and 2015. The inclusion of Geriatric contents, the year when they are taught, faculty in charge and teaching hours were compared at both time points. RESULTS: The prevalence of Geriatric training was 75% in 2008 and 77.5% in 2015. This training has become compulsory more frequently (66.7 vs. 96.8%, p < .005) but the independence of Geriatrics related to other matters has decreased (71.4 vs. 35.5%, p < .01). In both surveys 50% of medical schools included theoretical and practical contents and in 90% of practices were compulsory. We found an increased of Geriatrics departments (27.3 vs. 47.1%) and geriatricians (38.1 vs. 74.2%, p= .03) in teaching. The mean duration of this training was 36 and 32hours respectively. In more than half of the medical schools existing in both years there were no significant changes in any of the characteristics surveyed. CONCLUSIONS: The teaching of Geriatrics at pregraduate level shows some positive changes, but universal teaching with standards approaching close countries has not yet been achieved

[Inappropriate drug use in palliative care: SPANISH version of the STOPP-Frail criteria (STOPP-Pal)]. / Uso potencialmente inapropiado de fármacos en cuidados paliativos: versión en castellano de los criterios STOPP-Frail (STOPP-Pal).

Multiple medication and inappropriate drug prescription are prevalent and challenging problems in older patients in end-of-life situations, and increases both preventable adverse events and health care costs. Recent literature recommends de-prescribing some drugs in patients with short life expectancy, when the aim of drug treatments is not prevention or cure, but symptom control. Recently, a list of explicit criteria (STOPP-Frail) intended to guide prescribing physicians in decision making on the use of drugs in older patients with terminal conditions. This article presents a Spanish version of such criteria, which have been named STOPP-Pal to avoid confusion with the current concept of frailty.

Talleres integrados de medicina clínica: un enfoque innovador para fomentar la adquisición de competencias clínicas transversales en el grado de medicina / Clinical medicine workshops: an innovative approach to promote cross-discipline clinical skills in the medical degree

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European Society for Swallowing Disorders - European Union Geriatric Medicine Society white paper: oropharyngeal dysphagia as a geriatric syndrome.

This position document has been developed by the Dysphagia Working Group, a committee of members from the European Society for Swallowing Disorders and the European Union Geriatric Medicine Society, and invited experts. It consists of 12 sections that cover all aspects of clinical management of oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) related to geriatric medicine and discusses prevalence, quality of life, and legal and ethical issues, as well as health economics and social burden. OD constitutes impaired or uncomfortable transit of food or liquids from the oral cavity to the esophagus, and it is included in the World Health Organization's classification of diseases. It can cause severe complications such as malnutrition, dehydration, respiratory infections, aspiration pneumonia, and increased readmissions, institutionalization, and morbimortality. OD is a prevalent and serious problem among all phenotypes of older patients as oropharyngeal swallow response is impaired in older people and can cause aspiration. Despite its prevalence and severity, OD is still underdiagnosed and untreated in many medical centers. There are several validated clinical and instrumental methods (videofluoroscopy and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing) to diagnose OD, and treatment is mainly based on compensatory measures, although new treatments to stimulate the oropharyngeal swallow response are under research. OD matches the definition of a geriatric syndrome as it is highly prevalent among older people, is caused by multiple factors, is associated with several comorbidities and poor prognosis, and needs a multidimensional approach to be treated. OD should be given more importance and attention and thus be included in all standard screening protocols, treated, and regularly monitored to prevent its main complications. More research is needed to develop and standardize new treatments and management protocols for older patients with OD, which is a challenging mission for our societies.