RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In primary health care, social prescribing is an important tool which is gaining popularity. It is being studied significantly, however there is not enough evidence about different related issues. The aim of this study is to analyse the differences by sex in the application of a social prescription protocol in Primary Care. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with data from the Electronic Health Record between September 2018 and March 2021. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses of data from 2,109 records of Social Prescription protocol in primary health care centers located in Aragón in northern Spain (Europe) were performed using Jamovi Statistics software (version 2.3.28). The comparisons by sex were carried out using a Mann-Whitney U or chi-squared test to analyse differences. RESULTS: The protocol was used correctly 1,482 times, where it was applied more in females (74.8% female vs. 25.2% male). The median age in females was higher than males (female 72 vs. males 70; p = 0.003). There were significant differences by sex in several aspects to strengthen with the social prescribing, physical, emotional and relational skills. Most females and males regularly attended the recommended asset and there were significant differences in the group that never attended. Mean satisfaction was statistically different, with 4.74 points out of 5 for females and 4.86/5 for males (p = 0.010). It can be observed that older females in rural areas (OR = 34.15), whose social prescription acts on Emotional Skills and Relational and Social Skills (OR = 6.10-8.23), with good prior self-care and greater participant satisfaction (OR = 8.96), have greater chance of improving their health. CONCLUSIONS: Some results showed sex differences in the use and outcomes of formal asset recommendation. However, further research is needed to assess the relationship between social prescription, sex and gender and their implications.
Asunto(s)
Atención Primaria de Salud , Humanos , España , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Atención Primaria de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano , Factores Sexuales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Anciano de 80 o más AñosRESUMEN
Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Tobacco use, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity are some of the lifestyle risk factors that have led to an increase in cancer. This article updates the evidence and includes recommendations for prevention strategies for each of the cancers with the highest incidence. These are based on the reduction of risk factors (primary prevention) and early diagnosis of cancer through screening and early detection of signs and symptoms, in medium-risk and high-risk populations. This update of the 2022 PAPPS has taken into account the vision of the National Health System Cancer Strategy, an update approved by the Interterritorial Council of the National Health System on January 2021 and the European Strategy (Europe's Beating Cancer Plan) presented on 4 February 2021.
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Neoplasias , Humanos , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/epidemiología , Neoplasias/prevención & control , Factores de Riesgo , Estilo de Vida , Dieta , Tamizaje MasivoRESUMEN
Health professionals are among the most vulnerable to work stress and emotional exhaustion problems. These health professionals include tutors and resident intern specialists, due to the growing demand for the former and the high work overload of the latter. Mindfulness training programs can support these professionals during times of crisis, such as the current global pandemic caused by the coronavirus-19 disease. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of an abbreviated Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) training program in relation to a standard training program on the levels of mindfulness, self-compassion, and self-perceived empathy in tutors and resident intern specialists of Family and Community Medicine and Nursing. A total of 112 professionals attached to six Spanish National Health System teaching units (TUs) participated in this randomized and controlled clinical trial. Experimental Group (GE) participants were included in the standard or abbreviated MBSR programs. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), the Self-Compassion Scale short form (SCS-SF), and the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE) were administered three times during the study: before, immediately after, and 3 months after the intervention. Adjusted covariance analysis (ANCOVA), using pretest scores as the covariate, showed a significant increase in mindfulness (F(2,91) = 3.271; p = 0.042; η2 = 0.067) and self-compassion (F(2,91) = 6.046; p = 0.003; η2 = 0.117) in the post-test visit, and in self-compassion (F(2,79) = 3.880; p = 0.025; η2 = 0.089) in the follow-up visit, attributable to the implementation of the standard training program. The standard MBSR and MSC training program improves levels of mindfulness and self-compassion, and promotes long-lasting effects in tutors and resident intern specialists. New studies are needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of abbreviated training programs.
Asunto(s)
Empatía , Atención Plena , Medicina Comunitaria , Humanos , Estándares de Referencia , España , EspecializaciónRESUMEN
Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Tobacco use, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity are some of the lifestyle risk factors that have led to an increase in cancer. This article updates the evidence, and includes recommendations for prevention strategies for each of the cancers with the highest incidence. These are based on the reduction of risk factors (primary prevention) and early diagnosis of cancer through screening and early detection of signs and symptoms, in medium-risk and high-risk populations.
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Tamizaje Masivo , Neoplasias , Dieta , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/prevención & control , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Imported malaria is increasing in non-endemic areas due to the increment of international travels, migration and, probably, other unknown factors. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of malaria cases in a region of Spain; analyse the possible association between the variables of interest; compare this series with others; and evaluate the characteristics of imported malaria cases according to the country of origin, particularly cases from Equatorial Guinea (Spanish ex-colony) and from the rest of sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: A descriptive observational study was carried out with a retrospective data collection of cases of malaria reported in Aragon from 1996 to 2017. Univariate and bivariate analysis of clinical-epidemiological variables was performed. In addition, an analysis of cases from sub-Saharan Africa was carried out using logistic regression, calculating odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: 609 cases of malaria were recorded in Aragon from 1996 to 2017. An autochthonous case in 2010. 50.33% were between 15 and 39 years old. 45.65% of the cases were notified of the 4-weeks 9 to 12. 82.6% reside in the main province, urban area, of which 65.4% were VFR (Visiting Friends and Relatives), 23.8% new immigrants and 10.9% travellers. The infectious Plasmodium species par excellence was Plasmodium falciparum (88%). Analysing the cases from sub-Saharan Africa (95.2% of the total), 48.1% were from Equatorial Guinea. Comparing these with the cases from the rest of sub-Saharan Africa, it was observed that the cases from the Spanish ex-colony have association with the female gender, being under 5 years old, residing in the main province (urban area) and being a new immigrant. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiological profile of imported malaria cases can be defined as VFR between 15 and 39 years old, coming from sub-Saharan Africa, particularly from Equatorial Guinea. Immigrants education about the importance of chemoprophylaxis when travelling to visit friends and relatives, emphasizing on those who are originally from the ex-colonies of destination country, is necessary; as well as to raise awareness among health professionals to make advice in consultations, specially before summer vacations.
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Enfermedades Transmisibles Importadas/epidemiología , Malaria/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , África del Sur del Sahara/etnología , Anciano , Niño , Preescolar , Colonialismo , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes , Guinea Ecuatorial/etnología , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , España/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Health personnel are susceptible to high levels of work stress and burnout due to the psychological and emotional demands of their work, as well as to other aspects related to the organisation of that work. This paper describes the rationale and design of the MINDUUDD study, the aim of which is to evaluate the effectiveness of a mindfulness and self-compassion 4-session programme versus the standard 8-session programme to reduce work stress and burnout in Family and Community Medicine and Nursing tutors and residents. METHODS: The MINDUDD study is a multicentre cluster randomised controlled trial with three parallel arms. Six Teaching Units will be randomised to one of the three study groups: 1) Experimental Group-8 (EG8); 2) Experimental Group-4 (EG4) Control group (CG). At least 132 subjects will participate (66 tutors/66 residents), 44 in the EG8, 44 in the EG4, and 44 in the CG. Interventions will be based on the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program, including some self-compassion practices of the Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) programme. The EG8 intervention will be implemented during 8 weekly face-to-face sessions of 2.5 h each, while the EG4 intervention will consist of 4 sessions of 2.5 h each. The participants will have to practice at home for 30 min/day in the EG8 and 15 min/day in the EG4. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE), and Goldberg Anxiety-Depression Scale (GADS) will be administered. Measurements will be taken at baseline, at the end of the programs, and at three months after completion. The effect of the interventions will be evaluated by bivariate and multivariate analyses (Multiple Linear Regression). DISCUSSION: If the abbreviated mindfulness programme is at least as effective as the standard program, its incorporation into the curriculum and training plans will be easier and more appropriate. It will also be more easily applied and accepted by primary care professionals because of the reduced resources and means required for its implementation, and it may also extend beyond care settings to academic and teaching environments as well. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT03629457 ; date of registration: 13.08.2018).
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Agotamiento Profesional/prevención & control , Empatía , Atención Plena/métodos , Enfermeras y Enfermeros , Médicos de Familia , Agotamiento Profesional/terapia , Medicina Comunitaria , Estudios de Equivalencia como Asunto , Humanos , Estrés Laboral/prevención & control , Estrés Laboral/terapia , EspañaAsunto(s)
Neoplasias/prevención & control , Atención Primaria de Salud , Prevención Primaria/métodos , Prevención Secundaria/métodos , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Mama/prevención & control , Neoplasias Colorrectales/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/prevención & control , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Femenino , Neoplasias de los Genitales Femeninos/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de los Genitales Femeninos/prevención & control , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/prevención & control , Masculino , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/prevención & control , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/prevención & control , España/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/prevención & controlRESUMEN
No disponible
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Humanos , Promoción de la Salud , Prevención Primaria , Neoplasias/epidemiología , Neoplasias/prevención & control , España/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , IncidenciaRESUMEN
No disponible
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Humanos , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Neoplasias/prevención & control , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina , Promoción de la Salud , Prevención Primaria , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate the Spanish population's knowledge of and beliefs regarding the European Code Against Cancer (ECAC) recommendations. This was a cross-sectional, observational, multicentric study that used self-administered surveys. Ten individuals, between the ages of 15 and 69 years old, were enrolled by each participating primary care professional in their respective surgery consultations. This study used 2058 individuals who were recruited by 205 professionals from 106 health centres. Their average age was 41.5 years (52.2% women). The majority believe that smoking [94.1%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 93.1-95.2], sun exposure (91%; 95% CI: 89.7-92.3) and alcoholism (72.1%; 95% CI: 70.1-74.1) are factors related to cancer. The least relevant are infection by the hepatitis B virus (25.7%; 95% CI: 23.8-27.7) and having multiple sexual partners (25%; 95% CI: 23.1-26.9). In all, 86.7% (95% CI: 85.2-88.2) had never heard about the ECAC. Patients adequately identify the carcinogenic effect of tobacco, alcohol or sun exposure. Moreover, they inadequately identify having hepatitis B and multiple sexual partners as being related to cancer. A large majority of individuals have not heard of the ECAC, which raises the need to conduct outreach campaigns at an institutional level and/or through scientific associations and activities promoting health education among primary care professionals.
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Guías como Asunto , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Neoplasias/prevención & control , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Alcoholismo , Estudios Transversales , Europa (Continente) , Conducta Alimentaria , Femenino , Hepatitis B , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad , Conducta Sedentaria , Conducta Sexual , Parejas Sexuales , Fumar , España , Luz Solar , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Neoplasias/prevención & control , Neoplasias de la Mama/prevención & control , Neoplasias Colorrectales/prevención & control , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/prevención & control , Masculino , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/prevención & control , Neoplasias Cutáneas/prevención & control , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/prevención & controlRESUMEN
No disponible
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Humanos , Neoplasias/prevención & control , Prevención Primaria/organización & administración , Lesiones Precancerosas/diagnóstico , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Promoción de la Salud/organización & administración , Atención Primaria de Salud/organización & administración , Estilo de Vida , Exposición a Riesgos AmbientalesAsunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , 25580/ética , Monitoreo Epidemiológico/normas , Monitoreo Epidemiológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/etiología , Neoplasias de la Mama/prevención & control , Neoplasias de la Mama/radioterapia , 25580/análisis , 25580/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The application of new technologies to the education of health professionals is both a challenge and a necessity. Virtual worlds are increasingly being explored as a support for education. AIM: The aim of this work is to study the suitability of Second Life (SL) as an educational tool for primary healthcare professionals. DESIGN: Qualitative study of accredited clinical sessions in SL included in a continuing professional development (CPD) programme for primary healthcare professionals. LOCATION: Zaragoza I Zone Family and Community Medicine Education Unit (EU) and 9 health centres operated by the Aragonese Health Service, Aragon, Spain. METHOD: The EU held two training workshops in SL for 16 healthcare professionals from 9 health centres by means of two workshops, and requested them to facilitate clinical sessions in SL. Attendance was open to all personnel from the EU and the 9 health centres. After a trail period of clinical sessions held at 5 health centres between May and November 2010, the CPD-accredited clinical sessions were held at 9 health centres between February and April 2011. PARTICIPANTS: 76 healthcare professionals attended the CPD-accredited clinical sessions in SL. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Questionnaire on completion of the clinical sessions. RESULTS: Response rate: 42-100%. Questionnaire completed by each health centre on completion of the CPD-accredited clinical sessions: Access to SL: 2 centres were unable to gain access. Sound problems: 0% (0/9). Image problems: 0% (0/9). Voice/text chat: used in 100% (10/9); 0 incidents. Questionnaire completed by participants in the CPD-accredited clinical sessions: Preference for SL as a tool: 100% (76/76). Strengths of this method: 74% (56/76) considered it eliminated the need to travel; 68% (52/76) believed it made more effective use of educational resources; and 47% (36/76) considered it improved accessibility. Weaknesses: 91% (69/76) experienced technical problems, while; 9% (7/76) thought it was impersonal and with little interaction. 65.79% (50/76) believed it was better than other distance learning methods and 38.16% (29/76) believed it was better than face-to-face learning. CONCLUSIONS: SL is a tool that allows educational activities to be designed that involve a number of health centres in different geographical locations, consequently eliminating the need to travel and making more effective use of educational resources.