[Forecasting decrease in performance and health disorders under exposure to work intensity factors in accordance with work conditions class].

Results of complex physiologic and ergonomic, clinical and functional studies helped to justify approaches to quantitative evaluation and assessment of posssible decrease in performance and health disorders in workers in accordance with work conditions class of mental work. Linear regression dependence was established between work intensity class and performance decrease. The linear regression equation obtained enables to calculate a percentage of performance decrease in various work intensity classes. Intensive direct correlation was revealed between work intensity value and a percentage of individuals with diagnosed occupationally induced diseases.

[The physiological features of overstrain formation in mental work and its prevention].

Psychophysiological and biochemical studies have shown that significant neuro- emotional loads produce such functional status, which can be called overstrain. It was found out at the first time that the physiological and biochemical characteristics of overstrain based on the main parameters in mental work. The research proved the preventive measures of human body overstrain and can help to prevent the diseases related to work.

[Physiology of labour: modern theoretical and scientific-practical aspects].

Physiology of labour is the science that studies human being in the professional activity process. Theoretical and practical aspects include two fundamental and interrelated trends based on the theory of functional system. The first area concerns the development of criteria-based foundations of differential diagnostics of organism' various functional states, the return of functions and reserve opportunities. The second area is devoted physiological-ergonomic and hygienic standardization of labor process factors, different intensity and duration muscular and mental loads permissible levels substantiation, as well as in view of gender, age and other personal qualities of the employee.

[Methodic approaches to evaluation of visual performance in professional computer users].

Occupation-related and physiologic studies in workers using personal computers revealed variable degrees of changed visual performance in accordance with work conditions class and integral parameter of work intensity. Findings are that the performance change is caused by lower accomodation volume and decrease in temporary characteristics of clear vision stability. Correlation was established between work conditions class and percentage of the performance decrease during the working shift in videodisplay users.

[Labor physiology role in workers of different type labor activity workability and health. Progress and prospects].

There are presented the data of workers overstrain and fatigue conditions mechanisms based on physiological, psychological and ergonomic aspects of work processes in different types of activities (mental, visual-strained, physical). 15-year historical analysis, current state and prospects of labor physiology methods development are shown. Complex physiological and ergonomic investigations have allowed developing the measures of work ability raise and diseases prevention for workers various professions. Obtained results provided the basis of development of regulatory documents in area of human organism strain physiological norms, consequences of psycho-emotional stress and overstrain prevention taking into account working conditions class.

[Preventing risk of overexertion in mental workers, depending on work conditions class according to work hardiness parameters].

One of the most important tasks of occupational medicine is prevention of overexertion and occupational diseases in physical workers with various characters and degree of muscular exertion (local, regional and general). The studies demonstrated strong corellation between work conditions class in work hardiness, functional state and level of diseases development among 50 occupational groups examined. The article covers specific and differentiated measures on rational work and rest schedules, and other prophylactic means, with consideration of work conditions class for physical workers.

[Visual fatigue in video display terminal users in relation to the type of displayed information].

The functional status of the visual analyzer was studied in professional users of video display terminals (VDT) in relation to the type of displayed information. It was shown that irrespective of the type of displayed information, the VDT users developed visual fatigue over time. With unidirectional changes, visual fatigue was ascertained to be more pronounced and to have developed prematurely in users of VDT with alphanumeric information than in those of VDT with graphic information.

[Risk factors of functional disorders in mental workers].

The authors demonstrated that incomplete consideration of ergonomic requirements in occupational process organization results in more intensive work and therefore to marked unfavorable changes in various human body systems. Preventing functional strain and lowering the occupational risk requires special measures implemented into daily work schedule and into activities of occupational rehabilitation centers.

[Physiologic and ergonomic aspects of social and hygienic monitoring of workers' performance and health].

The article tackles necessity of physiologic and ergonomic research in system of social and hygienic monitoring of workers' performance and health. A presented scheme covers physiologic and ergonimic aspects: monitoring of work process factors; monitoring of workers' performance and functional state. The authors formulated theoretic orientation of the problem and demonstrated scientific and practical importance of physiologic and ergonomic monitoring.

[Methodic approaches to determining the level of occupational fitness in jobs prone to trauma].

The article deals with main methods to evaluate functional state of various body systems and with the methods-based criteria of occupational fitness for miscellaneous activities. Examination of 11 types of jobs prone to trauma helped to specify integral parameter for occupational selection.

[Concept of cerebral mechanisms underlying prolonged adaptation to environmental hazards, according to I.M. Sechenov's scientific heritage].

Occupational medicine is based on scientific ideas of Ivan Mikhailovitch Sechenov, the first Russian researcher of bioelectric activity of brain. Contemporary neurophysiologic methods of formalized quantitative evaluation of homeostasis in higher brain structures enable to optimize early etiologic diagnosis and prevention of central nervous and cardiovascular systems stress under exposure to multiple occupational hazards.

[Scientific ideas of I. M. Sechenov, and neurophysiological studies of system stress conditions in occupational healthcare].

Occupational healthcare is one of the priority directions of modern sciences of life. Its achievements are based upon scientific ideas of Sechenov, the first Russian explorer of brain bioelectric activity. The modern neurophysiologic methodology of formalized quantitative evaluation of homeostasis in the higher brain structures allows optimization of early etiological diagnostics and prevention of stress reactions of central nervous and cardiovascular systems of workers exposed to hazardous factors of industrial environment.

[Psychophysiological aspects of occupational stress in occupational medicine]. / Psikhofiziologicheskie aspekty proizvodstvennogo stressa v meditsine truda.

The authors necessitate complex psychophysiologic, hygienic and clinical research to form a concept of stress induced by occupational factors. The materials disclosure role of fundamental studies, critically review various models (two- and three-dimensional) of stress at work. Analysis of the authors' data and facts obtained by other researchers in detection and evaluation of various stress factors. Essential is to specify prophylactic measures against stress at work for workers' health preservation.

[Peculiarities of stress at work under various work intensity]. / Osobennosti formirovaniia proizvodstvennogo stressa pri razlichnoi napriazhennosti truda.

Complex hygienic approach using psychophysiologic and clinical methods revealed features of occupational stress for various work intensity.

[The probability of impaired health in workers exposed to occupational hazards]. / Veroiatnost' narusheniia zdorov'ia rabotaiushchikh on vozdeistviia neblagopriiatnykh faktorov trudovogo protsessa.

Complex descriptive, physiologic and hygienic studies covered various occupational groups of physical and mental work and revealed that health disorders probability depends on intensity of occupational factors. Increase in the intensity results in higher physiologic expenditure and greater incidence of occupational diseases. Symptoms of disorders appeared to depend on specificity of occupational factors.

[Prophylaxis of muscular stress in physical labor]. / Profilaktika myshechnogo perenapriazheniia pri fizicheskoi rabote.

The authors demonstrated that work of female molders, acquisitors and stacking packers is characterized by physical load, great number of cliched manual movements, intensive inclinations of corpse and constrained working posture. Prolonged exposure to unfavorable occupational factors results in neuromuscular and cardiovascular stress that induces pathologic changes with increasing length of service. Complex of prophylactic measures suggested by the authors proves effective as releases working strain and delays fatigue during the working shift.

[The influence of occupational factors on clinical and physiological states of those working at video-display terminals]. / Vliianie faktorov professional'noo sredy na kliniko-fiziologicheskii status lits, rabotaiushchikh s videodispleinymi terminalami.

The studies proved users of videodisplays to be under exposure to occupational hazards cumulative even in total 4-hour daily work at the videodisplay. That induces energetic and informational stress that clinically resembles fatigue neurosis. The examinees demonstrated premorbid condition, lower physiologic resources, homeostatic potential and occupational health quality.

[The scientific trends and tasks in occupational physiology today]. / Nauchnye napravleniia i zadachi fiziologii truda na sovremennom étape.

Evaluating a human during occupational activities, occupational physiology should put emphasis on two principal and cooperated directions. Those are aimed to minimize occupational risk, preservation of working capacity, long occupational life and human health. The first direction is associated with theoretic and practical work on differential diagnosis of various functional systems: regulation of working strain, fatigue and tension. Work in this direction helps to solve such practical problems as rehabilitation and assessment of human resources, evaluation of occupational stress, design of automated monitoring systems, etc. The second direction covers hygienic regulation of occupational factors. Their intensity and duration should be assessed with consideration of age, personality and other traits of a worker. In addition, combined action of existing hazards and the new ones should be considered in formation of regulatory technology documents.

[Physiological and clinical disorders in muscular work depending on factors of work process]. / Fiziologo-klinicheskie narusheniia pri myshechnoi rabote v zavisimosti ot faktorov trudovogo protsessa.

Clinical and physiologic studies covered 26 occupational groups engaged into physical work and revealed that physiologic value of muscular work is a function of quantitative parameters, intensity and duration of work. Physiologic value of the work appeared to correlate with morbidity structure.

[Bases of the integral indicator in the determination of the category of work intensity]. / Obosnovanie integral'nogo pokazatelia dlia opredeleniia kategorii napriazhennosti truda.

Physiologic and clinical examination of mental workers (19 occupational groups) helped to justify and calculate integral parameter evaluating the work intensity, to determine 6 categories of work intensity. Physiologic and clinical data prove that higher integral parameter of work intensity (category of work intensity) correlates with higher degree of strain at work and higher share of the diseased individuals. The results help to improve classification of hygienic criteria for evaluation of work conditions, in particular the work intensity.