Profil vaccinal des chirurgiens-dentistes de la région de Dakar (Sénégal) / Vaccination profile of dental surgeons in Dakar Region (Senegal)

Introduction : Plusieurs mesures de contrôle dont la vaccination du personnel soignant ont été élaborées pour empêcher la propagation des infections. Longtemps négligée, la vaccination connaît aujourd'hui un regain d'intérêt notamment avec la pandémie du Covid 19. L'objectif de cette étude était de décrire le profil vaccinal des chirurgiens-dentistes de la région de Dakar. Méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude descriptive, transversale, effectuée de Mars 2017 à Mars 2018 auprès des chirurgiens-dentistes de la région de Dakar. Tous les chirurgiens-dentistes consentants, inscrits aux tableaux de l'Ordre National des Chirurgiens-Dentistes du Sénégal et exerçant dans la région de Dakar ont été inclus dans cette étude. L'étude a utilisé un questionnaire auto-administré comportant des items sur les données socioprofessionnelles, le statut vaccinal ainsi que les vaccins effectués. Résultats et Discussion : Au total, 176 chirurgiens- dentistes ont été contactés, 150 parmi eux ont accepté de participer à l'enquête, soit un taux de participation de 85,2%. L'échantillon comprenait 89 hommes soit 59% et 61 femmes soit 41%. Le nombre d'année d'expérience moyenne des praticiens était de 11 ans ± 8,6. Dans la région de Dakar, 70,7% des chirurgiens-dentistes interrogés sont vaccinés contre 29,3% de chirurgiens-dentistes qui ne le sont pas. Le profil vaccinal montre une fréquence plus élevée de la vaccination contre l'hépatite B soit 65,3%. Seulement 32,7% des chirurgiens-dentistes interrogés affirment être vaccinés contre la tuberculose tandis que 42,7% déclarent l'être contre le tétanos. Conclusion : Cette étude a révélé une couverture vaccinale faible et disparate des chirurgiens-dentistes de Dakar.

Introduction: Several control measures, including vaccination of healthcare personnel, have been developed to prevent the spread of infections. Long neglected, vaccination is now experiencing a renewed interest, especially with the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study was to describe the vaccination profile of dentists in the Dakar region. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted from March 2017 to March 2018 among dentists in the Dakar region. All consenting dentists, registered with the National Order of Dentists of Senegal and practicing in the Dakar region, were included in this study. The study used a self-administered questionnaire containing items on sociodemographic data, vaccination status, and administered vaccines. Results and Discussion: A total of 176 dentists were contacted, of whom 150 agreed to participate in the survey, resulting in a participation rate of 85.2%. The sample included 89 men (59%) and 61 women (41%). The average years of experience of the practitioners was 11 years ± 8.6. In the Dakar region, 70.7% of the dentists surveyed are vaccinated, while 29.3% are not. The vaccination profile shows a higher frequency of vaccination against hepatitis B at 65.3%. Only 32.7% of the surveyed dentists claim tobe vaccinated against tuberculosis, while 42.7% declare vaccination against tetanus. Conclusion: This study revealed low and disparate vaccination coverage among dentists in Dakar.

Evaluation du taux de survie des prothèses amovibles partielles supra implantaires: revue de la littérature de 2011 à 2021 / Evaluation of removable partial dentures supported by implants: literary review

Introduction : La prothèse amovible partielle supraimplantaire permet de pallier le déficit de stabilité de la prothèse conventionnelle. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer le taux de survie des prothèses amovibles partielles supra-implantaires à travers une revue de la littérature de 2011 à 2021. Matériels et méthodes : Une recherche électronique a été réalisée dans les bases de données Medline/Pubmed, Cochrane Library et Science-Direct et complétée par une recherche manuelle dans les sites des revues de prothèse. L'étude a inclus les études rétrospectives, les études prospectives et les études randomisées publiées en français et en anglais. La sélection a été faite selon les recommandations de l'Agence Nationale d'Accréditation et d'Evaluation en Santé et celles de « Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology ¼. Les paramètres recueillis étaient l'auteur, l'année, et la langue de publication, le type d'étude, les caractéristiques de l'échantillon et les résultats. Résultats : La stratégie de recherche a permis de retrouver 277 articles et d'en retenir 10 constitués de 5 études rétrospectives, 3 études prospectives et 2 essais cliniques randomisés de bonne qualité scientifique. Les études ont rapporté des taux de survie élevés de la prothèse amovible partielle supra-implantaire variant entre 83,3% et 100%, comparables à ceux des prothèses fixées implanto-portées. Conclusion : La prothèse amovible partielle supraimplantaire peut être utilisée comme une solution thérapeutique à long terme.

Background: Implant-assisted removable partial dentures are used to overcome the lack of stability of conventional removable dentures. This study aimed to evaluate the survival rate of implants-supported removable partial dentures through a literary review from 2011 to 2021. Materials and methods: An electronic search was performed in the Medline/Pubmed, Cochrane Library and Science-Direct databases and supplemented by a manual search of prosthetic journal sites. The study included retrospective studies, prospective studies and randomised studies published in French and English. The selection was made according to the recommendations of the National Agency for Accréditation and Evaluation in Health and those of "Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology". The parameters collected were author, year and language of publication, type of study, sample characteristics and results. Results: The search strategy identified 277 articles and selected 10 articles consisting of 5 retrospective studies, 3 prospective studies and 2 randomised clinical trials of good scientific quality. The studies reported high survival rates for removable supra-implant partial dentures ranging from 83.3% to 100%, comparable to those of implant-supported fixed prostheses. Conclusion: The implant-supported removable partial denture can be used as a long-term therapeutic solution.

[Relationship between bizygomatic width and the size of maxillary anterior teeth among young Senegalese black people recruited in army]. / Corrélation entre la distance bizygomatique et la largeur des dents antéromaxillaires chez les jeunes sénégalais mélanodermes recrutés dans le service militaire.

INTRODUCTION: Prosthetic teeth size and placement must be in perfect harmony with the bucco-facial structures for a successful and esthetic removable prosthesis. This study aimed to determine among young Senegalese black people facial index estimating maxillary central incisor width and distance between canine points starting from bizygomatic width. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 621 black Senegalese participated to this transversal study. Measurements were made using anthropometric slide caliper and electronic slide caliper. The comparative analysis was carried out by the test t of Student. The correlative analysis used the chi-square test. The risk of error was fixed at 5%. RESULTS: Positive correlations were found between variables. Distance between canine points was significantly (p = 0.000) correlated to bizygomatic width and central incisor width. Using bizygomatic width, the average dividing factors to estimate central incisor width and distance between canine points were respectively 15.13 and 3.75. CONCLUSION: Distance between canine points and central incisor width can be given starting from bizygomatic width, as guide of selecting maxillary anterior prosthetic teeth width.

[Correlations between colorimetric parameters of teeth, eyes and skin. Perspectives in the choice of tooth shade for complete denture]. / Correlations entre les parametres colorimétriques des dents, des yeux et de la peau. Perspectives dans le choix de la teinte des dents en prothèse adjointe complète.

Rehabilitation with complete denture include among other objectives, improvement of facial and dental esthetics. To these ends, the artificial teeth should mimic as far as possible, healthy and natural dentition. The main objective of this study was to investigate factors associated with tooth color among black African subjects. One hundred and two subjects (72 men and 30 women) were included in this investigation. The colorimetric parameters of their teeth as well as those of the conjunctiva of their eyes and skin were recorded from standardized photographs. Two software, Mesurim and Photoshop were used for that purpose. Univariate and linear regression analysis were run to assess the association between tooth color and the variables age, gender and colorimetric parameters of eyes and skin. It appears from the result of this study that tooth color was positively and significantly associated with age. Stepwise multiple regression analysis further revealed that tooth hue can be best predicted by a combination of skin complexion and brightness and eye lightness.

[Interest of the prosthetic occlusal rehabilitation in improving irritable bowel syndrome at the University Hospital of Cocody (Abidjan)]. / Intérêt de la réhabilitation occluso-prothétique dans l'amélioration des colopathies fonctionnelles au CHU de Cocody (Abidjan).

The functional colopathies are frequent in digestive pathology and are particularly badly felt by African patients. The authors, after the determination of the masticatory efficiency score (classification of Verkindere) of 100 subjects affected by colopathies and diagnosed in the service of gastroenterology of Cocody University Hospital (Abidjan), attempt to determine the importance of the masticatory deficiency in functional colopathies. Among the toothless subjects with functional colopathies, the restoration of the masticatory efficiency by functional prosthetic rehabilitation constitutes an essential therapeutic act in the reduction of the symptoms of the functional colopathies and the improvement of the comfort of the patients. Patients' global care raises the interest of collaboration between odontologists and gastroenterologists for an efficient treatment.

[Prevalence of halitosis in patients with dental prostheses in Senegal]. / Prevalence de l'halitose chez des patients sénégalais porteurs de prothèses dentaires.

INTRODUCTION: Bad breath is a disease affecting 25% of the world's population. Despite the widespread nature of this problem, people's knowledge about this condition is poor. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of halitosis in a cohort of 62 Senegalese subjects with dental prostheses. METHODS: Breath analysis was based on measurement of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) using a halimeter. Halitosis was diagnosed ifVSC level was > or = 125 ppb. RESULTS: Mean VSC level was 157.7 +/- 152.6 ppb. The prevalence of halitosis was of 35.4% overall, 72.7% in persons with fixed dentures and of 27.3% in persons with removable prostheses. CONCLUSION: The relatively high prevalence of halitosis observed in this study indicates a need to enhance patient awareness of daily hygiene measures for dental prosthesis.

[Prosthetic rehabilitation: needs in Senegalese dental offices]. / La réhabilitation prothétique: évaluation des besoins dans les cabinets dentaires du Sénégal.

Knowledge of dental prosthetic needs will develop strategies for prevention and treatment through a package of individual, community and professional policies. The aim of this study was to evaluate prosthetic needs in Senegalese dental offices. The survey was conducted among people aged 15 years and more attending Senegalese dental clinics. The mean number of missing teeth was 4.4. Only 55.3% of the sample expressed the need for dentures and 81.8% had a diagnosed need for prosthesis. A statistically significant difference was noticed between the needs diagnosed and the expressed needs (p < 0.0001). Finally, this study reveals that the need for prosthetic treatment is real in the Senegalese dental offices.

[Relationships between masticatory performance and nutritional state in complete denture wearers]. / Relations entre Performance Masticatrice et Etat Nutritionnel chez des Sujets Porteurs de Prothèses Complètes.

UNLABELLED: For many authors masticatory dysfunctions are related to reduction in dietary intake with malnutrition as a possible consequence. The aim of the present study was to further investigate the relationships between masticatory performance and nutritional state in complete denture wearers. METHOD: Masticatory performance was assessed using a granulometric method in 74 subjects divided into 2 subgroups according to their dental status (normal dentition and complete dental wearers). Nutritional status of study subjects was analyzed with Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). RESULTS: There were a significant association between wearing denture and Nutritional Status as assessed by MNA. Using this scale, a risk of malnutrition was found in 80% of subjects wearing complete denture and in 26% in the normal dentition sub group (p < 0.0001). There were also a positive and significant correlation between, the particle size distribution and masticated test food and nutritional status. CONCLUSION: Complete denture wearers are at greater risk of malnutrition than did subjects with normal dentition.

[Study of mastication in denture wearers among various ages]. / Etude des parametres physiologiques de la mastication chez des sujets ages porteurs de protheses adjointes completes.

INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have shown that it was possible for subjects with masticatory deficiency chewing achieve a satisfactory level of fragmentation of food by acting on some physiological parameters as the number of cycles and the time devoted to a sequence of mastication. METHOD: The objective of this work is to study the effects of the wearing of complete prostheses, of ageing on the physiological parameters from the chewing on a population of 110 subjects. RESULTS: The results show an important effect of the dental status. Indeed denture weaers need twice more cycles than controls of the same age to make a ham portion ready to be swallowed. Significant an age effect with regard to the number of cycles was also noted. The rheology of food affects the number of cycles which increases with the hardness of food.

[Study of the characteristics of the food bolus in elderly subjects with complete dentures]. / Etude des caractristiques du bol alimentaire chez des sujets agés porteurs de prothèses complètes.

Many studies have shown that wearing of complete dentures impairs masticatory function. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of complete denture wearing and ageing on masticatory performance. Masticatory performance was assessed by a granulometric method on 110 subjects divided into 3 groups according to dental state and age. The results show edentulous subjects have a masticatory performance worse than their congeneric of the same age. Indeed, the median of the distribution of the size of the particles is more important at the carriers of prostheses than at the toothed old subjects (P < 0.0001). On the other hand the extent of the distribution does not vary significantly between these 2 groups of subjects. The parameters of the masticatory performance do not vary in a statistically significant way between the old subjects and the young controls. There is thus no significant effect of the age on the parameters of the performance masticatory.

[Epidemiologic study of dental caries among students on the campus of the University of Dakar]. / Etude epidémiologique de la carie dentaire chez les étudiants du Centre des Oeuvres Universitaires de Dakar (COUD).

To assess needs of treatment and determine the prevalence of dental decay among students who lived officially in halls of residence in Dakar, a cross-sectional survey from a two-staged sampling was conducted. The following results were obtained: Three hundred and thirty students (78%) had at least one dental decay and among whom 72% presented teeth to fill and 28% teeth to pull out. One hundred and thirty students (32.5%) had at least one missing tooth and one hundred and nineteen students (29.75%) had at least one filled tooth. The average DMF was 3.52. One hundred eighty eight (47%) have needed denture. These relatively high indicators provided with schooling area suggest not only the necessity of improving the existing dental services, but the management of performing prevention programme from Elementary school until University.

[Clinical evaluation of the occlusion of young Senegalese]. / Evaluation clinique de l'occlusion de jeunes Sénégalais.

The dental occlusion is a basic phase of mastication moreover it is an everlasting concern for the dentist during therapeutic and prevention of dento-maxillo-facial disorders. Senegal is a country of recent dental practice and dental problems are frequent in it. We led this clinical assessment of occlusion on a sample of 30 young Senegalese people aged 18 to 35 years and we tried to evaluate the consequential effects on teeth and periodontal tissues with intent to use this study as pattern of prevalence evaluation of occlusion disorders. Taken at random in the consultation at the Institute of Odontology and Stomatology, these people have been selected by excluding any obvious cause of occlusal disorders. 76.67% of our sample are students and the average patient of the study is à 24 years man, wolof, student dwelling in Dakar. He has an avoid face, is in normocclusion or prognathia and presents a tooth affection which can be related to malocclusion and defective hygiene. 67% of examined teeth are in contact during maximal occlusion and 33% are in entire lack of posterior contact during protrusion meanwhile 73 to 80% present group function. In 70% of studied cases, the superficial periodontium is affected and 30% representing the deep periodontium, are quite safe. This word is a first attempt of prevalence evaluation. It has to be led in multicentric study and at a larger scale in order to have more exact sight of young Senegalese occlusal disorders.