Initial Validation of the Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire in a Sample of Portuguese Athletes.

Our primary objectives in this study were to translate and provide psychometric support for the Coach Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q) Portuguese version, assess its invariance across sex, and explore its nomological validity in relation to enjoyment. Our sample participants were 470 athletes (226 females, 244 males) aged between 16 to 39 years from various individual and team sports. We found that the translated Portuguese version of the CART-Q exhibited satisfactory test-retest reliability and can serve as a reliable tool for evaluating the core constructs of the coach-athlete relationship - closeness, commitment, and complementarity. Moreover, this instrument showed evidence of nomological validity through significant positive correlations between its underlying factors and athletes' enjoyment with their sport. The proposed model for explaining item variance was also found to be invariant between male and female respondents. We recommend further use of this instrument in research and practical applications.

Physical Activity, Anxiety, Depression, and Body Image in Trans Individuals: An Exploratory Study.

Physical activity (PA), mental health, and body image are some important health topics in the transgender population that have been recently discussed and appear to play a crucial role in the quality of life of the trans population. This study aims to elucidate the complex interplay of these variables and their implications for the well-being of trans individuals. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 75 Portuguese transgender individuals (M = 23.68; SD ± 6.59) were recruited to participate in this study. The participants completed three questionnaires related to the assessment of physical activity (IPAQ), depressive and anxious symptomatology (HADS), and satisfaction with body image (BISQp). RESULTS: Trans individuals showed a total energy expenditure of 3316.40 metabolic equivalent tasks (METS), had a moderate level of anxiety symptomatology, and low levels of satisfaction with body image. Satisfaction with body image was negatively associated with anxiety (r = -0.441, p < 0.01) and depression symptomatology (r = -0.600, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of inclusive programs that promote body acceptance and coping strategies, particularly within the context of physical exercise, may help alleviate distress related to body image dissatisfaction while also addressing underlying anxiety and depression symptoms.

Gender Differences in Anthropometric, Functional Capacity Measures and Quality of Life in Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

The aim of the of the current investigation was to investigate the possible differences concerning males and females in anthropometry, body composition, functional capacity, strength and quality of life variables. After obtaining signed informed consent, 37 participants (18 males; 19 females), with mean age of 39.08 and standard deviation of 11.66 years, voluntarily participated in this study. Anthropometry, body composition, functional capacity, strength, and quality of life were assessed using validated and reliable instruments and tests for this population. The males and females were compared using a Mann-Whitney U signed rank test. Significant differences were detected among the following variables, height (p = 0.028), body mass index (p = 0.033), fat mass (p = 0.002), muscle mass (p ≤ 0.001), phase angle (p = 0.005), medicine ball throwing strength (p = 0.010), and peak toque left knee (p = 0.028), with males showing better results in all the variables. The sample in this study showed differences in the anthropometric, composition, and strength variables. Studying this population can help ensure that everyone has equal access to services and adequate support for their personal needs, improving their quality of life.

Physical Activity, Quality of Live and Well-Being in Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disability.

The practice of physical activity, exercise and sport has many benefits for the general population, but studies on the population with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are scarce and inconclusive. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the state of the art on the role of physical activity, exercise and sport in the quality of life and well-being of people with IDD, seeking to understand the current panorama in this area and provide answers to these questions. The research was carried out between July and October 2023 using three databases: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Fifteen articles met the eligibility criteria for this study, and these were methodologically assessed using the Downs and Black scale (1998). Higher values were identified in the total quality of life score and some domains of this variable (e.g., personal development, physical well-being and emotional well-being), in satisfaction with life and in the perception of well-being in individuals with IDD who have enjoyed or are involved in physical activity, physical exercise and/or sports programs. Thus, according to the studies included in this systematic review, we can conclude that the practice of physical activity, physical exercise and sport seems to contribute to improving the quality of life and well-being of people with IDD. Despite the growing research interest in this area, there is still a notable lack of studies exploring the impact of these programs, especially sports-based programs, on quality of life and well-being variables in the population under study.

Exploring the relationship across autonomous motivation, affects, and anxiety among gym practitioners during the second COVID-19 lockdown.

The present study explores the association of autonomous motivation and the relationship of positive and negative affect on anxiety levels among individuals engaged in gym practitioners during the second COVID-19 lockdown. A total of 196 exercisers (29.17 ± 10.77) were enrolled in the present study, of which 112 (57.1%) were women and 84 (42.9%) were men. The survey included sociodemographic data, as well as validated instruments measuring autonomous motivation, positive and negative affect, and anxiety states related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The results revealed a positive association between autonomous motivation and positive affect (ß = 0.36, CI 0.12, 0.37; p < 0.001), and a negative association between autonomous motivation and negative affect (ß = - 0.17, CI - 0.31, - 0.01; p = 0.03). Moreover positive, and negative affect are negatively (ß = - 0.33, CI - 0.43, - 0.24; p < 0.001) and positively (ß = 0.72, CI 0.57, 0.82; p < 0.001) associated to anxiety, respectively. Thus, this study appears to emphasize the association of autonomous motivation on affect as a potential buffer against anxiety levels, particularly in a context where practitioners found themselves restricted in their usual gym practices.

Exploring the Dynamics of Athletes' Enjoyment and Self-Determined Motivation, and of the Motivational Climate in Youth Football: A Longitudinal Perspective.

We aimed to explore a short period longitudinal interplay between athletes' enjoyment and their self-determined motivation and motivational climate in youth football. We recruited 109 youth football athletes (79 males, 30 females) through a convenient sampling method. We included individuals within the 12-17-year-old age range, with a mean age of 14.31 (SD = 1.46) years. To examine these proposed associations, we performed hierarchical multiple regression analyses and found that enjoyment at pre-season assessment (T1) and self-determined motivation and a task-involving sport climate at mid-season (T2) were significant predictors of mid-season enjoyment (at T2). However, self-determined motivation and task-involving climate at T1 did not significantly contribute to the model. These findings emphasize the importance of initial enjoyment and an evolved self-determined motivation, and task-involving climate in understanding later enjoyment in sport. Coaches, practitioners, and policymakers should prioritize strategies that enhance intrinsic motivation, provide opportunities for autonomy, and cultivate a supportive and growth-oriented environment.

Exploring the relationship between social support, resilience, and subjective well-being in athletes of adapted sport.

Introduction: Sports participation of people with disabilities provide an improvement in their skills, especially on access to social support, which could improve resilience and well-being. This study aims to analyze the association between types of social support (parents, coach, friend, and best friend), resilience and positive and negative affect, in 105 Portuguese athletes with disabilities aged between 13 and 61 years (32 ± 12.35 years). Methods: Participants answered a short sociodemographic questionnaire, the Portuguese version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and the Brief Resilience Scale, and a scale for assessing social support from parents, coach, friend, and best friend. Results: Social support provided by the best friend, coach, friends, and parents had a direct effect on resilience and positive and negative affect. Results showed a positive and significant association between resilience and positive affect (r = 0.28; p = 0.004) and a negative association between resilience and negative affect (r = -0.37; p ≤ 0.001). A strong relationship was found between resilience and affect, with no relationship being verified between the sources of social support and resilience or affect, as hypothesized. Discussion: For this group of athletes with disability, more than the social support they may have or may feel, resilience proved to be very important for the consequence of sports practice in terms of subjective well-being.

Physical Fitness Variables, General Health, Dementia and Quality of Life in Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The average life expectancy of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) is increasing. However, living more years does not mean living better, leading to the need for research on comorbidities associated with the aging process. Associated with this process are the physical characteristics most prevalent in an individual with IDD: low levels of all physical capacities, the accumulation of central fat, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, variables considered to be some of the main risk factors of the onset of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, and variables that can negatively impact quality of life (QoL). Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate a sample of 21 institutionalized adults with IDD (42.81 ± 10.99 years old) in terms of their anthropometric characteristics, body composition, general health status, functional capacity, neuromuscular capacity, and dementia/cognitive function, and the possible associations with QoL. All assessments were performed in the laboratory of the Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education-University of Coimbra. Participants, in the present study, have low levels of physical fitness and high metabolic and cardiovascular markets, which need to be improved. On the other hand, functional and neuromuscular ability seems to be associated with QoL (p ≤ 0.05). This study highlights the role of primary and secondary care providers in diagnosis, prevention, and supporting individuals with IDDs to promote QoL.

Motivation among Teenage Football Players: A Longitudinal Investigation throughout a Competitive Season.

The present study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in behavioral regulations among teenage football players throughout a competitive season, with three measurement points (T1, T2, and T3). The total sample size for the study comprised 108 participants (78 male; 30 female). The participants' mean age was 14.31 (SD = 1.48). A MANOVA repeated measures analysis was performed within the group for all six behavioral regulations based on self-determination theory. The results of the study revealed noteworthy patterns in the behavioral regulations and intrinsic motivation scores over the competitive season. Identified regulation demonstrated a significant increase from T1 to T3 (p < 0.01, η2p = 0.13). Intrinsic motivation displayed a significant decrease over the same period from T1 to T3 (p < 0.01, η2p = 0.12). On the other hand, amotivation, external regulation, introjected regulation, and integrated regulation did not show significant changes between the three time points. The findings have practical implications for coaches and sports practitioners, as they highlight the need to create a supportive and autonomy-promoting environment to sustain athletes' intrinsic motivation throughout a competitive season. Also, recognizing the increase in identified regulation can inform strategies that align team goals and training sessions with players' individual values, thereby enhancing their commitment and dedication to the team's success.

Analysis of Exercise Intensity Preferences, Tolerance, Competence, and Their Implications for Behavioral Intentions in Fitness Settings.

This study aims to comprehensively investigate the interrelationships among exercise intensity preference, tolerance, competence satisfaction, competence frustration, and exercise intentions within the fitness domain. The research involved 114 participants aged 18 to 59 years (M = 33.23; SD = 10.542), with an average height of 166.02 cm (SD = 15.856) and weight of 68.02 kg (SD = 13.658). The path analysis revealed positive correlations among constructs, except for the link between exercise intensity tolerance and competence satisfaction. Notably, exercise intensity preference positively related to competence satisfaction (ß = 0.20, CI90% = 0.12, 0.40), while both preference and tolerance were negatively linked to competence frustration (preference: ß = -0.27, CI90% = -0.44, 0.03; tolerance: ß = -0.17, CI90% = -0.03, 0.24). Competence satisfaction (ß = 0.37, CI90% = 0.13, 0.34) and competence frustration (ß = -0.29, CI90% = -0.48, -0.09) significantly influenced exercise intentions. An indirect effect existed between exercise intensity preference and intentions (ß = 0.11, CI90% = 0.03, 0.21), contrasting with the lack of such effect for intensity tolerance (ß = 0.05, CI90% = -0.01, 0.14). Intentions explained 16% of the variance. In conclusion, this study underscores the intricate connections between exercise intensity traits and intentions, shedding light on factors influencing individuals' exercise persistence.

Effects of exercise on body mass index and waist circumference of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Introduction/Methods: This systematic review with meta-analysis aims to assess the magnitude of the effects of physical exercise programs on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) of individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), metabolic and cardiovascular health markers. Results: Considering the eligibility criteria, a final sample of nine articles was obtained. For BMI, the Z-value obtained to test the null hypothesis (difference between means is zero), showed a Z = -2.176 and p = 0.03. The highest magnitude of the effect was from the intervention with combined training (difference in means: -0.399), with a value of Z = -1.815 and p = 0.07. For WC, the Z-value is zero, showing a Z = -3.306 and p = 0.001. The highest magnitude of the effect was from the intervention with continuous cardiorespiratory training of -0.786, with a value of Z = -2.793 and p = 0.005. Discussion: Physical exercise prevents increases in BMI and WC in individuals with IDD. Aerobic training seems to be more effective in promoting WC and combined training in BMI. Systematic Review Registration: [PROSPERO], identifier [CRD42021255316].

Prescription and Effects of Cardiorespiratory Training in Individuals with Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Review.

This study aims to systematize effects of cardiorespiratory training (CT) programs in individuals with intellectual disability (ID) and identifying the fundamental and structuring aspects for the prescription of CT. This systematic review was carried out through four databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus), considering data from the period between 2013 and 2022. From 257 studies, 12 studies were included in this systematic review. Three studies used interval CT, while seven used continuous CT. Seven were carried out in the population with Down syndrome, while only three were carried out with participants with ID. The CT programs had the following characteristics: duration of 8 to 12 weeks, weekly frequency of three sessions, for 20 to 60 min, the intensity of 50% to 80% of maximal heart rate or 70% to 80% of peak oxygen consumption, using an ergometer cycle or an outdoor walking. The studies reported improvements in cardiorespiratory function, lipid, hemodynamic and metabolic profile, body composition, and neuromuscular and cognitive capacity. This review presents characteristics and recommendations that technicians can follow when structuring, prescribing, and implementing CT programs to individuals with ID.

Effects of a 24-week exercise program on anthropometric, body composition, metabolic status, cardiovascular response, and neuromuscular capacity, in individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Introduction: The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased in the last decades, including in people with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD). This is even more concerning when it is globally accepted that a low physical condition contributes to the deterioration of functionality and increases the risk of developing chronic diseases during life, with effective implications for health and well-being. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of two physical exercise intervention programs on institutionalized individuals with IDD. Methods: Twenty-one adults with IDD (43.04 ± 11.18 years) were split by convenience into three groups: i) an indoor training group (IG; N = 7; 24-week machine-based gym intervention), ii) an outdoor training group (OG; N = 7; 24-week outdoor intervention with low-content materials), and iii) a control group (CG; N = 7). Assessed outcomes included indicators of health and neuromuscular capacity. The ShapiroWilk (n < 50) and Levene tests were used to verify data normality and homoscedasticity. A Kruskal-Walli test was performed to understand if there were differences between the groups. For comparison purposes and to assess hypothetical differences between groups, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Friedman test were used. The respective effect size was calculated, and the significance level was defined at 0.05. Results/Discussion: There was a difference in fat mass in OG (initial ≠ intermediate; Bonferroni corrected: t = 2.405; p = 0.048; W = 0.08 and initial ≠ final moments; Bonferroni corrected: t = 2.405; p = 0.048; W = 0.08). Indoor intervention programs seem to be more effective than outdoor intervention programs for reducing heart rate rest (t = -2.912; p = 0.011; W = -0.104) when compared with CG. Conclusion: A low-cost outdoor intervention in contact with nature appears to be more effective for fat mass reduction. The results for heart rate variability are not clear and robust. Finally, an indoor intervention using weight-training machines appears to be a good method to promote neuromuscular capacity.

The Reliability of the Wall Drop Punt Kick and Catch Test.

This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of a manipulative eye-segmental (hand and foot) coordination task, namely the Wall Drop Punt Kick and Catch test (WDPK&C), over two weeks. Forty-one children and adolescents (18 boys, 23 girls) with a mean age of 10.2 (SD = 1.62) years old were recruited for assessment. Subjects had 30 s to perform as many ball impacts as possible on a wall two meters away, following a drop punt kick, rebound on the wall, and catch sequence. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC = 0.896) for unique measures, Cronbach Alpha (α = 0.945), and Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC = 0.896) provide evidence of reliability considering two consecutive measurements. These results further support the reliability of the WDPK&C test in a sample of Portuguese children and adolescents. Thus, the WDPK&C test can be applied to Portuguese boy and girl children and adolescents. Forthcoming studies should test the reliability of this test across different age groups since it is intended to be a test with a wide lifespan coverage.

Anthropometric Measures, Muscle Resistance, and Balance in Physically Active, Aged Adults.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the relationship between age, body mass index, muscle strength, and balance in physically active, aged adults. METHODS: Eighty-five participants were recruited for this study, having an average age of 70.31 years (SD = 9.90), ranging from 50 to 92 years. Twenty-six (30.6%) participants were male and fifty-nine (69.4%) were female. The participants had an average body mass index of 27.30 kg/m2 (SD = 3.62), ranging from 20.32 to 38.58 kg/m2. Participants undertook the Timed-Up and Go to test balance, and the chair-stand test to assess lower body strength. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. Three models (Model 1, 2, and 3) were tested to assess their relationships with balance: M1-Lower body muscle strength; M2-Lower body muscle strength and body mass index; M3-Lower body muscle strength, body mass index, and age. RESULTS: All hierarchical models displayed significant variance. The third model explained 50.9% of the variance in dynamic balance, [F(3, 81) = 27.94, p < 0.001, R = 0.71, Ra2 = 0.51]. The difference in Ra2 between the first, second, and third models was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Age, body mass index, and lower body muscle strength had significant (p < 0.05) correlations with balance. In terms of the significant impact of each predictor, age had the strongest association with balance (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results are useful to understand mechanisms or diagnose people at risk of fall.

The Effects of Physical Activity, Exercise, and Sports Programs on Depressive Symptoms in Individuals with Disabilities: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

Studies show that physical activity, exercise, or sport reduces depressive symptoms in the general population. However, little is known about its effects on individuals with disabilities. Thus, this systematic review with meta-analysis aims to verify the effects of this practice on depressive symptoms in individuals with disabilities. The Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SportDiscus databases were used, with several descriptors and Boolean operators. A total of 1509 studies were identified through searching the databases. Studies that met the eligibility criteria were subsequently assessed for their methodological quality (Downs and Black scale), and a meta-analysis was performed. The Z-values that were obtained to test the null hypothesis, which states that there is no difference in means, showed Z = -2.294 and a corresponding p-value = 0.022. We can, therefore, reject the null hypothesis in the sense that exercise seems to reduce depressive symptoms in individuals with disabilities. In sum, participants from the intervention group presented more probability of reducing depressive symptoms when compared to the control group (approximately -1.4 standard differences in means; 95% CI -2.602 to -0.204).

Quality of Life in Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: The Congruency Effect between Reports.

Assessing quality of life (QoL) is important to provide personalized and individualized support plans with the purpose of improving personal outcomes. Based on the conceptual model of QoL, the aim of this study was to assess the congruence between the perceptions of institutionalized individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and the perception of a third party, regarding QoL. Forty-two individuals participated in this study, including twenty-one with mild to severe IDD and their family members/caregiver/reference technician, who responded to the Personal Outcomes Scale (Portuguese version). Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between reports in the personal development (t = -2.26; p = 0.024), emotional well-being (t = -2.263; p = 0.024), physical well-being (t = -2.491; p = 0.013) and total QoL (t = -2.331; p = 0.02). The results further show that most third-party reports tend to undervalue the QoL of the individual with IDD, and that there is no congruence in any of the QoL domains. The inclusion of self-reports in the QoL assessment is important. In addition to the assessment of third-party reports, the process of making decisions appropriate to the context and individual characteristics is equally important. On the other hand, the inclusion of third-party reports is an opportunity to promote communication among all stakeholders, recognize and discuss differences, and promote QoL, not only of individuals with IDD, but also of families.

Saúde mental dos estudantes de enfermagem do Instituto Politécnico de Santarém durante a pandemia de COVID-19 / Mental health of nursing students at the Polytechnic Institute of Santarem during the COVID-19 pandemic / Salud mental de estudiantes de enfermería del Instituto Politécnico de Santarém durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Resumo Introdução: A pandemia do coronavírus (COVID-19) no ensino superior causou consequências perturbadoras na vida e na saúde mental dos estudantes. Pretendemos avaliar os níveis de ansiedade, depressão e stress dos estudantes de enfermagem do Instituto Politécnico de Santarém. Método: Estudo exploratório, observacional descritivo e correlacional. Estudantes: 183 estudantes, selecionados por amostragem de conveniência. Instrumento de medida: Escala de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stress - EADS-21 validada para a população portuguesa, aplicada entre 19 de novembro e 4 de dezembro de 2020. Os dados recolhidos foram analisados com o Software IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, versão 27.0. Conclusões: Os achados mostraram que a maioria dos estudantes apresentou um nível normal de depressão (82,5%), ansiedade (88,0%) e stress (94,0%). Cerca de 1,6% dos estudantes relataram nível moderado de stress; 5,5% e 1,6% um nível moderado e grave, respetivamente, de ansiedade e 6% e 0,5% depressão um nível moderado e grave, na devida ordem. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as médias (teste t de Student) na comparação entre género (p < 0,001), com os maiores scores, nas três dimensões, no género feminino que apresentou mais stress (M = 7,59 + 4,728), depressão (M = 5,83 + 4,503) e ansiedade (M =3,87 + 3,869), ou seja, os estados afetivos do género feminino foram mais negativos.

Abstract Introduction: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in higher education has had disturbing consequences on the lives and mental health of students. We intend to evaluate the levels of anxiety, depression, and stress of nursing students at the Polytechnic Institute of Santarem. Method: Exploratory, observational, descriptive, and correlational study. Students: 183 students, selected by convenience sampling. Measurement instrument: Anxiety, Depression and Stress Scale - EADS-21 validated for the Portuguese population, applied between November 19 and December 4, 2020. The collected data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows Software, version 27.0. Conclusions: The findings showed that most students had a normal level of depression (82.5%), anxiety (88.0%) and stress (94.0%). About 1.6% of students reported a moderate level of stress; 5.5% and 1.6% a moderate and severe level, respectively, of anxiety and 6% and 0.5% depression a moderate and severe level, in due order. Significant differences were found between means (Student's t test) in the comparison between gender (p < 0.001), with the highest scores, in the three dimensions, in the female gender that presented more stress (M = 7.59 + 4.728), depression (M = 5.83 + 4.503) and anxiety (M =3.87 + 3.869), that is, the affective states of the female gender were more negative.

Resumen Introducción: La pandemia del coronavirus (COVID-19) en la educación superior ha tenido consecuencias preocupantes en la vida y salud mental de los estudiantes. Pretendemos evaluar los niveles de ansiedad, depresión y estrés de estudiantes de enfermería del Instituto Politécnico de Santarém. Método: Estudio exploratorio, observacional, descriptivo y correlacional. Estudiantes: 183 estudiantes, seleccionados por muestreo por conveniencia. Instrumento de medición: Escala de Ansiedad, Depresión y Estrés - EADS-21 validada para la población portuguesa, aplicada entre el 19 de noviembre y el 4 de diciembre de 2020. Los datos recolectados fueron analizados utilizando el software IBM SPSS Statistics para Windows, versión 27.0. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos mostraron que la mayoría de los estudiantes presentaba un nivel normal de depresión (82,5%), ansiedad (88,0%) y estrés (94,0%). Alrededor del 1,6% de los estudiantes reportaron un nivel moderado de estrés; 5,5% y 1,6% un nivel moderado y severo, respectivamente, de ansiedad y 6% y 0,5% depresión un nivel moderado y severo, en su debido orden. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las medias (prueba t de Student) en la comparación entre género (p < 0,001), con las puntuaciones más altas, en las tres dimensiones, en el género femenino que presentó más estrés (M = 7,59 + 4,728), depresión (M = 5,83 + 4,503) y ansiedad (M =3,87 + 3,869), es decir, los estados afectivos del género femenino fueron más negativos.

Well-Being, Resilience and Social Support of Athletes with Disabilities: A Systematic Review.

Sport for people with disabilities appears to play a positive role in the well-being, resilience and social support of athletes with disabilities. Thus, this systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of adapted sport on the well-being, resilience and social support in a population with disabilities. The Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus and SportDiscus databases were used, with several descriptors and Boolean operators. A total of 287 studies were identified through searching the databases. After the data extraction process, twenty-seven studies were included for analysis. In general, these studies show that adapted sport has a positive impact on the levels of well-being, resilience and social support resources for people with disabilities, contributing to their personal development, quality of life and integration into society. Considering the impact on the variables studied, these results are important to support and encourage the development of adapted sport.