Achados audiológicos em pacientes portadores de disfunção temporomandibular / Audiological findings in patients with temporomandibular dysfunction

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar os achados audiológicos em indivíduos com desordem temporomadibular e comparar esses achados com indivíduos sem desordem temporomanbibular. Métodos A amostra foi composta por 39 participantes adultos, de ambos os gêneros, com diagnóstico prévio de desordem temporomandibular (grupo de estudo) e 39 participantes adultos, sem desordem temporomandibular (grupo controle). Todos os participantes foram submetidos à audiometria tonal limiar em altas frequências, imitanciometria e pesquisa das emissões otoacústicas evocadas por produto de distorção. Resultados Observou-se prevalência de desordem temporomandibular no gênero feminino e a média de idade ficou acima da quarta década de vida. Na audiometria tonal limiar, foi observada ocorrência de perda auditiva do tipo neurossensorial e condutiva, no grupo de estudo, além de piores limiares auditivos em altas frequências. Em ambos os grupos, houve maior ocorrência de curva timpanométrica do tipo A, bem como diferenças entre os grupos na pesquisa do reflexo acústico ipsilateral e contralateral e no registro das emissões otoacústicas evocadas por produto de distorção. Conclusão Indivíduos com desordem temporomandibular apresentam piores resultados nos limiares auditivos, na timpanometria, nos reflexos acústicos ipsilaterais e contralaterais e nas emissões otoacústicas evocadas, quando comparados com o grupo controle.

ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the audiological findings in individuals with temporomandibular disorder and compare these findings with individuals without temporomandibular disorder. Methods The sample was composed by 39 adult participants, both genders, with previous diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder (study group) and 39 adult participants, without temporomandibular disorder (control group). All the participants were submitted to audiometry including high frequencies, Immittance acoustic (Tympanometry and contralateral acoustic reflexes) and distortion product evoked otoacoustic emissions. Results The prevalence of temporomandibular disorder on female gender was observed, average age was over forty years old. In the audiometry, it was observed the incidence of hearing loss of a sensorineural and conductive type in the Study Group, besides worst hearing thresholds in high frequencies. In both groups, there was a bigger incidence of a type A tympanometric curve, as well as there were differences between the groups in the research of the ipsilateral and contralateral acoustic reflex and in the recording of distortion product evoked otoacoustic emissions. Conclusion It's possible to conclude that individuals with temporomandibular disorder show worst results in the hearing thresholds, in the tympanometry, in the ipsilateral and contralateral acoustic reflexes, in the evoked otoacoustic emissions, when compared to the control group.

Direct determination of amino acids in brewery worts produced by different processes by capillary zone electrophoresis.

The direct and simultaneous determination of cysteine, histidine, phenylalanine, lysine, tryptophan and arginine in brewery worts by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was applied to evaluate the effects of temperature control and protease supplementation during mashing on the changes of these amino acids (AAs) wort composition. A cation exchange resin was used for AAs extraction from wort samples prior to CZE determination. The separation was achieved using a 50 mmol/L phosphate buffer at pH 12.5, containing 0.4 mmol/L cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), as background electrolyte (BGE) solution; -20 kV; 20°C and hydrodynamic injection time of 15 s, at 50 mbar. Recovery evaluation using worts led to values between 83.1 and 96.2%, demonstrating the method feasibility, which was successfully applied in the quantification of AAs in wort samples. This study showed that temperature control and addition of exogenous proteases in the mashing may increase the AAs concentration in wort, improving the final product quality (beer). The present method is a good alternative for monitoring specific AAs in worts and their determination can allow the brewing process optimization.

Brewery Waste Reuse for Protease Production by Lactic Acid Fermentation.

This study evaluated the use of three solid brewery wastes: brewer's spent grain, hot trub and residual brewer's yeast, as alternative media for the cultivation of lactic acid bacteria to evaluate their potential for proteolytic enzyme production. Initially, a mixture experimental design was used to evaluate the effect of each residue, as well as different mixtures (with the protein content set at 4%) in the enzyme production. At predetermined intervals, the solid and liquid fractions were separated and the extracellular proteolytic activity was determined. After selecting the best experimental conditions, a second experiment, factorial experimental design, was developed in order to evaluate the protein content in the media (1 to 7%) and the addition of fermentable sugar (glucose, 1 to 7%). Among the wastes, residual yeast showed the highest potential for the production of extracellular enzymes, generating a proteolytic extract with 2.6 U/mL in 3 h. However, due to the low content of the fermentable sugars in the medium, the addition of glucose also had a positive effect, increasing the proteolytic activity to 4.9 U/mL. The best experimental conditions of each experimental design were reproduced for comparison, and the enzyme content was separated by ethanol precipitation. The best medium produced a precipitated protein with proteolytic activity of 145.5 U/g.