GHRL, LEP, LEPR genes polymorphism and their association with the metabolic syndrome in the Ukrainian population.

Objective. Many conflicting results have been obtained in the study of leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) gene variants that are associated with the obesity and diabetes possibly due to differences in the study populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the metabolic hormones (leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, resistin) levels in the blood of obese patients in relation to the GHRL (rs696217), LEP (rs7799039), LEPR (rs1137100, rs1137101, rs1805094) polymorphism in Ukrainian population. Methods. The study involved 53 obesity cases and 48 non-obesity subjects (controls). The GHRL, LEP, and LEPR genes polymorphism (rs696217, rs7799039, rs1137100, rs1137101, rs1805094) was genotyped using a TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction method. Blood hormones (leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, resistin) were determined with commercially available kits using a Multiskan FC analyzer. Results. The study of the effect of genotypes of the GHRL (rs696217), LEP (rs7799039), and LEPR (rs1137100, rs1805094) polymorphisms on the level of metabolic hormones (leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, resistin) in the blood of obese patients did not show reliably significant results. Thus, the presence of the LEPR genes (rs1137101) polymorphism in the Ukrainian population indicates an increased risk of the metabolic syndrome development regardless of the homozygous or heterozygous genotype (genotypes AA, AG, GG). Conclusions. We established a significant effect of the presence of the A allele and G allele of the LEPR gene polymorphism (rs1137101) on the level of leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, and resistin in the serum of patients diagnosed with the metabolic syndrome in the Ukrainian population.

Effect of the GHRL gene (rs696217) polymorphism on the metabolic disorders in patients with obesity in the Ukrainian population.

Objective. Over the past four decades, the prevalence of obesity has tripled and limited genetic studies with specific SNPs have been conducted, but no investigations using ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide (GHRL) gene have been reported in the Ukrainians population. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the level of metabolic hormones in the blood of obese patients in relation to the GHRL (rs696217) polymorphism. Methods. The study involved 53 obesity cases and 48 non-obesity subjects (controls). The GHRL (rs696217) polymorphism was genotyped using a TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction method. Blood hormones were determined with commercially available kits using a Multi-skan FC analyzer. Results. Carriers of the T allele of the GHRL (rs696217) polymorphism were statistically significantly more in patients diagnosed with obesity compared to controls indicating a genetically determined cause of obesity. We also established a significant effect of the presence of the T allele of the GHRL (rs696217) polymorphism on the decrease in the adiponectin level and the increase of resistin level in obese patients. The study of the effect of genotypes (TT, GT, GG) of the GHRL (rs696217) polymorphism on the metabolic hormone levels in the blood of obese patients did not show reliably significant differences. Conclusions. The presence of the T allele of the GHRL (rs696217) polymorphism in Ukrainian population indicates an increased risk of the obesity development regardless on the homozygous or heterozygous genotype.

Current Knowledge on Interactions of Plant Materials Traditionally Used in Skin Diseases in Poland and Ukraine with Human Skin Microbiota.

Skin disorders of different etiology, such as dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, wounds, burns, and others, are widely spread in the population. In severe cases, they require the topical application of drugs, such as antibiotics, steroids, and calcineurin inhibitors. With milder symptoms, which do not require acute pharmacological interventions, medications, dietary supplements, and cosmetic products of plant material origin are gaining greater popularity among professionals and patients. They are applied in various pharmaceutical forms, such as raw infusions, tinctures, creams, and ointments. Although plant-based formulations have been used by humankind since ancient times, it is often unclear what the mechanisms of the observed beneficial effects are. Recent advances in the contribution of the skin microbiota in maintaining skin homeostasis can shed new light on understanding the activity of topically applied plant-based products. Although the influence of various plants on skin-related ailments are well documented in vivo and in vitro, little is known about the interaction with the network of the skin microbial ecosystem. The review aims to summarize the hitherto scientific data on plant-based topical preparations used in Poland and Ukraine and indicate future directions of the studies respecting recent developments in understanding the etiology of skin diseases. The current knowledge on investigations of interactions of plant materials/extracts with skin microbiome was reviewed for the first time.

Experimental unilateral intracerebral hemorrhage induces delayed bilateral neurodegeneration of sciatic nerve fibres in rats.

Pathological processes, such as inflammatory effects, oxidative stress, apoptosis and cytotoxicity of blood after an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), generally contribute to a secondary injury. One of the secondary ICH consequences in the nervous system may be delayed neurodegeneration of the peripheral nerves. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate possible structural changes in the sciatic nerve and changes in the conduction velocity via this nerve at different terms after experimental ICH in male Wistar rats. Intracerebral hemorrhage was provided by direct injection of autologous blood into the capsula interna. On the 10th day after ICH mean conduction velocity in sciatic nerve was 15% smaller compared to the control. On the 30th and 90th days after ICH, highly significant decreases in the conduction velocity by 62% and 60%, respectively in comparison with the control group of animals were observed. The data of morphometric analysis demonstrated significant decreases in the mean diameter and density of myelinated fibres at all examined terms after ICH. A number of the myelin sheaths were swollen and lost their regular laminations. Axoplasmic and myelin degenerations were the most frequent events in these nerve fibres; reductions of the diameter of the axis cylinders were also observed. In the contralateral nerve (related to the hemisphere with ICH), negative changes were greater, while the ipsilateral nerve was also subjected to those. Our data demonstrate that the consequences of unilateral ICH in the capsula interna induce bilateral negative changes in the peripheral nervous system of rats.

Characterization of herbal teas containing lime flowers - Tiliae flos by HPTLC method with chemometric analysis.

Linden trees are a source of food products called lime flowers (Tiliae flos), traditionally used in the form of infusion for the treatment of feverish colds and coughs. Lime flowers should include flowers of Tilia cordata Mill, T.x europaea L., and T. platyphyllos Scop. or a mixture of these. The aim of current research was to establish a fast, sensitive HPTLC (high-performance thin-layer chromatography) method that would allow the differentiation of material obtained from five species of lime occurring in Europe. The fingerprints for distinguishing these species were established, as well as a key for identification based on a visual evaluation of chromatograms. The results obtained were also subjected to chemometric analyses. It was shown that each species contains characteristic compounds i.e. linarin that can be used for their identification. The method developed can, in theory, be introduced for the quality control or authentication of linden flowers on the European market.

Dynamics of Cytokine Profile Indicators Changes in Animals with Acute Generalized Peritonitis on the Background of Diabetes Mellitus.

In acute peritonitis, any surgical intervention leads to impaired immune protection with the development of postoperative purulent-septic complications, which increases several times the likelihood of death, especially in people with secondary immunodeficiency as a consequence diabetes mellitus. We aimed to study the dynamics of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine content in rat serum under experimental acute generalized peritonitis on the background of diabetes mellitus. Fifty-six white rats were used for the study. The determination of the serum cytokine profile was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. When comparing the levels of interleukins between the study groups, a statistically significant increase in the level of proinflammatory cytokines was found in the group of diabetic animals during all experimental periods. In particular, the concentration of interleukin - 1ß increased significantly by 94% on day 1 of observation, by 115% on day 3, and by 121% on day 7 compared to the control group. Similarly, a significant increase in TNF-α levels was observed in animals with diabetes. In this group, the most significant increase in the level of TNF-α was recorded on the seventh day of the experiment, and it increased by 3.4 times. Animals with acute peritonitis on the background of diabetes had a significantly increased concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the serum of all study groups, which confirms their involvement in the pathogenesis of the disease under study.