Morphological and molecular analysis of apoptosis in the corpus cavernosum of rats submitted to a chronic alcoholism model.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of chronic alcoholism on morphometry and apoptosis mechanism and correlate with miRNA-21 expression in the corpus cavernosum of rats. METHODS: Twenty-four rats were divided into two experimental groups: Control (C) and Alcoholic group (A). After two weeks of an adaptive phase, rats from group A received only ethanol solution (20%) during 7 weeks. The morphometric and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry analysis were performed in the corpus cavernosum. The miRNA-21 expression was analyzed in blood and cavernous tissue. RESULTS: Chronic ethanol consumption decreased cavernosal smooth muscle area of alcoholic rats. The protein expression of caspase 3 in the corpus cavernosum was higher in A compared to the C group. There was no difference in the expression of miRNA-21 in serum and cavernous tissue between the groups. CONCLUSION: Chronic ethanol consumption reduced smooth muscle area and increased caspase 3 in the corpus cavernosum of rats, without altered serum and cavernosal miR-21 gene expression.

Directly observed treatment for tuberculosis in the State of São Paulo / Tratamiento directamente observado de la tuberculosis en el Estado de São Paulo / Tratamento diretamente observado da tuberculose no Estado de São Paulo

ABSTRACT Objectives: To describe and analyze the coverage profile of directly observed treatment for tuberculosis in 59 priority municipalities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, through the creation and comparison of groups homogenized by the number of people in each municipality from 2006 to 2012. Method: Quantitative, epidemiological and descriptive study based on the data available in the EPI-TB and the Statistica 7.0 software databases. Results: The mean and standard deviation of directly observed treatment for the 59 priority municipalities of the state of São Paulo were 77.0 ± 24.3%. The coverage of directly observed treatment increased in 34 municipalities (57.6%) but decreased in 25 (42.4%). Conclusion: Some municipalities could not keep the coverage reached at some point. This coverage heterogeneity should be examined in detail by searching for possible reasons in political-management, technical-operational and funding dimensions.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir y analizar el perfil de cobertura del Tratamiento Directamente Observado (TDO) en 59 municipios relevantes del Estado de São Paulo/Brasil, mediante formación y comparación de subgrupos, homogeneizados por el número de habitantes/municipio, de 2006 a 2012. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, epidemiológico y descriptivo, utilizándose el Banco EPI-TB y el Statistica 7.0. Resultados: La media y el desvío estándar del TDO para los 59 municipios relevantes del Estado de São Paulo/Brasil fue del 77,0% ± 24,3. La cobertura del TDO resultó creciente en treinta y cuatro municipios (57,6%), aunque en veinticinco (42,4%) hubo una disminución del porcentaje de cobertura. Conclusión: Algunos municipios no consiguieron mantener la sustentabilidad de la cobertura alcanzada en algún momento. Esta heterogeneidad de cobertura necesita profundizarse, buscando las posibles explicaciones en las dimensiones político-gerenciales, técnico-operativas y de financiamiento de acciones en TB.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever e analisar o perfil da cobertura do Tratamento Diretamente Observado (TDO) em 59 municípios prioritários do Estado de São Paulo/Brasil, por meio da formação e comparação de subgrupos homogeneizados pelo número de habitantes/município, de 2006 a 2012. Método: Estudo quantitativo, epidemiológico e descritivo, utilizando-se o Banco EPI-TB e do Statistica 7.0. Resultados: A média e o desvio-padrão do TDO para os 59 municípios prioritários do Estado de São Paulo/Brasil foi de 77,0% ± 24,3. A cobertura do TDO foi crescente em trinta e quatro municípios (57,6%), porém, em vinte e cinco (42,4,houve uma diminuição da porcentagem de cobertura. Conclusão: Alguns municípios não conseguiram manter a sustentabilidade da cobertura alcançada em algum momento. Essa heterogeneidade de cobertura precisa ser aprofundada, buscando as possíveis explicações nas dimensões político-gerencial, técnico-operacional e do financiamento das ações em tuberculose (TB).

Directly observed treatment for tuberculosis in the State of São Paulo.

OBJECTIVES: To describe and analyze the coverage profile of directly observed treatment for tuberculosis in 59 priority municipalities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, through the creation and comparison of groups homogenized by the number of people in each municipality from 2006 to 2012. METHOD: Quantitative, epidemiological and descriptive study based on the data available in the EPI-TB and the Statistica 7.0 software databases. RESULTS: The mean and standard deviation of directly observed treatment for the 59 priority municipalities of the state of São Paulo were 77.0 ± 24.3%. The coverage of directly observed treatment increased in 34 municipalities (57.6%) but decreased in 25 (42.4%). CONCLUSION: Some municipalities could not keep the coverage reached at some point. This coverage heterogeneity should be examined in detail by searching for possible reasons in political-management, technical-operational and funding dimensions.