Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 6 de 6
Filtrar
Más filtros











Base de datos
Intervalo de año de publicación
1.
J Med Entomol ; 57(3): 893-900, 2020 05 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31891169

RESUMEN

Plague is a low incidence flea-borne zoonosis that is often fatal if treatment is delayed or inadequate. Outbreaks occur sporadically and human cases are often preceded by epizootics among rodents. Early recognition of epizootics coupled with appropriate prevention measures should reduce plague morbidity and mortality. For nearly a century, the flea index (a measure of fleas per host) has been used as a measure of risk for epizootic spread and human plague case occurrence, yet the practicality and effectiveness of its use in surveillance programs has not been evaluated rigorously. We sought to determine whether long-term monitoring of the Xenopsylla flea index on hut-dwelling rats in sentinel villages in the plague-endemic West Nile region of Uganda accurately predicted plague occurrence in the surrounding parish. Based on observations spanning ~6 yr, we showed that on average, the Xenopsylla flea index increased prior to the start of the annual plague season and tended to be higher in years when plague activity was reported in humans or rodents compared with years when it was not. However, this labor-intensive effort had limited spatial coverage and was a poor predictor of plague activity within sentinel parishes.


Asunto(s)
Epidemias , Peste/epidemiología , Peste/veterinaria , Ratas , Especies Centinela , Vigilancia de Guardia/veterinaria , Xenopsylla/fisiología , Animales , Densidad de Población , Estaciones del Año , Uganda/epidemiología
2.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep ; 67(17): 496-501, 2018 May 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29723166

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Vectorborne diseases are major causes of death and illness worldwide. In the United States, the most common vectorborne pathogens are transmitted by ticks or mosquitoes, including those causing Lyme disease; Rocky Mountain spotted fever; and West Nile, dengue, and Zika virus diseases. This report examines trends in occurrence of nationally reportable vectorborne diseases during 2004-2016. METHODS: Data reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System for 16 notifiable vectorborne diseases during 2004-2016 were analyzed; findings were tabulated by disease, vector type, location, and year. RESULTS: A total 642,602 cases were reported. The number of annual reports of tickborne bacterial and protozoan diseases more than doubled during this period, from >22,000 in 2004 to >48,000 in 2016. Lyme disease accounted for 82% of all tickborne disease reports during 2004-2016. The occurrence of mosquitoborne diseases was marked by virus epidemics. Transmission in Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and American Samoa accounted for most reports of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus diseases; West Nile virus was endemic, and periodically epidemic, in the continental United States. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE: Vectorborne diseases are a large and growing public health problem in the United States, characterized by geographic specificity and frequent pathogen emergence and introduction. Differences in distribution and transmission dynamics of tickborne and mosquitoborne diseases are often rooted in biologic differences of the vectors. To effectively reduce transmission and respond to outbreaks will require major national improvement of surveillance, diagnostics, reporting, and vector control, as well as new tools, including vaccines.


Asunto(s)
Fiebre Chikungunya/epidemiología , Dengue/epidemiología , Enfermedad de Lyme/epidemiología , Vigilancia de la Población , Fiebre Maculosa de las Montañas Rocosas/epidemiología , Fiebre del Nilo Occidental/epidemiología , Infección por el Virus Zika/epidemiología , Samoa Americana/epidemiología , Animales , Culicidae , Humanos , Incidencia , Insectos Vectores , Puerto Rico/epidemiología , Garrapatas , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Islas Virgenes de los Estados Unidos/epidemiología
4.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep ; 65(14): 372-4, 2016 Apr 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27078057

RESUMEN

Zika virus infection has been linked to increased risk for Guillain-Barré syndrome and adverse fetal outcomes, including congenital microcephaly. In January 2016, after notification from a local health care provider, an investigation by Dallas County Health and Human Services (DCHHS) identified a case of sexual transmission of Zika virus between a man with recent travel to an area of active Zika virus transmission (patient A) and his nontraveling male partner (patient B). At this time, there had been one prior case report of sexual transmission of Zika virus. The present case report indicates Zika virus can be transmitted through anal sex, as well as vaginal sex. Identification and investigation of cases of sexual transmission of Zika virus in nonendemic areas present valuable opportunities to inform recommendations to prevent sexual transmission of Zika virus.


Asunto(s)
Homosexualidad Masculina , Conducta Sexual , Infección por el Virus Zika/diagnóstico , Infección por el Virus Zika/transmisión , Humanos , Masculino , Texas , Viaje , Venezuela/epidemiología , Virus Zika/aislamiento & purificación , Infección por el Virus Zika/epidemiología
6.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 14(5): 763-71, 2008 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18439359

RESUMEN

We evaluated risk factors for sporadic Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection among children in Argentina. We conducted a prospective case-control study in 2 sites and enrolled 150 case-patients and 299 controls. The median age of case-patients was 1.8 years; 58% were girls. Serotype O157:H7 was the most commonly isolated STEC. Exposures associated with infection included eating undercooked beef, living in or visiting a place with farm animals, and contact with a child <5 years of age with diarrhea. Protective factors included the respondent reporting that he or she always washed hands after handling raw beef and the child eating more than the median number of fruits and vegetables. Many STEC infections in children could be prevented by avoiding consumption of undercooked beef, limiting exposure to farm animals and their environment, not being exposed to children with diarrhea, and washing hands after handling raw beef.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Escherichia coli/epidemiología , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urémico/epidemiología , Toxina Shiga/biosíntesis , Escherichia coli Shiga-Toxigénica/aislamiento & purificación , Adolescente , Animales , Argentina/epidemiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Preescolar , Diarrea/epidemiología , Diarrea/microbiología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/microbiología , Escherichia coli O157/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urémico/microbiología , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Factores de Riesgo
SELECCIÓN DE REFERENCIAS
DETALLE DE LA BÚSQUEDA