Baseline-free guided wave damage detection with surrogate data and dictionary learning.

In guided wave structural health monitoring, damage detection is often accomplished by comparing measurements before damage (i.e., baseline data) and after damage (i.e., test data). Yet, in practical scenarios, baseline data is often unavailable. Data from surrogate structures (structures similar to the test structure) could replace baseline data, but due to small differences in material properties, such as thickness, temperature, and other effects, this data is often unreliable. In this paper, a dictionary learning framework overcomes this challenge and detects damage with surrogate information. The framework combines wave propagation characteristics of a test structure with geometric information from surrogate structures to create a synthetic damage-free baseline. The test data is compared with the synthetic baseline to detect damage. The framework is evaluated with four 108 mm ×108 mm plates: two 1.6-mm thick aluminum plates, one 1.6-mm thick steel plate, and one 6.25 mm thick aluminum plate. The framework is applied to each test structure after learning from plates with different material properties and thicknesses. With full wavefield data, this paper successfully isolates reflections from a mass without using explicit baseline data. Furthermore, with sparse guided wave data, this paper shows that a drop in a correlation coefficient can detect a mass without using explicit baseline data.