Efeitos adversos associados a uso de contraceptivos orais em discentes / Adverse effects associated with students' use of oral contraceptives

Objetivos: Investigar o número de mulheres, as causas que levam a fazer o uso e descrever os efeitos adversos mais comuns associados ao uso de contraceptivos orais de forma contínua. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo observacional, transversal ou de prevalência e quantitativo. A pesquisa teve população de 832 alunas do curso de Direito dos turnos matutino, vespertino e noturno, no período de agosto a setembro, tendo como amostra 248 participantes para esse estudo. O questionário versou sobre o uso de anticoncepcionais, o perfil das usuárias e os possíveis efeitos adversos observados ao longo do uso. Resultados: A prevalência de uso dos contraceptivos orais foi de 42,3%, justificada principalmente pelo desejo de evitar a concepção (42,9%), regular os níveis hormonais (25,7%) e tratar acne (15,2%). Cerca de 63,8% relataram que já sentiram algum desconforto associado ao uso destes medicamentos, sendo os mais frequentes aumento de peso corporal (32,4%), alterações de humor (24,3%), dor nas mamas (13,5%), cefaleia (4,1%), dor abdominal (2,7%). Conclusão: A prevalência de efeitos adversos decorrentes do uso contínuo de contraceptivos orais é alta, evidenciando-se a necessidade de conscientizar as usuárias a buscarem profissionais habilitados, para que elas façam uso do anticoncepcional mais adequado, minimizando o desconforto advindo dos efeitos adversos.

Objectives: To investigate the number of women, the causes that lead to making use, and to describe the most common adverse effects associated with oral contraceptive continuous use. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional, or prevalence and quantitative study. The research had a population of 832 students of the law course of the morning, afternoon and evening shifts, from August to September, with a sample of 248 participants for this study. The questionnaire was about contraceptive use, users' profile, and possible adverse effects observed during use. Results: The prevalence of oral contraceptive use was 42.3%, mainly explained by the desire to avoid conception (42.9%), regulate hormone levels (25.7%), and to treat acne (15.2%). About 63.8% reported already having some discomfort associated with the use of these medications, with the most frequent being body weight gain (32.4%), mood swings (24.3%), breast pain (13.5%), headache (4.1%), abdominal pain (2.7%). Conclusion: The prevalence of adverse effects resulting from the continued use of oral contraceptives is high, so there is a need to guide users to seek qualified professionals so that they make use of the most appropriate contraceptive, minimizing the discomfort arising from adverse effects.

Pharmaceutical development of tablets containing a spray-dried optimized extract from Lippia origanoides H. B. K.: influence of excipients and toxicological assessment

ABSTRACT Lippia origanoides is a honey shrub which has showed hypotensive potential assessed by in vivo studies. The aim of this work is the development of a pharmaceutical formulation composed by an optimized extract obtained from aerial parts of L. origanoides. The quantification of the naringenin marker in the dry extract and tablets developed was performed, as well as the assessment of the oral acute toxicity in rats. The hydroalcoholic extract of L. origanoides was spray-dried with the addition of colloidal silicon dioxide (Lo-HAE/CSD), and then applied in the preparation of eight different lots of tablets. The influence of the diluent (cellulose or babassu mesocarp), the presence of binder, and the percentage of lubricant, as well as organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics were screened. For the quantification of the marker content both in Lo-HAE/CSD and in the tablets, an analytical curve of the naringenin standard was fitted, and the samples were then analyzed in UFLC. The toxicological assessment was performed in female Wistar rats according to the Acute Toxic Class Method from OECD. The developed tablets produced meet acceptable macroscopic characteristics, and the presence of babassu as diluent provided improved physicochemical properties. The best content of Lo-HAE/CSD in the tablet (100.27%) was identified for the lot containing babassu, composed by 1.0% magnesium stearate, without PVP binder in its formulation. Moreover, Lo-HAE/CSD showed no signs of toxicity. Therefore, the babassu mesocarp powder is a promising pharmaceutical excipient for the development of herbal tablets containing the Lippia origanoides extract.

Da mãe África aos filhos Brasil: expressão da herança genética para a anemia falciforme em estudantes docurso de farmácia da Universidade Federal do Piauí / The mother africa children Brazil: expression of genetic inheritance for sickle cell anemia

Doenca hereditaria de maior prevalencia no mundo e no Brasil, a anemia falciforme ja e considerada um problema de saude publica. Caracterizada pela homozigose do gene da hemoglobina S, acarreta uma gama de sinais e sintomas que exige atencao integral ao paciente. O traco falciforme e caracterizado pela heterozigose do gene da hemoglobina S, ou seja, o sujeito nao manifesta a doenca, apenas carrega a heranca genetica. Na presente pesquisa objetivou-se verificar a presenca do traco falciforme em estudantes do curso de graduacao em Farmacia do Centro de Ciencias da Saude da Universidade Federal do Piaui, utilizando-se a metodologiada eletroforese de hemoglobinas, realizadas a partir de amostras sanguineas previamente coletadas, seguindo-se de questionariosociodemografico, realizadas no mes de setembro de 2007. Como resultado detectou-se a prevalencia de 1,5% do traco falciforme, o que esta de acordo com as literaturas consultadas que indicam a prevalencia de 1 a 4% do traco falciforme nas regioes brasileiras.

Hereditary illness of bigger prevalence in the world and Brazil, the sickle cell already is considered a problem of publichealth. Characterized for homozigose of the gene of the sickle hemoglobin, it causes a gamma of signals and symptoms that demands integral attention to the patient. The sickle trace is characterized by heterozigose of the gene of the sickle hemoglobin, or either, the not manifest citizen the illness, only loads the genetic inheritance. The present research was based on the study of the presence of the sickle trace in students of the course of graduation in Pharmacy of the Center of Sciences of the Health of the Federal University ofthe Piauí, having used itself it methodology of hemoglobins eletroforesis, carried through from sanguineous samples previously collected, following themselves of interview half-structuralized, carried through in the month of September of 2007. As result detected it prevalence of 1,5% of the sickle trace, the one that this in accordance with consulted literatures that indicate the prevalence of 1 4% of the sickle trace in the Brazilian regions.