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Key Clinical Message: Acute necrotizing encephalopathy leads to devastating neurological sequelae and even death. Clinician should try not to miss this diagnosis especially in the pediatrics whenever there are neurological symptoms due to viral infection. Abstract: Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a rare disease affecting the central nervous system. It leads to devastating neurological sequelae with a mortality rate of approximately 30%. Clinicians should have high suspicion whenever there is neurologic deficit and history of viral infections especially involving upper respiratory tract in the pediatric age group.
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Objective: To determine the factors associated with poor glycemic control in children (1-10 years), adolescents (11-18 years) and young adults (19-40 years) with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) in Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC) in Moshi, Mount Meru Regional Referral Hospital (MMRRH) and Meru District Hospital (MDH) in Arusha, Tanzania. Methods: Cross sectional study of 150 participants conducted from January to June 2019, data was collected by structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: The mean HbA1c was 12.3 ± 2.2%, 146 had poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 7.5%). BMI, insulin regime and caretaker education were associated with poor glycemic control. There were 16 participants diagnosed in DKA and the most frequently reported complications in the prior 3 months were hyperglycemia (n = 25), DKA (n = 18) and hypoglycemia (n = 4). Conclusions: Glycemic control is still very poor particularly in adolescents. Significant associations with glycemic control were higher BMI, insulin regime and guardian education. The study revealed lower prevalence of DKA at diagnosis compared to previous studies.