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1.
Br J Surg ; 97(4): 485-94, 2010 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20205227

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Major surgery is associated with postoperative insulin resistance which is attenuated by preoperative carbohydrate (CHO) treatment. The effect of this treatment on clinical outcome after major abdominal surgery has not been assessed in a double-blind randomized trial. METHODS: Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery or liver resection were randomized to oral CHO or placebo drinks to be taken on the evening before surgery and 2 h before induction of anaesthesia. Primary outcomes were postoperative length of hospital stay and fatigue measured by visual analogue scale. RESULTS: Sixty-nine and 73 patients were evaluated in the CHO and placebo groups respectively. The groups were well matched with respect to surgical procedure, epidural analgesia, laparoscopic procedures, fasting period before induction and duration of surgery. Postoperative changes in fatigue score from baseline did not differ between the groups. Median (range) hospital stay was 7 (2-35) days in the CHO group and 8 (2-92) days in the placebo group (P = 0.344). For patients not receiving epidural blockade or laparoscopic surgery (20 CHO, 19 placebo), values were 7 (3-11) and 9 (2-48) days respectively (P = 0.054). CONCLUSION: Preoperative CHO treatment did not improve postoperative fatigue or length of hospital stay after major abdominal surgery. A benefit is not ruled out when epidural blockade or laparoscopic procedures are not used. REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN012605000456651 (http://www.anzctr.org.au).


Asunto(s)
Carbohidratos/administración & dosificación , Enfermedades del Colon/cirugía , Hepatopatías/cirugía , Enfermedades del Recto/cirugía , Administración Oral , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Glucemia/metabolismo , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Enfermedades del Colon/metabolismo , Método Doble Ciego , Fatiga/etiología , Femenino , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiología , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Insulina/metabolismo , Resistencia a la Insulina/fisiología , Laparoscopía , Tiempo de Internación , Hepatopatías/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Músculo Esquelético/anatomía & histología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/metabolismo , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Cuidados Preoperatorios/métodos , Enfermedades del Recto/metabolismo , Resultado del Tratamiento
2.
Br J Surg ; 96(11): 1243-52, 2009 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19847860

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Although the benefits of enteral nutrition in acute pancreatitis are well established, the optimal composition of enteral feeding is largely unknown. The aim of the study was to compare the tolerance and safety of enteral nutrition formulations in patients with acute pancreatitis. METHODS: Electronic databases (Scopus, MEDLINE, Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register) and the proceedings of major pancreatology conferences were searched. RESULTS: Twenty randomized controlled trials, including 1070 patients, met the inclusion criteria. None of the following was associated with a significant difference in feeding intolerance: the use of (semi)elemental versus polymeric formulation (relative risk (RR) 0.62 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0.10 to 3.97); P = 0.611); supplementation of enteral nutrition with probiotics (RR 0.69 (95 per cent c.i. 0.43 to 1.09); P = 0.110); or immunonutrition (RR 1.60 (95 per cent c.i. 0.31 to 8.29); P = 0.583). The risk of infectious complications and death did not differ significantly in any of the comparisons. CONCLUSION: The use of polymeric, compared with (semi)elemental, formulation does not lead to a significantly higher risk of feeding intolerance, infectious complications or death in patients with acute pancreatitis. Neither the supplementation of enteral nutrition with probiotics nor the use of immunonutrition significantly improves the clinical outcomes.


Asunto(s)
Nutrición Enteral , Alimentos Formulados/efectos adversos , Pancreatitis/terapia , Enfermedad Aguda , Fibras de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Fibras de la Dieta/efectos adversos , Alimentos Formulados/análisis , Humanos , Sesgo de Publicación , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto
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