Temperature dependence and P/Ti ratio in phosphoric acid treatment of titanium dioxide and powder properties.

OBJECTIVE: Titanium dioxide has photocatalytic activity and is used as a white pigment for cosmetics. A certain degree of sebum on the skin is decomposed by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. In this work, titanium dioxide was shaken with phosphoric acid to synthesize a white pigment for cosmetics. METHODS: Titanium dioxide was treated with 0.1 mol/L of phosphoric acid at various P/Ti molar ratios, and then shaken in hot water for 1 h. The chemical composition, powder properties, photocatalytic activity, colour phase, and smoothness of the obtained powder were studied. RESULTS: The obtained materials indicated XRD peaks of titanium dioxide, however the peaks diminished subsequent to phosphoric acid treatment. The samples included small particles with sub-micrometer size. The photocatalytic activity of the obtained powders decreased, decomposing less sebum on the skin. Samples prepared at high P/Ti ratio with high shaking temperature indicated low whiteness in in L*a*b* colour space. The shaking and heating temperature and P/Ti ratio had influence on the smoothness of the obtained materials. CONCLUSION: Phosphoric acid treatment of titanium dioxide is an effective method to inhibit photocatalytic activity for a white pigment.

Drainage for acute pancreatitis.

In severe acute pancreatitis, the drainage of activated pancreatic enzymes, infectious substances and necrotic tissue from the abdominal cavity is critical, especially after the operation. We use Faycon drainage tubes together with multi-use feeding tubes. Just after the operation, normal saline is added through the feeding tube and the Faycon drainage tube is suctioned continuously. Irrigation is necessary for more than two weeks.

Peritoneal seeding of hepatocellular carcinoma after ethanol injection therapy.

The tumor seeding due to percutaneous ethanol injection therapy has been considered to be a very rare complication. Four cases of peritoneal seeding of hepatocellular carcinoma following percutaneous ethanol injection therapy are presented here. All patients had been initially treated for hepatocellular carcinomas with percutaneous ethanol injection therapy. Between 5 and 20 months after the percutaneous ethanol injection therapy, peritoneal seeding tumors were detected and resected surgically. Three patients recurred in the liver and one patient recurred in the abdominal cavity. Two died of cancer and 2 are still alive. The incidence of seeding following percutaneous ethanol injection therapy should not be so rare as considered referring to that due to fine needle biopsy, therefore careful attentions should be paid during the follow-up of those patients after percutaneous ethanol injection therapy.

[A shortened method for the assay with Centocor radioimmunoassay kit].

We have conducted a series of basic studies about Centocor's CA125 RIA Kit, especially for the conditions of the incubation. The standard curve and the outcome of recovery test gained through the standard method and the shortened method are quite decent. As for the incubation time, it took longer than 20 hours and 6-18 hours inthe standard method and shortened one respectively. As our conclusion, these results suggest that the shortened method can be adopted as a practical one as well as the standard method, provided that careful attention is paid to several peripheral conditions in the assay.