Coevolution with hosts underpins speciation in brood-parasitic cuckoos.

Coevolution between interacting species is thought to increase biodiversity, but evidence linking microevolutionary processes to macroevolutionary patterns is scarce. We leveraged two decades of behavioral research coupled with historical DNA analysis to reveal that coevolution with hosts underpins speciation in brood-parasitic bronze-cuckoos. At a macroevolutionary scale, we show that highly virulent brood-parasitic taxa have higher speciation rates and are more likely to speciate in sympatry than less-virulent and nonparasitic relatives. We reveal the microevolutionary process underlying speciation: Hosts reject cuckoo nestlings, which selects for mimetic cuckoo nestling morphology. Where cuckoos exploit multiple hosts, selection for mimicry drives genetic and phenotypic divergence corresponding to host preference, even in sympatry. Our work elucidates perhaps the most common, but poorly characterized, evolutionary process driving biological diversification.

Aumento de la confianza en la interpretación del PET con 18F-Florbetaben: “machine learning” basado en la aproximación cuantitativa / Increasing the confidence of 18F-florbetaben PET interpretations: Machine learning quantitative approximation

Objetivo: Determinar el valor a-adido de los parámetros semicuantitativos en el análisis visual y estudiar los patrones del depósito cerebral de 18F-Florbetaben. Material y métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de pacientes con deterioro cognitivo leve o demencia de origen incierto procedentes de un estudio multicentrico. Los PET con 18F-Florbetaben fueron interpretados de forma visual por dos observadores independientes, analizando las regiones “diana” con la finalidad de calcular el acuerdo interobservador. Se realizó análisis semicuantitativo de todas las regiones corticales con respecto a tres regiones de referencia para obtener índices de captación (SUVRs). Se analizó la capacidad de los SUVRs para predecir el resultado de la interpretación visual, la posibilidad de depósito preferencial del radiotrazador en algunas regiones “diana” así como las diferencias interhemisféricas. Resultados: Se evaluaron 135 pacientes. En la valoración visual, 72 estudios se clasificaron como positivos. El acuerdo interobservador fue excelente. Todos los SUVRs fueron significativamente superiores en pacientes con PET positivos con respecto a los negativos. Las regiones corticales correspondientes al área prefrontal y al cingulado posterior mostraron la mejor correlación con la evaluación visual, seguidas por la valoración integrada cortical. Usando análisis de ROC, los SUVRs obtenidos en las mismas regiones “diana” mostraron la mejor capacidad diagnóstica. Conclusiones: La información obtenida de las regiones “diana” parece ser de ayuda en la clasificación visual, basado en un depósito preferencial de amiloide, lo que permitiría el “machine learning”. El depósito de amiloide, aunque difuso en todas las regiones corticales, parece no ser uniforme ni simétrico (AU)

Aim: To assess the added value of semiquantitative parameters on the visual assessment and to study the patterns of 18F-Florbetaben brain deposition. Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis of multicenter study performed in patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia of uncertain origin. 18F-Florbetaben PET scans were visually interpreted by two experienced observers, analyzing target regions in order to calculate the interobserver agreement. Semiquantification of all cortical regions with respect to three reference regions was performed to obtain standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs). The ability of SUVRs to predict the visual evaluation, the possibility of preferential radiotracer deposition in some target regions and interhemisphere differenceswere analyzed. Results: 135 patients were evaluated. In the visual assessment, 72 were classified as positive. Interobserver agreement was excellent. All SUVRs were significantly higher in positive PET scans than in negative ones. Prefrontal area and posterior cingulate were the cortical regions with the best correlations with the visual evaluation, followed by the composite region. Using ROC analysis, the SUVRs obtained in same target locations showed the best diagnostic performance. Conclusions: The derived information from target regions seems to help the visual classification, based on a preferential amyloid deposit, allowing machine learning. The amyloid deposit, although diffuse in all cortical regions, seems not to be uniform and symmetric (AU)

Eficacia de las medidas de prevención de úlceras por presión en neonatos y niños: revisión sistemática / Efficacy of pressure ulcer prevention measures in newborns and childs: sistematic review

Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de los métodos de prevención de úlceras por presión en neonatos y niños. Metodología: Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática sin metaanálisis de la literatura, para ello se han empleado las principales bases de datos nacionales e internaciones: CINAHL, PubMed, LILACS, CUIDEN plus, Scopus y Cochrane. Se ha elaborado una cadena de búsqueda específica para cada una de ellas. Además, se ha realizado una búsqueda inversa de los artículos incluidos. La búsqueda se ha realizado desde octubre de 2019 hasta febrero de 2020, y se han revisado 574 artículos. Después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos, se seleccionaron 15 artículos con información relevante para esta revisión. Resultados: Los hallazgos han sido positivos, y han mostrado la eficacia de las medidas de prevención de úlceras por presión en este grupo poblacional en todos los artículos. Estas medidas se han correlacionado negativamente con el desarrollo de úlceras por presión con significación estadística, disminuyendo la incidencia entre un 12 y un 57%. Conclusiones: Es necesario aplicar medidas de prevención de úlceras por presión específicas para neonatos y niños para garantizar una adecuada atención y cuidados de calidad (AU)

Objective: Determining the efficacy of these pressure ulcers prevention measures in relation to child and neonates has been the main aim of this review. Methodology: A systematic review without meta-analyses of the literature has been carried out through the main national and international databases: CINAHL, PubMed, LILACS, CUIDEN plus, Scopus y Cochrane. Nevertheless, a specific string search has been used for each one. Furthermore, an inverse search of the articles included has been done. The search has been carried out from October 2019 to February 2020, being reviewed, in this way, 574 articles. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria established, we select 15 articles which include relevant information for this work. Results: They have been positive, which show, in all the articles studied, the efficacy of pressure ulcers prevention measures in this population. These measures have been correlated negatively with the development of pressure ulcers which have statistical significance, decreasing the incidence between 12% and 57%. Conclusions: Applying pressure ulcers prevention measures, specific for neonates and child, is necessary with the objective of ensuring an adequate service and quality care (AU)

The global burden of chronic urticaria for the patient and society.

Chronic urticaria (CU) affects about 1% of the world population of all ages, mostly young and middle-aged women. It usually lasts for several years (> 1 year in 25-75% of patients) and often takes > 1 year before effective management is implemented. It presents as chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU) or both in the same person. More than 25% of cases are resistant to H1 -antihistamines, even at higher doses, and third- and fourth-line therapies (omalizumab and ciclosporin) control the disease only in two-thirds of H1 -antihistamine-resistant patients. Here we review the impact of CU on different aspects of patients' quality of life and the burden of this chronic disease for the patient and society. CU may have a strong impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), particularly when CSU is associated with angio-oedema and/or CIndU (Dermatology Life Quality Index > 10 in 30% of patients). Comorbidities, such as anxiety and depression, which are present in more than 30% of patients with CSU, compound HRQoL impairment. Severe pruritus and the unpredictable occurrence of weals and angio-oedema are responsible for sleep disorders; sexual dysfunction; limitations on daily life, work and sports activities; interfering with life within the family and in society; and patients' performance at school and work (6% absenteeism and 25% presenteeism). Apart from treatment costs, with annual values between 900 and 2400 purchasing power parity dollars (PPP$) in Europe and the USA, CU is associated with a high consumption of medical resources and other indirect costs, which may reach a total annual cost of PPP$ 15 550.

Influence of Acromial Morphologic Characteristics and Acromioclavicular Arthrosis on the Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Partial Tears of the Supraspinatus Tendon.

OBJECTIVE. The purposes of this study were to determine the medium-term effect of ultrasound-guided infiltration of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on partial tears of the supraspinatus tendon (SST) and to identify prognostic indicators of an unfavorable outcome. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Over a period of 4 years, patients with a partial SST tear smaller than 1.5 cm referred for ultrasound-guided PRP infiltration (1 mL) for shoulder pain lasting more than 3 months were recruited consecutively. MRI was used to analyze the type of acromion and presence of acromioclavicular (AC) arthrosis. Primary (size of the tear and associated bursitis) and secondary (mobility and pain) results were collected at 3 months. RESULTS. The study included 128 patients (66 men, 62 women; mean age, 48.3 years; range, 20-59 years). At 3 months, favorable evolution of the tear repair was recorded in 71.1% (91/128) of patients and resolution of bursitis in 66.7% (42/63). Changes in tear size had large effect sizes (Cohen d ≥ 1.16), as did pain and shoulder mobility (Cohen d ≥ 0.95). The strongest predictors of unfavorable evolution of tear and bursitis were type 3 acromion and types 1 and 2 acromion with AC arthrosis (p < 0.001; ß = 20.412). CONCLUSION. Ultrasound-guided PRP infiltration of partial tears of the SST relieves pain and improves shoulder mobility, but its effect on the size of the tear is influenced by the morphologic characteristics of the acromion and the presence of AC arthrosis. The effect of PRP is insufficient in patients with a type 3 acromion or severe AC arthrosis.

Erythema multiforme induced by tramadol: an allergy assessment

No disponible

Competencies on environmental health and pedagogical approaches in the nursing curriculum: A systematic review of the literature.

It has been suggested that climate change is the biggest threat to public health for the 21st Century; increased demand on health services will impact on already overstretched resources and systems will need to be able to respond. However limited attention is given to climate change and sustainability in nursing education; there is no clear guidance on curricula content for nurses or recommendations regarding the skills and competencies that will be required. Literature published in Dutch, English, German, and Spanish was searched and 32 papers met the inclusion criteria for the review. Results suggests that holistic/systems thinking is relevant to healthcare so bringing a 'sustainability lens' to nursing curricula could be seen as being consistent with wider determinants of health. The literature review has identified the educational approaches necessary to provide a broad based curriculum and a cross-disciplinary approach. The findings suggest that topics such as the use of resources, food, health promotion, globalism, disease management, and the environmental impact of delivering healthcare, if embedded in nursing education could support the nursing profession's response for this new and important aspect of healthcare.

Pathway-oriented action of dietary essential oils to prevent muscle protein oxidation and texture deterioration of farmed rainbow trout.

Recently, great attention has been directed towards the use of essential oils from aromatic plants as antimicrobials and antioxidant in food matrix. Fish is well known to be a high perishable food. Indeed, fish muscle is susceptible to suffer protein and lipid oxidation during frozen storage, which can lead to the development of softening and undesirable volatile molecules. However, the possible inclusion of essential oils in fish feed for preserving fish flesh quality during storage is still unclear. For this reason, the potential protective effects of the incorporation of a dietary essential oil constituted by eucalyptol, carvacrol and thymol, to rainbow trout's (Oncorhynchus mykiss) feed were here investigated. Frozen fish fillets resulting from trout fed the essential oil showed a significant protection of specific muscle proteins against the oxidation produced during frozen storage at -10ºC for 6 months. Essential oil-enriched feed decreased carbonylation of specific myofibrillar (α-actinins-1 and -3, myosin heavy chain, myomesin-1, pyruvate kinase, tropomyosin, troponin-T and actin) and sarcoplasmic proteins (glycogen phosphorylase, creatine kinase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A and phosphoglycerate mutase 2). Essential oils also increased actin stability and preserved muscle protein solubility and water holding capacity. In addition, essential oils inhibited the onset of lipid oxidation and rancidity, resulting in frozen fish with superior textural quality and sensory scores. As a final conclusion, the inclusion of essential oils in farmed rainbow trout feed is largely efficient for increasing fish quality and shelf life during frozen storage, mainly through a selective-antioxidant effect on muscle proteins.

Valor del Test de Silfverskiöld para el diagnóstico de la fascitis plantar / Value of the Silfverskiöld Test for the diagnosis of plantar fasciitis

La fascitis plantar (FP) está descrita como la causa más común de dolor en el talón. Aunque se considera una patología multifactorial, la limitación de la dorsiflexión del tobillo es uno de los factores más determinantes, predisponiendo al desarrollo de patologías en el miembro inferior. Objetivo: Determinar la exactitud del test de Silfverskiöld como herramienta diagnóstica de la FP a partir del análisis de varios indicadores (sensibilidad, especifidad, valor predictivo positivo y negativo, y razones de verosimilitud positiva y negativa). Método: Se realizó un estudio de validez transversal en 16 sujetos (9 mujeres y 7 hombres) diagnosticados de fascitis plantar unilateral de al menos 3 meses de evolución. Un fisioterapeuta se encargó de evaluar el déficit de dorsiflexión en ambos tobillos mediante el Test de Silfverskiöld. Resultados: Fueron descartados aquellos pies sin problemas de movilidad en dorsiflexión de tobillo, por lo que finalmente fueron analizados 14 pies afectos y 8 sanos. los indicadores de eficacia diagnóstica del test de Silfverskiöld en la FP. Al determinar la eficacia del test de Silfverskiöld como predictor de FP encontramos una sensibilidad de 93,7%, especificidad del 75%, valor predictivo positivo (VPP) de 86,6% y valor predictivo negativo (VPN) de 85,7%. La razón de verosimilitud positiva (RV+) fue de 3,74, mientras que la negativa (RV-) resultó 12,5. Conclusión: El test de Silfverskiöld puede ser considerado una prueba eficaz para el diagnóstico de la FP. Existe una importante asociación entre la limitación en la dorsiflexión de tobillo por restricción de gemelos y la probabilidad de padecer FP

Background: Plantar fasciitis (PF) is described as the most common cause of heel pain. Although it is considered a multifactorial pathology, the limitation of dorsiflexion of the ankle is one of the most determining factors, predisposing to the development of pathologies in the lower limb. Objective: To determine the accuracy of the Silfverskiöld test as a diagnostic tool for PF, based on the analysis of several indicators (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and positive and negative likelihood ratios). Method: A cross-sectional validity study was conducted in 16 subjects (9 women and 7 men) diagnosed with unilateral plantar fasciitis of at least 3 months evolution. A physiotherapist was responsible for assessing the deficit of dorsiflexion in both ankles by the Silfverskiöld test. Outcome: Those feet without mobility problems in ankle dorsiflexion were discarded, so finally 14 affected feet and 8 healthy ones were analyzed. the indicators of diagnostic efficacy of the Silfverskiöld test in PF. When determining the efficacy of the Silfverskiöld test as a predictor of PF, we found a sensitivity of 93.7%, specificity of 75%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 86.6% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 85.7%. The positive likelihood ratio (LR+) was 3.74, while the negative (LR-) ratio was 12.5. Conclusion: The Silfverskiöld test can be considered an effective test for the diagnosis of PF. There is an important association between limitation in dorsiflexion of the ankle due to restriction of twins and the probability of suffering PF

Tissue engineering strategies for the treatment of tendon injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal models.

OBJECTIVES: Recently, the field of tissue engineering has made numerous advances towards achieving artificial tendon substitutes with excellent mechanical and histological properties, and has had some promising experimental results. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the efficacy of tissue engineering in the treatment of tendon injuries. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for the time period 1999 to 2016 for trials investigating tissue engineering used to improve tendon healing in animal models. The studies were screened for inclusion based on randomization, controls, and reported measurable outcomes. The RevMan software package was used for the meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 388 references were retrieved and 35 studies were included in this systematic review. The different biomaterials developed were analyzed and we found that they improve the biomechanical and histological characteristics of the repaired tendon. At meta-analysis, despite a high heterogeneity, it revealed a statistically significant effect in favour of the maximum load, the maximum stress, and the Young's modulus between experimental and control groups. In the forest plot, the diamond was on the right side of the vertical line and did not intersect with the line, favouring experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS: This review of the literature demonstrates the heterogeneity in the tendon tissue engineering literature. Several biomaterials have been developed and have been shown to enhance tendon healing and regeneration with improved outcomes.Cite this article: D. González-Quevedo, I. Martínez-Medina, A. Campos, F. Campos, V. Carriel. Tissue engineering strategies for the treatment of tendon injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal models. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:318-324. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.74.BJR-2017-0326.

Impact of black soldier fly larvae meal on the chemical and nutritional characteristics of rainbow trout fillets.

The present research studied the effect of a dietary inclusion with Hermetia illucens larvae meal (Hi) on rainbow trout's fillets chemical composition. The effect of Hi inclusion in diets on rainbow trout chemical characteristics was evaluated. Trout were fed three different diets: control (C, no Hi inclusion), 25% and 50% of substitution of fish meal with Hi (Hi25 and Hi50, respectively). Fillets were analysed to quantify proximate composition, carbohydrates percentage, colour parameters, nucleotides concentration, fatty acids profile, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic concentrations. Diets did not affect proximate composition. Contrariwise, Hi50 diet decreased fillet yellowness and both substitution percentages affected negatively adenosine monophosphate concentration. Saturated fatty acids, mostly C12 : 0, increased their contents in relation with Hi inclusion at the expense of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated (both n-3 and n-6) fatty acids. Less modifications were reported in VOCs as only heptanal and octanal concentrations were affected, no new compounds appeared in relation with Hi inclusion. No modifications in proteins patterns were shown even if myofibrillar content decreased in trout fed Hi50. The results highlighted that chemical modifications occurred in fillets were related to the chemical composition of the H. illucens meal and to the percentage of inclusion in the diet. Substitution of fish meal with a precisely percentage of H. illucens meal could be a potential future solution in order to decrease the quantity of fish meal used in aquafeeds.

Egg shape mimicry in parasitic cuckoos.

Parasitic cuckoos lay their eggs in nests of host species. Rejection of cuckoo eggs by hosts has led to the evolution of egg mimicry by cuckoos, whereby their eggs mimic the colour and pattern of their host eggs to avoid egg recognition and rejection. There is also evidence of mimicry in egg size in some cuckoo-host systems, but currently it is unknown whether cuckoos can also mimic the egg shape of their hosts. In this study, we test whether there is evidence of mimicry in egg form (shape and size) in three species of Australian cuckoos: the fan-tailed cuckoo Cacomantis flabelliformis, which exploits dome nesting hosts, the brush cuckoo Cacomantis variolosus, which exploits both dome and cup nesting hosts, and the pallid cuckoo Cuculus pallidus, which exploits cup nesting hosts. We found evidence of size mimicry and, for the first time, evidence of egg shape mimicry in two Australian cuckoo species (pallid cuckoo and brush cuckoo). Moreover, cuckoo-host egg similarity was higher for hosts with open nests than for hosts with closed nests. This finding fits well with theory, as it has been suggested that hosts with closed nests have more difficulty recognizing parasitic eggs than open nests, have lower rejection rates and thus exert lower selection for mimicry in cuckoos. This is the first evidence of mimicry in egg shape in a cuckoo-host system, suggesting that mimicry at different levels (size, shape, colour pattern) is evolving in concert. We also confirm the existence of egg size mimicry in cuckoo-host systems.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae Sequence Typing for Antimicrobial Resistance, a Novel Antimicrobial Resistance Multilocus Typing Scheme for Tracking Global Dissemination of N. gonorrhoeae Strains.

A curated Web-based user-friendly sequence typing tool based on antimicrobial resistance determinants in Neisseria gonorrhoeae was developed and is publicly accessible (https://ngstar.canada.ca). The N. gonorrhoeae Sequence Typing for Antimicrobial Resistance (NG-STAR) molecular typing scheme uses the DNA sequences of 7 genes (penA, mtrR, porB, ponA, gyrA, parC, and 23S rRNA) associated with resistance to ß-lactam antimicrobials, macrolides, or fluoroquinolones. NG-STAR uses the entire penA sequence, combining the historical nomenclature for penA types I to XXXVIII with novel nucleotide sequence designations; the full mtrR sequence and a portion of its promoter region; portions of ponA, porB, gyrA, and parC; and 23S rRNA sequences. NG-STAR grouped 768 isolates into 139 sequence types (STs) (n = 660) consisting of 29 clonal complexes (CCs) having a maximum of a single-locus variation, and 76 NG-STAR STs (n = 109) were identified as unrelated singletons. NG-STAR had a high Simpson's diversity index value of 96.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.959 to 0.969). The most common STs were NG-STAR ST-90 (n = 100; 13.0%), ST-42 and ST-91 (n = 45; 5.9%), ST-64 (n = 44; 5.72%), and ST-139 (n = 42; 5.5%). Decreased susceptibility to azithromycin was associated with NG-STAR ST-58, ST-61, ST-64, ST-79, ST-91, and ST-139 (n = 156; 92.3%); decreased susceptibility to cephalosporins was associated with NG-STAR ST-90, ST-91, and ST-97 (n = 162; 94.2%); and ciprofloxacin resistance was associated with NG-STAR ST-26, ST-90, ST-91, ST-97, ST-150, and ST-158 (n = 196; 98.0%). All isolates of NG-STAR ST-42, ST-43, ST-63, ST-81, and ST-160 (n = 106) were susceptible to all four antimicrobials. The standardization of nomenclature associated with antimicrobial resistance determinants through an internationally available database will facilitate the monitoring of the global dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant N. gonorrhoeae strains.

Preservation of Malassezia pachydermatis using skimmed milk as cryoprotective agent.

This study evaluated the effect of skimmed milk as a cryoprotectant for the maintenance and long-term preservation of 70 Malassezia pachydermatis strains. An initial suspension of each strain was prepared in sterile distilled water with skimmed milk. The most effective method was cryopreservation that ensured 100% viability for 2years.

Angioedema hereditario, ponderación de evidencias. parte 2 - tratamiento / Hereditary angioedema, weighting of evidence. Part 2 - Treatment

Desde las observaciones de Quincke y Osler, que refirieron pacientes con una "tumefacción" diferente de las que provocaban habitualmente los mecanismos alérgicos hasta el descubrimiento de un nuevo mediador responsable de esos edemas dolorosos y deformantes, se han sucedido los aportes de los investigadores en el esclarecimiento de la patogenia y el tratamiento del AEH hasta la actualidad, en que el arsenal terapéutico se ve notablemente enriquecido por medicamentos altamente eficaces y específicos. Intentaremos describirlos. (AU)

From the observations of Quincke and Osler, who referred patients with a "swelling" different from those that usually provoked the allergic mechanisms until the discovery of a new mediator responsible for these painful and deforming edemas, have been the contributions of researchers in the Clarification of the pathogenesis and treatment of HAE to date, where the therapeutic arsenal is remarkably enriched by highly effective and specific drugs. We will try to describe them.(AU)

The sacral autonomic outflow is sympathetic.

A kinship between cranial and pelvic visceral nerves of vertebrates has been accepted for a century. Accordingly, sacral preganglionic neurons are considered parasympathetic, as are their targets in the pelvic ganglia that prominently control rectal, bladder, and genital functions. Here, we uncover 15 phenotypic and ontogenetic features that distinguish pre- and postganglionic neurons of the cranial parasympathetic outflow from those of the thoracolumbar sympathetic outflow in mice. By every single one, the sacral outflow is indistinguishable from the thoracolumbar outflow. Thus, the parasympathetic nervous system receives input from cranial nerves exclusively and the sympathetic nervous system from spinal nerves, thoracic to sacral inclusively. This simplified, bipartite architecture offers a new framework to understand pelvic neurophysiology as well as development and evolution of the autonomic nervous system.

Highly sensitive and ultrafast read mapping for RNA-seq analysis.

As sequencing technologies progress, the amount of data produced grows exponentially, shifting the bottleneck of discovery towards the data analysis phase. In particular, currently available mapping solutions for RNA-seq leave room for improvement in terms of sensitivity and performance, hindering an efficient analysis of transcriptomes by massive sequencing. Here, we present an innovative approach that combines re-engineering, optimization and parallelization. This solution results in a significant increase of mapping sensitivity over a wide range of read lengths and substantial shorter runtimes when compared with current RNA-seq mapping methods available.

Stress during slaughter increases lipid metabolites and decreases oxidative stability of farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during frozen storage.

The consequences of slaughter on the formation of lipid metabolites and oxidative stability of fish muscle during long term frozen storage (-10 °C) were evaluated using farmed rainbow trout killed by asphyxia in air or percussion. The level of major adenine nucleotides and their related compounds was determined in order to check the stress level during slaughter. Plasma lipid metabolites were studied through the determination of eicosanoids and docosanoids such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, isoprostanes, resolvins, hydroxides, hydroperoxides, coming from eicosapentaenoic (EPA), arachidonic (ARA), and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. In addition, lipid oxidative stability of fillets was monitored. Results revealed that stress during slaughter can greatly influence oxidative stress and oxidative stability of rainbow trout fillets. In fact, asphyxia, which was the most stressful, induced a higher production of some lipid mediators such as hydroperoxides and EPA-derived prostaglandins, such as 12-HpHEPE/15-HpHEPE and PGD3/PGE3. As a consequence, fillets derived from asphyxiated fish were less stable in terms of oxidative stability and showed lower shelf-life.

ANGIOEDEMA HEREDITARIO, PONDERACIÓN DE EVIDENCIAS. PARTE 1 / Hereditary angioedema, weighting of evidence. Part 1

A pesar de que el angioedema hereditario es un padecimiento raro, tiene una amplia bibliografía que ratifica que la fisiopatología de esta enfermedad es compleja. La constante investigación de la industria farmacéutica no solo ha aportado nuevos recursos terapéuticos sino que ha logrado despertar un inusitado interés en la comunidad médica, permitiendo que tengamos una mayor comprensión sobre los mecanismos que presiden la aparición de las crisis. El Comité de Angioedema Hereditario de la AAAeIC ha desarrollado una puesta al día sobre esta entidad, que, por las características de sus síntomas, es abordada principalmente por los especialistas en alergia e inmunología clínica(AU)

Although hereditary angioedema is a rare condition, it has a large number of references that confirm that the pathophysiology of this disease is complex. The constant research of the pharmaceutical industry has not only brought new therapeutic resources, but also aroused an unusual interest in the medical community, allowing us to have a better understanding of the mechanisms that perform the onset of crises. The AAA e IC Hereditary Angioedema Committee has developed an update on this entity, which, due to the characteristics of its symptoms, is mainly addressed by specialists in allergy and clinical immunology.(AU)