Conductas adolescentes durante el aislamiento social, preventivo y obligatorio en Argentina en el año 2020 / Adolescent behaviors during the preventive and mandatory social isolation in Argentina in 2020

Introducción. En marzo de 2020 comenzó en Argentina el aislamiento social, preventivo y obligatorio (ASPO) debido a la pandemia por COVID-19. Objetivo. Explorar las conductas y hábitos de la población adolescente durante el ASPO y su grado de acatamiento. Población y métodos. Estudio cualicuantitativo de corte transversal en adolescentes de Argentina entre 12 y 20 años. Se envió un cuestionario semiestructurado anónimo durante las semanas epidemiológicas 34 a 36. Resultados. Se analizaron 1535 cuestionarios. La edad promedio fue 16 años, el 72 % de sexo femenino. El incumplimiento del ASPO durante los primeros 3 meses fue del 27 % frente el 59 % durante el último mes. El 73 % refirió un clima familiar bueno a excelente y el 87 % realizó actividades educativas. El tiempo promedio de pantallas sin fines educativos fue de 6,8 horas por día. El 70 % manifestó que no consumió drogas durante el último mes. Describieron como aspectos positivos: afianzar vínculos familiares (34 %) y descubrir o retomar actividades (20 %); y como negativos: malestares emocionales (23 %) y no ver a la familia o a los amigos (21 %). Conclusiones. La mayoría de los adolescentes mantuvo actividades educativas, estuvo un elevado tiempo en pantallas sin fines educativos y refirió un bajo consumo de drogas. El cumplimiento del ASPO fue decreciendo a lo largo del tiempo. Los principales aspectos positivos fueron afianzar vínculos familiares y descubrir o retomar actividades, y los negativos, malestares emocionales y no poder ver a la familia o a los amigos.

Introduction. In March 2020, Argentinaestablished a preventive and mandatory social isolation policy (ASPO, for its acronym inSpanish) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective. To explore the behaviors and habits of the adolescent population during the ASPO and the extent of compliance. Population and methods. Qualitative andquantitative, cross sectional study in Argentine adolescents aged 12-20 years. An anonymous, semi-structured questionnaire was administeredduring epidemiological weeks 34 to 36. Results. A total of 1535 questionnaires wereanalyzed. Participants' average age was 16 years;72 % were females. Non-compliance with theASPO during the first 3 months was 27 % versus 59 % during the past month. A good to excellentfamily environment was described by 73 %, and 87 % performed educational activities. The averagenon-educational screen time was 6.8 hours perday. Seventy percent of participants said they did not use drugs in the past month. Positive aspects described included strengthening family bonds (34 %) and discovering or returning to activities (20 %); whereas negative aspects were emotional distress (23 %) and not being able to see family members or friends (21 %). Conclusions. Most adolescents maintainedtheir educational activities, spent a lot of noneducational screen time, and referred a lowdrug use. Adherence to the ASPO decreased progressively over time. The main positiveaspects were strengthening family bonds and discovering or returning to activities; whereas negative aspects were emotional distress and not being able to see family members or friends.

Adolescent behaviors during the preventive and mandatory social isolation in Argentina in 2020. / Conductas adolescentes durante el aislamiento social, preventivo y obligatorio en Argentina en el año 2020.

INTRODUCTION: In March 2020, Argentina established a preventive and mandatory social isolation policy (ASPO, for its acronym in Spanish) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: To explore the behaviors and habits of the adolescent population during the ASPO and the extent of compliance. POPULATION AND METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative, cross sectional study in Argentine adolescents aged 12-20 years. An anonymous, semi-structured questionnaire was administered during epidemiological weeks 34 to 36. RESULTS: A total of 1535 questionnaires were analyzed. Participants' average age was 16 years; 72% were females. Non-compliance with the ASPO during the first 3 months was 27% versus 59% during the past month. A good to excellent family environment was described by 73%, and 87% performed educational activities. The average non-educational screen time was 6.8 hours per day. Results. A total of 1535 questionnaires were analyzed. Participants' average age was 16 years; 72% were females. Non-compliance with the ASPO during the first 3 months was 27% versus 59% during the past month. A good to excellent family environment was described by 73%, and 87% performed educational activities. The average non-educational screen time was 6.8 hours per day. CONCLUSIONS: Most adolescents maintained their educational activities, spent a lot of noneducational screen time, and referred a low drug use. Adherence to the ASPO decreased progressively over time. The main positive aspects were strengthening family bonds and discovering or returning to activities; whereas negative aspects were emotional distress and not being able to see family members or friends.

Introducción. En marzo de 2020 comenzó en Argentina el aislamiento social, preventivo y obligatorio (ASPO) debido a la pandemia por COVID-19. Objetivo. Explorar las conductas y hábitos de la población adolescente durante el ASPO y su grado de acatamiento. Población y métodos. Estudio cualicuantitativo de corte transversal en adolescentes de Argentina entre 12 y 20 años. Se envió un cuestionario semiestructurado anónimo durante las semanas epidemiológicas 34 a 36. Resultados. Se analizaron 1535 cuestionarios. La edad promedio fue 16 años, el 72 % de sexo femenino. El incumplimiento del ASPO durante los primeros 3 meses fue del 27 % frente el 59 % durante el último mes. El 73 % refirió un clima familiar bueno a excelente y el 87 % realizó actividades educativas. El tiempo promedio de pantallas sin fines educativos fue de 6,8 horas por día. INTRODUCCIÓN El adolescente, como sujeto social, participa de un mundo de relaciones primarias y secundarias que lo contienen, afectan y transforman. Durante la adolescencia, los seres humanos experimentamos una serie de cambios físicos, psicológicos y sociales, conocidos como crisis de la adolescencia, una crisis vital y normativa. Cualquier otra crisis que aparezca en ese momento afectará la búsqueda de independencia y de interacción social característica de esta etapa.1 El 70 % manifestó que no consumió drogas durante el último mes. Describieron como aspectos positivos: afianzar vínculos familiares (34 %) y descubrir o retomar actividades (20 %); y como negativos: malestares emocionales (23 %) y no ver a la familia o a los amigos (21 %). a. Sección de Adolescencia, Servicio de Clínica Pediátrica, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Correspondencia: Alfredo Eymann: alfredo.eymann@ hospitalitaliano.org.ar Financiamiento: Ninguno. Conflicto de intereses: Ninguno que declarar. Recibido: 31-5-2021 Aceptado: 26-8-2021 Conclusiones. La mayoría de los adolescentes mantuvo actividades educativas, estuvo un elevado tiempo en pantallas sin fines educativos y refirió un bajo consumo de drogas. El cumplimiento del ASPO fue decreciendo a lo largo del tiempo. Los principales aspectos positivos fueron afianzar vínculos familiares y descubrir o retomar actividades, y los negativos, malestares emocionales y no poder ver a la familia o a los amigos.

First Ocurrence of a Rhabdovirus Infecting Maize in Argentina.

Maize (Zea mays) plants showing symptoms of shortened internodes, dwarfism, panicle sterility, and a mosaic of coarse and fine yellow stripes on leaf blades and sheaths, were found from December to March in experimental maize plantings in every crop year since 2000-01. Although the disease appeared at a very low incidence (estimates less than 1%), it was found in several locations such as Santa Isabel and Venado Tuerto, Santa Fe Province; Río Cuarto, Colonia Caroya, Río Segundo, and Sampacho, Córdoba Province; and Pedro Luro, Buenos Aires Province. Leaf tissue from eight symptomatic plants collected in Colonia Caroya in December 2011 was used to perform "leaf dips" and ultrathin sections. Electron microscopy of these preparations revealed membrane-bound bullet-shaped particles characteristic of the Rhabdoviridae family in mesophyll cytoplasm and vascular bundle parenchyma. The virus was experimentally transmitted to healthy 9-day-old corn plants, with Peregrinus maidis (order Hemiptera, family Delphacidae) raised under laboratory conditions using acquisition, latency, and inoculation vector periods of 7, 21, and 7 days, respectively. The field observed symptoms were replicated in the transmitted plants. Total RNA was extracted from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants with the RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Germany), and one step RT-PCR (Access RT-PCR Kit, Promega, Madison, WI) was performed, using two sets of degenerate primers targeting conserved regions of rhabdovirus L polymerase gene, primers PVO (1) and Rhab (2). The agarose gel bands shown only in symptomatic samples were 450 bp (1) and 1,000 bp (2), as expected. The approximately 1 kb amplicon, which includes that of 450 bp, was cloned into pGEM-T Easy Vector System (Promega). Five independent clones were sequenced in both directions with M13 F/R universal primers to generate a consensus sequence (GenBank Accession No. JQ715419), which was compared to similar plant rhabdovirus sequences available on GenBank. The partial L polymerase gene sequence of the corn rhabdovirus, Maize yellow striate virus had 73% and 71% sequence identity with the members of the Cytorhabdovirus genus Barley yellow striate mosaic virus isolate Zanjan-1 (BYSMV; GenBank Accession No. FJ665628) and Northern cereal mosaic virus (NCMV; GenBank Accession No. NC002251), respectively. A phylogenetic tree from the partial nucleotide L polymerase sequence indicates that the rhabdovirus infecting maize in Argentina is closely related to the cytorhabdovirus members and is separated from the nucleorhabdovirus group. To our knowledge, this is the first mention of a Rhabdoviridae family virus infecting maize detected in Argentina. References: (1) H. Bourhy et al. J. Gen. Virol. 86:2849, 2005. (2) R. L. Lamprecht et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 123:105, 2009.