RESUMEN
The prevalence of behavioral health conditions among older adults continues to rise while the number of specialty providers remains low. Nurses caring for aging populations across care settings have opportunities to integrate behavioral healthcare into their practice with adults to promote wellness and avoid negative outcomes. Priority issues for integrated behavioral health among older adults include depression, substance use disorders, and neurocognitive conditions. Connections to professional organizations, timely continuing education, and integration of evidenced-based clinical protocols are vital for nurses to provide effective integrated care.
Asunto(s)
Prestación Integrada de Atención de Salud , Servicios de Salud Mental , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias , Humanos , Anciano , Salud Mental , Envejecimiento/psicologíaRESUMEN
NPs in primary care settings are well positioned to treat substance use disorders (SUDs). SUDs affect patients across the age spectrum and may be diagnosed and treated by NPs using brief interventions and pharmacologic therapies, or patients may be referred to specialty services. This article provides guidelines for screening, brief interventions, and pharmacologic therapies.
Asunto(s)
Tamizaje Masivo/enfermería , Enfermería de Atención Primaria , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/enfermería , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Humanos , Enfermeras Practicantes/psicología , Guías de Práctica Clínica como AsuntoRESUMEN
Post-operative nausea and vomiting are undesirable complications following anaesthesia and surgery. It is thought that acupressure might prevent nausea and vomiting through an alteration in endorphins and serotonin levels. In this two-group, parallel, superiority, randomised control pilot trial we aimed to test pre-defined feasibility outcomes and provide preliminary evidence for the efficacy of PC 6 acupoint stimulation vs. placebo for reducing post-operative nausea and vomiting in cardiac surgery patients. Eighty patients were randomly assigned to either an intervention PC 6 acupoint stimulation via beaded intervention wristbands group (n=38) or placebo sham wristband group (n=42). The main outcome was assessment of pre-defined feasibility criteria with secondary outcomes for nausea, vomiting, rescue anti-emetic therapy, quality of recovery and adverse events. Findings suggest that a large placebo-controlled randomised controlled trial to test the efficacy of PC 6 stimulation on PONV in the post-cardiac surgery population is feasible and justified given the preliminary clinically significant reduction in vomiting in the intervention group in this pilot. The intervention was tolerated well by participants and if wrist acupressure of PC 6 acupoint is proven effective in a large trial it is a simple non-invasive intervention that could easily be incorporated into practice.
Asunto(s)
Acupresión/métodos , Náusea y Vómito Posoperatorios/terapia , Muñeca/fisiología , Acupresión/efectos adversos , Anciano , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proyectos Piloto , Náusea y Vómito Posoperatorios/epidemiología , Náusea y Vómito Posoperatorios/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
This new curriculum promotes up-to-date, evidence-based plans of care for older adults in acute care, long-term care, and community settings. Geriatric-specific content is a curricular thread and strong focus. Students have responded positively to the many opportunities they have to learn about the unique needs of older adults in multiple settings. Fortunately, we have several geriatric nurse practitioners on faculty along. Our students observe experts who are committed to promoting safe, quality, compassionate care to older adults in action on a daily basis.
Asunto(s)
Educación Basada en Competencias/métodos , Bachillerato en Enfermería , Enfermería Geriátrica/educación , Anciano , Educación Basada en Competencias/organización & administración , Humanos , Ciudad de Nueva York , Innovación OrganizacionalRESUMEN
Physical restraint use among hospitalized older adults remains an important issue. Despite evidence indicating that restraints can be harmful and strict regulatory rules restricting the use of restraints, healthcare practitioners continue to utilize physical restraints, often in the name of safety. The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions regarding physical restraint use among registered nurses (RNs) and nursing assistants (NAs). The Perceptions of Restraint Use Questionnaire (PRUQ) was used to evaluate nursing staff perceptions. The overall mean score for the PRUQ was 2.8 out of a possible 5, indicating a neutral perception. Both RNs and NAs identified treatment interference as the most important reason for restraining a patient and substituting of restraints for staff as the least important reason. This study revealed an overall less favorable perception of restraints than previous studies. NAs favored physical restraint for fall prevention more than RNs. It was also noted that protection from physical abuse and patient combativeness was the most salient reason cited by the emergency department staff.
Asunto(s)
Enfermeras Clínicas/psicología , Asistentes de Enfermería/psicología , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital/psicología , Restricción Física , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Evaluación del Rendimiento de Empleados , Femenino , Humanos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Masculino , Percepción , Muestreo , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
The Drosophila esc gene is a Polycomb Group (PcG) gene whose product is essential for histone H3 K27 methylation and PcG silencing yet genetic analysis indicated that its product was needed only in the very early embryo. We know now that escl, a close homologue of esc exists in the Drosophila genome. In contrast with earlier studies, we find that both esc and escl are expressed at all stages of development. We show that three major differences between the two genes are in the transcriptional control, which allows esc to make a much stronger maternal contribution; in the splicing efficiency, which makes a major difference in the early escl function; and in the lower participation of ESCL in the PRC2 complex and lower enzymatic activity of the resulting complex. Both genes can sustain normal development in the absence of the other except for the critical role provided by maternal esc product in early embryonic development. Finally, using zygotic mutations in both genes, we show that the gradual loss of function of PRC2 activity leads first to a loss of histone H3 K27 methylation and only at a later stage to a gradual loss of PRC1 binding to chromatin.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Drosophila/fisiología , Drosophila melanogaster/metabolismo , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Histonas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Homeodominio/genética , Proteínas/metabolismo , Proteínas Represoras/fisiología , Alelos , Empalme Alternativo , Animales , Unión Competitiva , Metilación de ADN , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Eliminación de Gen , Histona Metiltransferasas , N-Metiltransferasa de Histona-Lisina/metabolismo , Modelos Genéticos , Complejo Represivo Polycomb 1 , Complejo Represivo Polycomb 2 , Proteína Metiltransferasas , Interferencia de ARN , Proteínas de Unión al ARN , Proteínas Represoras/genéticaRESUMEN
The purpose of this training program was to prepare nursing staff in family-centered geriatric care that emphasizes providing culturally competent care to hospitalized elders at two major tertiary hospitals in New York. This research report corresponds to the first phase of a 3-year project. In this research project, a descriptive exploratory design was used to identify the levels of cultural awareness and cultural competence of nursing staff who participated in a family-centered geriatric care training program.
Asunto(s)
Competencia Clínica/normas , Educación Continua en Enfermería/organización & administración , Enfermería de la Familia , Enfermería Geriátrica/educación , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital/educación , Enfermería Transcultural/educación , Anciano , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Concienciación , Diversidad Cultural , Curriculum , Evaluación Educacional , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Capacitación en Servicio/organización & administración , New York , Investigación en Educación de Enfermería , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital/psicología , Atención Dirigida al Paciente/organización & administración , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Polycomb (PcG) complexes maintain the silent state of target genes. The mechanism of silencing is not known but has been inferred to involve chromatin packaging to block the access of transcription factors. We have studied the effect of PcG silencing on the hsp26 heat shock promoter. While silencing does decrease the accessibility of some restriction enzyme sites to some extent, it does not prevent the binding of TBP, RNA polymerase, or the heat shock factor to the hsp26 promoter, as shown by chromatin immunoprecipitation. However, we find that in the repressed state, the RNA polymerase cannot initiate transcription. We conclude that, rather than altering chromatin structure to block accessibility, PcG silencing in this construct targets directly the activity of the transcriptional machinery at the promoter.
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Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Silenciador del Gen , Genes de Insecto , Transcripción Genética , Animales , Biomarcadores , Cromatina/metabolismo , Huella de ADN , Elementos Transponibles de ADN , ARN Polimerasas Dirigidas por ADN/metabolismo , Drosophila , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/genética , Complejo Represivo Polycomb 1 , Pruebas de Precipitina , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , TransgenesRESUMEN
Enhancer of Zeste is a Polycomb Group protein essential for the establishment and maintenance of repression of homeotic and other genes. In the early embryo it is found in a complex that includes ESC and is recruited to Polycomb Response Elements. We show that this complex contains a methyltransferase activity that methylates lysine 9 and lysine 27 of histone H3, but the activity is lost when the E(Z) SET domain is mutated. The lysine 9 position is trimethylated and this mark is closely associated with Polycomb binding sites on polytene chromosomes but is also found in centric heterochromatin, chromosome 4, and telomeric sites. Histone H3 methylated in vitro by the E(Z)/ESC complex binds specifically to Polycomb protein.