"A Space Odyssey" on Laparoscopic Segmental Rectosigmoid Resection for Deep Endometriosis: A Seventeen-year Retrospective Analysis of Outcomes and Postoperative Complications among 3050 Patients Treated in a Referral Center.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of laparoscopic rectosigmoid resection for bowel endometriosis (RSE), reporting surgical and short-term postoperative outcomes in a consecutive large series of patients. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Third-level national referral center for deep endometriosis (DE). PATIENTS: 3050 patients with symptomatic RSE requiring surgical treatment. INTERVENTIONS: Nerve-sparing laparoscopic resection for RSE perfomed by a multidisciplinary team. After collecting intraoperative surgical characteristics, postoperative complications were collected by evaluating the risk factors associated with their onset. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Clavien-Dindo IIIb postoperative complications were noted in 13.1% of patients, with anastomotic leakage and rectovaginal fistula accounting for 3.0% and 1.9%, respectively. Postoperative bladder impairment was observed in 13.9% of patients during hospital discharge but spontaneously decreased to 4.5% at the first evaluation after 30 days, alongside a statistically significant change towards global symptom improvement. Multivariate analyses were done to identify the risk factors for segmental bowel resection in terms of occurrence of postoperative major complications. Ultralow (≤5 cm from the anal verge), low rectal anastomosis (<8 cm, >5 cm), parametrectomy, vaginal resection, and previous surgeries seemed more related to anastomotic leakage, rectovaginal fistula, and bladder retention. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic rectosigmoid resection for RSE seems an effective and feasible procedure. The surgical complication rate is not negligible but could be reduced by implementing a multidisciplinary approach, an endless improvement in nerve-sparing techniques and surgical anatomy, as well as technological enhancements. Real future challenges will be to reduce the time for the first diagnosis of DE and the likelihood of surgical indications.

Minimally invasive treatment of diaphragmatic endometriosis: a 15-year single referral center's experience on 215 patients.

BACKGROUND: Diaphragmatic endometriosis (DE) is a rare and often misdiagnosed condition. Most of the times it is asymptomatic and due to the low accuracy of diagnostic tests, it is almost always detected during surgery for pelvic endometriosis. Its management is challenging and, until now, there are not guidelines about its treatment. METHODS: We describe a consecutive series of patients with DE managed by laparoscopy and videothoracoscopy (VATS) in our referral center in a period of 15 years. We developed a flow-chart classifying DE implants in foci, plaques and nodules and proposing an algorithm with the aim of standardizing the surgical approach. RESULTS: 215 patients were treated for DE. Lesions were almost always localized on the right hemidiaphragm (91%), and the endometriotic implants were distributed as: foci in 133 (62%), plaques in 24 (11%) and nodules in 58 patients (27%), respectively. In all cases of isolated pleural involvement, concomitant diaphragmatic hernia or lesions of the thoracic side of the diaphragm VATS was performed, alone or combined with laparoscopy, resulting in a total of 26 procedures. Following the proposed algorithm, specific surgical techniques were identified as the better approaches for the different types of the lesion, such as Argon Beam Coagulation and diathermocoagulation for diaphragmatic foci, peritoneal stripping for plaques, and nodulectomy or full-thickness resection of diaphragm for nodules. CONCLUSIONS: It is crucial to standardize the surgical approach of DE, according to the type of lesion, thus reducing the rate of under- or over-treatments and intra or postoperative complications. This kind of surgery should be performed in a Referral Center by a gynecologic surgeon with oncogynecologic expertise and skills, with the eventual support of a laparoscopic general surgeon, a specialized thoracic surgeon and a trained anesthesiologist.

Inflammation calls for more: Severe pelvic inflammatory disease with or without endometriosis. Outcomes on 311 laparoscopically treated women.

OBJECTIVE: To study possible associations between endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort analysis over 14 consecutive years, based on medical records and insurance coding in a tertiary care endometriosis reference center. SETTING: Tertiary care reference center for endometriosis. PATIENTS: Retrospective analysis on all women submitted to laparoscopy in our Unit MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Intra-operative data about complications and fertility-impairing procedures, intra-, peri- and post-operative complications. INTERVENTIONS: Retrospective disease codes-triggered chart analysis. RESULTS: The study population was divided into two groups: Group 1 included women with PID and no endometriosis (n = 115); Group 2 included women with PID and endometriosis (n = 96). Endometriosis had a prevalence of 63 % in patients submitted to surgery for PID, significantly higher than the one reported in general population and than the one reported in a Tertiary Care Endometriosis Unit. A significantly higher number of salpingectiomes was needed in group 2 patients (208 versus 80, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This study seems to confirm an higher prevalence of pelvic inflammatory disease in endometriosis patients. Intra-operative findings of PID with associated endometriosis show more aggressive patterns.

Long-term hormonal treatment reduces repetitive surgery for endometriosis recurrence.

RESEARCH QUESTION: How effective is medical hormonal treatment in preventing endometriosis recurrence and in improving women's clinical symptoms and quality of life? DESIGN: This observational cross-sectional study evaluated the effects of hormonal medical treatment (progestins, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues or continuous oral contraceptives) on endometriosis recurrence, current clinical symptoms and quality of life in three groups of patients: Group A (n = 34), no hormonal treatment either before or after the first endometriosis surgery; Group B (n = 76), on hormonal treatment after the first endometriosis surgery; and Group C (n = 75), on hormonal treatment both before and after the first endometriosis surgery. RESULTS: Group C patients were characterized by a lower rate of endometriosis reoperation (P = 0.011) and a lower rate of dysmenorrhoea (P = 0.006). Women who experienced repetitive endometriosis surgery showed worse physical (P = 0.004) and mental (P = 0.012) status than those who received a single surgery, independent of the treatment. CONCLUSION: Hormonal treatments represent a valid cornerstone of endometriosis management and may be useful as an alternative to surgery, but also before surgery, to plan better, and after surgery in order to reduce the risk of recurrence. Medical counselling is very helpful in choosing the correct and individualized endometriosis treatment. In fact, the gold standard for modern endometriosis management is the individualized approach and surgery should be considered, depending on the clinical situation and a patient's symptoms.

Total laparoscopic vs. conventional open abdominal nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy: clinical, surgical, oncological and functional outcomes in 301 patients with cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Total laparoscopic nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy (TL-NSRH) has been considered a promising approach, however, surgical, clinical, oncological and functional outcomes have not been systematically addressed. We present a large retrospective multi-center experience comparing TL-NSRH vs. open abdominal NSRH (OA-NSRH) for early and locally-advanced cervical cancer, with particular emphasis on post-surgical pelvic function. METHODS: All consecutive patients who underwent class C1-NSRH plus bilateral pelvic + para-aortic lymphadenectomy for stage IA2-IIB cervical cancer at 4 Italian gynecologic oncologic centers (Negrar, Varese, Bologna, Avellino) were enrolled. Patients were divided into TL-NSRH and OA-NSRH groups and were investigated with preoperative questionnaires on urinary, rectal and sexual function. Postoperatively, patients filled a questionnaire assessing quality of life, taking into account sexual function and psychological status. Oncological outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan-Meyer method. RESULTS: 301 consecutive patients were included in this study: 170 in the TL-NSRH group and 131 in the OA-NSRH group. Patients in the OA-NSRH group were more likely to experience urinary incontinence and (after 12-months follow-up) urinary retention. No patient in the TL-NSRH group vs. 5 (5.5%) in the OA-NSRH group had complete urinary retention (at the >24-month follow-up [p=0.02]). A total of 20 (11.8%) in the TL-NSRH and 11 (8.4%) patients in the OA-NSRH had recurrence of disease (p=0.44) and 14 (8.2%) and 9 (6.9%) died of disease during follow-up, respectively (p=0.83). CONCLUSION: Our study shows that TL-NSRH is feasible, safe and effective and conjugates adequate radicality and improvement in post-operative functional outcomes. Oncological outcomes of laparoscopic procedures deserve further investigation.

Primary site disease and recurrence location in ovarian cancer patients undergoing primary debulking surgery vs. interval debulking surgery.

INTRODUCTION: The natural history and patterns of ovarian cancer (OC) relapse are still unclear. Recurrent disease can be peritoneal, parenchymal, or nodal. This study aims to analyze the location and pattern of OC recurrence according to the primary site of disease and to the type of surgical approach used. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All OC patients underwent primary debulking surgery (PDS) or interval debulking surgery (IDS), with 2014 FIGO stage III-IV, and with platinum-sensitive recurrence were included in the study. Primary disease location and site of recurrences were divided into peritoneal, parenchymal, and nodal, according to the presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis, parenchymal metastasis, and nodal involvement, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 355 patients were initially considered; of them, 295 met the inclusion criteria. Two hundred thirty-three patients obtained no macroscopic residual tumor at the end of primary surgical treatment. Primary parenchymal disease relapsed in 84.6% cases at a parenchymal site (p < 0.001), 97.2% of peritoneal diseases relapsed on the peritoneum (p < 0.001), and 100% of nodal diseases had a nodal recurrence (p < 0.001). Stratifying by the surgical approach all these correlations have been confirmed both in the PDS (p < 0.001) and IDS (p < 0.001) groups. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that the site of relapse in cases of platinum-sensitive OC recurrence is closely related to the primary location of the disease, regardless of the type of initial treatment. Therefore, more attention during followup should be paid to areas where the initial tumor was present.

Nerve-sparing laparoscopic disc excision of deep endometriosis involving the bowel: a single-center experience on 371 consecutives cases.

BACKGROUND: Bowel endometriosis is the most common pattern of Deep Endometriosis (DE). Arising from the posterior portion of the cervix and spreading to the recto-vaginal septum, utero-sacral and parametrial ligaments could lead to a distortion of normal pelvic anatomy, causing pain and infertility. Hormonal therapy is the first-line treatment in non-symptomatic patient. Conversely, laparoscopic surgical treatment has to be considered when symptoms relief are not optimal or with signs of bowel occlusion. METHODS: Retrospective experience of consecutive series of patients who referred to a third-level referral center with suspected bowel DE and failure of multiple medical treatments. After an intraoperative evaluation of nodule size with a rectal shaving of its external portion, patients underwent radical DE eradication with concomitant disc excision in rectal nodules < 3 cm with no signs of substantial full-thickness infiltration. RESULTS: A total of 371 patients were considered eligible for analysis, with a median age of 37 years. The median operative time of was 180 min, with an estimated blood loss of 100 mL and a median diameter of removed rectal nodule of 25 mm. Early postoperative procedure-related complications were 47 cases of acute rectal bleeding (12.7%), that were managed by rectal endoscopy, 3 bowel anastomotic dehiscence (0.8%), 8 hemoperitoneum (2.2%) and 3 ureteral fistula (0.8%). 22 patients experienced postoperative hyperpyrexia (5.9%), while 17 women underwent transient bladder deficiency (4.6%). Median follow-up was 60 months with a bowel recurrence rate of 2.2%. There was an improvement of all symptoms in the immediate postoperative follow-up (p < 0.0001). Among all patients with childbearing desire, the pregnancy rate found was 42.2% and was obtained by in vitro fertilization (IVF) techniques in 32% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic disc excision for bowel endometriosis is an effective surgical treatment in selected residual rectal nodules < 3.0 cm. The concomitant radical DE excision contributes to a significant improvement of symptoms with an acceptable complications' rate.

Total laparoscopic bladder resection in the management of deep endometriosis: "take it or leave it." Radicality versus persistence.

BACKGROUND: Bladder endometriosis (BE) is the most common external site of deep-infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) affecting the urinary tract. Frequently associated with other DIE lesions, it can be strongly related to a ventral spread of adenomyosis. Possible symptoms are urinary frequency, tenesmus and hematuria, and they are frequently related to DIE of the posterior and lateral compartment. Hormonal therapy can be used in non-symptomatic patients; conversely, in other cases surgical treatment is the management of choice. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of a series of consecutive patients treated between September 2004 and December 2017 in a tertiary care referral center. Only full-thickness detrusor involvement was considered as BE. All patients underwent laparoscopic bladder resection with concomitant radical excision of DIE. RESULTS: BE was found in 264 patients and was associated with simultaneous bowel DIE requiring bowel resection in 140 patients (53%). Twenty-five patients (9.5%) had associated obstructive ureteral signs requiring ureteroneocystostomy. Mean hospital stay and time of catheter removal were 9.7 and 9.1 days, respectively. Postoperative major complications (< 28 days) were observed in 19 patients (7.2%). Follow-up was performed at 1, 6 and 12 months after surgery, with a 2.3% recurrence rate observed. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic partial cystectomy for BE is a feasible and safe technique, and experienced laparoscopic surgeons should consider it the gold standard treatment. Surgical eradication leads to excellent surgical outcomes in terms of reduction of symptoms and recurrence rates, considering the need to maintain an adenomyotic uterus for fertility purposes.

Recurrent endometriosis: a battle against an unknown enemy.

Recurrence of endometriosis after conservative surgery is not an uncommon finding. There is no uniformity, however, on what the term 'recurrence' means. Recurrence is variously defined in the literature as the relapse of pain, clinical or instrumental detection of an endometriotic lesion, repeat rise in CA 125 levels, or evidence of recurrence found during repeat surgery. Consequently, the reported recurrence rate varies widely (0-89%) in the different series, depending on its definition and the type of study performed. As endometriosis recurrence seems to be an indeterminate enemy, we set out to examine exactly what we were fighting in our everyday battle. In this narrative review, we aimed to seek an answer to questions related to endometriosis recurrence, some of which are often asked by our patients.

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in the Treatment of Endometrial Cancer: Why We Fail? Results of a Prospective Multicenter Study on the Factors Associated with Failure of Node Mapping with Indocyanine Green.

BACKGROUND: The sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping for endometrial cancer staging is gaining wide diffusion, but there is no definitive evidence on the factors associated with the failure of mapping. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the factors associated with the possible failure of bilateral SLN mapping with indocyanine green (ICG). METHODS: A prospective observational study without control on 110 patients with endometrial cancer apparently confined to the uterus, underwent laparoscopic surgical staging with SLN mapping with ICG. RESULTS: Possible risk factors associated with bilateral mapping failure were analyzed, and a multivariate analysis was performed. The bilateral detection rate for SLNs mapping was 72.7%, whereas at least one SLN was detected in 79.1% of patients. No SLNs were identified in 6.3%. None of the patients or features related to tumor were associated with a risk of failure of the method. The only factor analyzed that was significantly associated with the success of bilateral mapping was the surgeon (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Neither obesity nor the presence of lymph node metastases was associated with mapping failure. However, there remains a need for further studies to understand all the mechanisms linked to the unsuccessful method results and to reduce the use of systematic lymphadenectomy in the case of mapping failure.

Recurrence in Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Deep infiltrative endometriosis (DIE) is an enigmatic disease that typically impacts the rectovaginal septum, uterosacral ligaments, pararectal space, and vesicouterine fold but can involve the rectum, sigma, ileum, ureters, diaphragm, and other less common sites. Surgery is the treatment of choice because medical management alone commonly fails in controlling the symptoms although recurrence is very high after surgical treatment. The goal of the current study was to review recurrence rates and identify risk factors related to recurrence after surgery for DIE. The review involved searching the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Google Scholar for relevant articles in accordance with the study's inclusion criteria; 45 studies were considered suitable. The results showed a wide heterogeneity regarding DIE recurrence because of inconsistent recurrence definitions and follow-up length. Younger age and high body mass index were found to be risk factors for DIE recurrence. Lack of complete surgical excision was another independent risk factor for recurrence of disease. In conclusion, there is a need for prospective studies and a more homogeneous standard for surgical treatment of DIE.

Isolated port-site metastasis after surgical staging for low-risk endometrioid endometrial cancer: A case report.

Port-site metastases (PSMs) are well-known potential complications of laparoscopic surgery for gynaecologic malignancies. The present case study reports PSM following laparoscopic surgery for Stage IA Grade 1 endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC). The recurrence developed within 7 months following primary surgery and required surgical excision followed by adjuvant chemo-radio therapy. After 9 months, the patient remains disease-free. PSMs are rare complications following laparoscopic surgery. Amongst the 23 cases of endometrial cancer PSMs reported so far, only 4 followed EEC Stage IA Grade 1-2. The present study reports a rare case of PSM after Stage IA Grade 1 EEC. The clinical and prognostic relevance of PSMs has not been identified so far; and it is not known whether PSMs represent a local recurrence or a systemic recurrence. Surgeons should be aware that even low-risk EEC may be followed by PSMs and should take steps to prevent these rare recurrences.

Posterior pelvic exenteration and retrograde total hysterectomy in patients with locally advanced ovarian cancer: Clinical and functional outcome.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical outcomes and postoperative quality of life in patients affected by locally advanced ovarian cancer who underwent pelvic posterior exenteration with Hudson-Delle Piane radical retrograde hysterectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study was done on a retrospective cohort using data from 22 patients who underwent surgery between 2010 and 2014 at the Gynecological Oncologic Center of Parma, Parma, Italy. RESULTS: Residual disease after surgery (Sugarbacker index) was absent (CC-0) in 68% of cases. Tumor size was < 2.5 mm (CC-1) in 14% of cases and between 2.5 mm and 2.5 cm (CC-2) in 18% of cases. Complications during surgical procedure occurred in 64% of patients (14/22), but without severe consequences. Immediate postoperative complications (≤ 30 days) occurred in 82% of patients (18/22), and delayed complications (> 30 days) occurred in 23% (5/22) of patients. No patient died because of a complication. Urinary and rectal incontinence occurred in 5% and 16% of patients, respectively. Disease recurrence occurred in 58% of patients, median disease-free survival was 14 months (range, 6-36 months), and median overall survival was 21 months (range, 6-42 months). CONCLUSION: Our study confirmed that pelvic posterior exenteration associated with retrograde radical hysterectomy represents the safest radical surgical approach to advanced ovarian cancer, which permits preservation of the pelvic autonomic nerve plexus and, therefore, bladder and colorectal functions.

Laparoscopic vs. open treatment of endometrial cancer in the elderly and very elderly: An age-stratified multicenter study on 1606 women.

Objective To investigate in depth the effect of increasing age on the peri-operative outcomes of laparoscopic treatment for endometrial cancer, compared to open surgery, with stratification of patients according to the different definitions of elderly age used in the literature. METHODS: Data of consecutive patients who underwent surgery for endometrial cancer staging at six centers were reviewed and analyzed according to surgical approach (laparoscopic or open), different definitions of elderly and very elderly age (≥65years, ≥75years, ≥80years), and class of age (<65; ≥65-<75; ≥75-80; ≥80years). Multivariable analysis to correct for possible confounders and propensity-score matching to minimize selection bias were used. RESULTS: A total of 1606 patients were included: 938 and 668 patients received laparoscopic and open surgery, respectively. With increasing age, fewer patients received laparoscopy (P<0.001 with ANOVA). The percentage of patients who received lymphadenectomy declined significantly in both groups for age ≥80years. Blood transfusions, incidence and severity of post-operative complications, and hospital stay were significantly lower among patients who had laparoscopy both in younger (<65years) and elderly (whether defined as ≥65 or ≥75years) patients, with no effect of age on any of the characteristics analyzed ( ANOVA: P>0.05). The same tendency was observed among very-elderly patients (≥80years). Multivariable and propensity score-matched analysis confirmed these findings. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopy for staging endometrial cancer retains its advantages over open surgery even in elderly and very-elderly patients. Our data strongly suggest that minimally-invasive surgery is advantageous even among subjects ≥80years.

Tubal ectopic pregnancy: our experience from 2000 to 2013.

In this paper we summarize our experience in diagnosis and treatment of 402 retrospectively collected tubal EP and review the most recent topics from the literature. Systemic Methotrexate (MTX) was effective in 56 out of 65 patients (failure rate 13.8%), in whom hCG level was significantly lower when compared to the failure group (p<0,05); we performed 299 salpingectomies, 297 of whom through laparoscopic approach. MTX single-dose is safe and effective in eligible patients; surgery represents the treatment of most of the EPs, mainly through laparoscopic approach.

Extraperitoneal Para-aortic Lymphadenectomy by Robot-Assisted Laparoscopy in Gynecologic Oncology: Preliminary Experience and Advantages and Limitations.

BACKGROUND: We are reporting the preliminary multicentric experience in extraperitoneal para-aortic lymphadenectomy by robot-assisted laparoscopy (EPLRL) in gynecologic oncology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two teams from the cancer centers performed EPLRL in 37 patients with gynecologic cancer. RESULTS: There were 30 patients with cervical cancer, 6 with endometrial cancer, and 1 with adnexal cancer. The skin-to-skin operative time, mean lymph node count, and estimated blood loss were 221 (±61) minutes, 18.7 (±11), and 105 (±134) mL.There was no conversion to laparotomy, one laparoscopic conversion for hemorrhage lateral to the inferior mesenteric artery, and one use of hemostatic matrix for an injury to the left gonadal artery (2 nontransfused patients). The proportion of patients who reported postoperative complications was 32.5% (12/37): 7 with lymphocysts with computed tomographic scan drainage (19%), 3 with leg dysesthesia (left genitofemoral nerve), 1 with leg lymphedema, and 1 with lateral aortic hematoma not requiring a transfusion or return to the operating room. CONCLUSION: The EPLRL technique is feasible and efficient but with a high rate of symptomatic lymphocyst. A marsupialization could be useful to decrease the risk of lymphocyst.

Uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP): pathology, follow-up and recurrence.

The term smooth uterine muscle of uncertain malignant potential (STUMPs) indicates a group of uterine smooth muscle tumors (SMTs) that cannot be diagnosed unequivocally as benign or malignant. Diagnosis, surgical management, and follow-up of this neoplasm remain controversial, especially in pre-menopausal women with fertility desire, due to the non aggressive behaviour and prolonged survival rate when compared to leiomyosarcomas. However, recurrence is estimated between 8.7% and 11% and may include delayed-recurrences. We reported five cases of uterine masses treated by surgical procedure diagnosed as STUMP on final pathology. Four patients underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy with or without salpingo-oophorectomy. One patient underwent excision of uterine mass and subsequent total abdominal hysterectomy plus bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy after the diagnosis of STUMP. All patients in our study remained recurrence-free to date (with a follow up period ranging from 6 to 81 months). Based on our experience and in consideration of the lack of consensus regarding the malignant potential, diagnostic criteria, gold-standard treatment and follow-up, we believe that close multidisciplinary management is mandatory in the event of STUMP. We suggest that gynaecologist, dedicated pathologist (with high level of expertize in gynaecological pathology) and oncologist should work as a team in the counselling and management of this neoplasm from detection till completion of follow up. Furthermore, we recommend immunohistochemistry to investigate the overexpression of p16 and p53 in order to identify the cohort of patients at increased risk of recurrence who may benefit from more aggressive surgical-oncological strategies.

Dedifferentiated endometrial cancer: an atypical case diagnosed from cerebellar and adrenal metastasis: case presentation and review of literature.

Dedifferentiated endometrial cancer (DEC) is microscopically characterized by the presence of high-grade areas emerging from low-grade tumour. DEC is an aggressive tumour even when the dedifferentiated component represents only 20% of the entire neoplasm. A proper histological diagnosis is essential to define the most appropriate therapeutic approach for these tumors, since they are characterized by a particularly aggressive trend and by an extremely poor prognosis. We report a single case of DEC associated with dedifferentiated and adrenal metastasis, for which the patient underwent both abdominal-pelvic and cerebellar surgery. Dedifferentiated carcinoma of the endometrium is a poorly recognized neoplasm since they have not been clearly defined the histological features discriminating this neoplasm from high-grade endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Revising existing literature we found 79 described cases of central nervous system secondary involvement and 13 cases where the onset of the disease was characterized by neurological signs and symptoms. We could only find two reported cases of adrenal metastases originating from endometrial neoplasia but in no case of dedifferentiated endometrial carcinoma previously described has been reported the concomitant adrenal-cerebellar involvement.