Double-blind prospective randomized study comparing polyethylene glycol to lactulose for bowel preparation in colonoscopy.

BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy is the most frequent exam used to evaluate colonic mucosa, allowing the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. The appropriate bowel preparation is indispensable for the realization of colonoscopy. Therefore, it is necessary the use of laxative medications, preferentially by oral administration. AIM: To compare two medications used in bowel preparation in adult patients going to ambulatory colonoscopy and to analyze the patients' profile. METHODS: A double-blind prospective study with 200 patients, randomized in two groups: one that received polyethilene glycol and another that received lactulose. The patients answered to questionnaires to data compilation, as tolerance, symptoms and complications related to preparation. Besides, it was also evaluated the prepare efficacy related to the presence of fecal residue. RESULTS: Intestinal habit alterations and abdominal pain were the main reasons to realize the exams and hypertension was the most prevalent comorbidity. Ten percent of the ones who received lactulose didn't get to finish the preparation and 50% considered the taste "bad, but tolerable". The most common subjective symptom after the medication was nausea, especially after lactulose. During the exam, most of the patients who used lactulose had a "light discomfort" and the ones who used polyethilene glycol considered the discomfort as "tolerable". The quality of the preparation was good in 75%, undependable of the medication that was used. CONCLUSION: Polyethilene glycol was more tolerable when compared to lactulose, without difference on the quality of the preparation.

Double-blind prospective randomized study comparing polyethylene glycol to lactulose for bowel preparation in colonoscopy / Estudo prospectivo randomizado duplo-cego comparando polietilenoglicol com lactulose para preparo de colon em colonoscopia

Background: Colonoscopy is the most frequent exam used to evaluate colonic mucosa, allowing the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. The appropriate bowel preparation is indispensable for the realization of colonoscopy. Therefore, it is necessary the use of laxative medications, preferentially by oral administration. Aim: To compare two medications used in bowel preparation in adult patients going to ambulatory colonoscopy and to analyze the patients' profile. Methods: A double-blind prospective study with 200 patients, randomized in two groups: one that received polyethilene glycol and another that received lactulose. The patients answered to questionnaires to data compilation, as tolerance, symptoms and complications related to preparation. Besides, it was also evaluated the prepare efficacy related to the presence of fecal residue. Results: Intestinal habit alterations and abdominal pain were the main reasons to realize the exams and hypertension was the most prevalent comorbidity. Ten percent of the ones who received lactulose didn't get to finish the preparation and 50% considered the taste "bad, but tolerable". The most common subjective symptom after the medication was nausea, especially after lactulose. During the exam, most of the patients who used lactulose had a "light discomfort" and the ones who used polyethilene glycol considered the discomfort as "tolerable". The quality of the preparation was good in 75%, undependable of the medication that was used. Conclusion : Polyethilene glycol was more tolerable when compared to lactulose, without difference on the quality of the preparation. .

Racional - A colonoscopia é o exame mais utilizado atualmente para avaliação da mucosa colônica, permitindo diagnóstico e tratamento de diversas doenças. O preparo de cólon adequado é imprescindível para a realização do exame. Para tanto, é necessária a utilização de laxantes, cuja via preferencial de preparo é a oral. Objetivo - Comparar duas soluções para preparo de cólon nos pacientes adultos a serem submetidos à colonoscopia em regime ambulatorial e o perfil destes pacientes. Métodos - Estudo prospectivo duplo-cego com 200 pacientes distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: um que recebeu dose padrão de polietilenoglicol e o outro que recebeu dose padrão de lactulose. Os pacientes responderam a questionários para compilação de dados, como tolerância, sintomas e complicações relacionadas ao preparo. Além disso, foi avaliada também a eficácia do preparo com relação à presença de resíduos fecais. Resultados - Alteração do hábito intestinal e dor abdominal foram os principais motivos para o exame, sendo que hipertensão a comorbidade mais prevalente. Dez por cento dos que receberam lactulona não conseguiram completar o preparo e 50% consideraram o gosto do preparo "ruim, mas tolerável". O sintoma subjetivo mais comum após o preparo foi náusea, principalmente após a lactulona. Durante o exame, a maioria dos usuários da lactulona teve desconforto "leve", sendo que os que usaram polietilenoglicol consideraram o desconforto como "tolerável". A qualidade do preparo foi boa em 75%, independentemente do preparo utilizado. Conclusão - O polietilenoglicol apresentou melhor tolerância quando comparado à lactulona, não havendo diferença na qualidade do preparo. .

Comparison of ghrelin plasma levels between pre and postoperative period in patients submitted to gastric plication associated with fundoplication.

BACKGROUND: The recurrence of the gastroesophageal reflux disease may be related to later postoperative weight gain, therefore increasing the chances of developing columnar metaplasia and cancer. The gastric plication associated with fundoplication can be employed in order to be treating the two issues. AIM: To evaluate the serum ghrelin hormone in pre and postoperatively as well as weight loss and control of reflux disease in patients undergoing gastroplication associated with fundoplication. METHODS: Was performed laparoscopic gastric plication with fundoplication in eight patients; endoscopic examinations were performed pre and postoperatively as well as blood collection for ghrelin hormonal dosage. RESULTS: There was control of reflux symptoms and mucosal lesions. Weight loss was significant. Since the change of the hormone ghrelin was not of great significance. CONCLUSIONS: Gastric plication associated with fundoplication was effective in treating reflux disease with surgical indication and for weight loss in obese patients. Appetite control occurs, but not due to ghrelin, because no significant decrease of its plasmatic levels was observed.

Comparação dos níveis plasmáticos de grelina nos períodos pré e pós-operatório em pacientes submetidos à plicatura gástrica associada à fundoplicatura / Comparison of ghrelin plasma levels between pre and postoperative period in patients submitted to gastric plication associated with fundoplication

RACIONAL: A doença do refluxo gastroesofágico e sua recidiva podem estar relacionadas ao ganho de peso tardio após a cirurgia bariátrica, aumentando a incidência de metaplasia colunar e neoplasia. A plicatura gástrica associada à fundoplicatura pode ser empregada com o objetivo de se tratar a doença do refluxo e o sobrepeso. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o hormônio grelina no pré e pós-operatório, bem como a perda de peso e o controle da doença do refluxo em pacientes submetidos à gastroplicatura com fundoplicatura. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada gastroplicatura com fundoplicatura videolaparoscópica em oito pacientes. Os exames endoscópicos foram realizados no pré e no pós-operatório, bem como a coleta de sangue para a dosagem do hormônio grelina. RESULTADOS: Houve melhora dos sintomas do refluxo e das alterações na mucosa em todos os pacientes. A perda de peso foi significativa. Não houve significância na redução dos níveis plasmáticos de grelina. CONCLUSÕES: Com a plicatura gástrica e fundoplicatura: 1) não houve redução significativa no hormônio grelina, apesar do relato de diminuição da fome e aumento da saciedade pelos pacientes; 2) o procedimento foi eficaz no tratamento da doença do refluxo; 3) obteve-se perda de peso significativa.

BACKGROUND: The recurrence of the gastroesophageal reflux disease may be related to later postoperative weight gain, therefore increasing the chances of developing columnar metaplasia and cancer. The gastric plication associated with fundoplication can be employed in order to be treating the two issues. AIM: To evaluate the serum ghrelin hormone in preand postoperatively as well as weight loss and control of reflux disease in patients undergoing gastroplication associated with fundoplication. METHODS: Was performed laparoscopic gastric plication with fundoplication in eight patients; endoscopic examinations were performed pre and postoperatively as well as blood collection for ghrelin hormonal dosage. RESULTS: There was control of reflux symptoms and mucosal lesions. Weight loss was significant. Since the change of the hormone ghrelin was not of great significance. CONCLUSIONS: Gastric plication associated with fundoplication was effective in treating reflux disease with surgical indication and for weight loss in obese patients. Appetite control occurs, but not due to ghrelin, because no significant decrease of its plasmatic levels was observed.

Gastroplastia como tratamento do diabete melito tipo 2 / Gastroplasty as a treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus

RACIONAL: O diabete melito tipo 2 está, com certa frequência, associado à obesidade mórbida e pode ser prevenido, melhorado e até mesmo revertido com as diversas modalidades de operações bariátricas. OBJETIVOS: Comparar as glicemias séricas pré e pós-operatórias dos pacientes submetidos à gastroplastia com as técnicas de Capella e sleeve gástrico. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo e prospectivo com análises das glicemias séricas pré e pós-operatórias de pacientes submetidos à gastroplastia. RESULTADOS: Dos 83 pacientes analisados, 76 (91,5 por cento) eram do sexo feminino. A idade variou de 21 a 64 anos, sendo 44 anos a idade média. Setenta e sete (92,7 por cento) foram submetidos à gastroplastia (Capella) e seis (7,3 por cento) à sleeve gástrico. A glicemia pré-operatória variou de 125 a 500 mg/dL caindo para a variação de 76 a 120 mg/dL no pós-operatório de três meses. Dos 77 pacientes que usavam tratamento medicamentoso para a diabete, 57 tomavam metformina de 850 a 3500 mg por dia, 18 glibenclamida de 5 a 10 mg por dia e 17 insulina. Após 3 meses da operação, 92,2 por cento cessaram o uso de medicamentos para diabete e em 100 por cento dos que permaneceram medicados houve redução de mais de 65 por cento na dose do fármaco, sendo que nenhum permaneceu dependente de insulina no tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: A cirurgia bariátrica constitui-se em método eficaz para a melhora e até mesmo reversão do diabete melito tipo 2.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus type 2 is not infrequently associated with obesity and can be prevented, improved and even reversed with the different types of bariatric operations. AIM: To compare serum glucose levels on pre and post-operative periods in patients undergoing gastroplasty with Capella and gastric sleeve techniques. METHOD: A descriptive and prospective analysis of serum glucose levels was done on pre and post-operative patients undergoing these operations. RESULTS: Of the 83 patients analyzed, 76 (91.5 percent) were female. Ages ranged from 21 to 64 years, with average age of 44 years. Seventy-seven (92.7 percent) underwent gastroplasty (Capella) and six (7.3 percent) to gastric sleeve. The pre-operative blood glucose ranged from 125 to 500 mg / dL and dropped to 76 to 120 mg / dL in the post-operative period of three months. Of the 77 patients taking medication for diabetes, 57 had metformin 850 to 3500 mg daily, 18 glibenclamide 5 to 10 mg per day and 17 insulin. After three months of operation, 92.2 percent stopped using drugs for diabetes and 100 percent of those who remained medicated decreased from more than 65 percent the dose of the drug, and none remained dependent of insulin treatment. CONCLUSION: Bariatric surgery is effective method to improve and even reverse type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Healing of the abdominal wall after parcial hepatectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the wound healing of the abdominal wall incision in hepatectomized rats as for the concentration of collagen, inflammatory reaction and angiogenesis. METHODS: We used 48 rats randomly assigned to laparotomy with or without hepatectomy. The scars were studied in the 3rd, 7th and 14th postoperative days. We analyzed the density of collagen by the histochemical method and angiogenesis, by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The analysis showed a lower total collagen concentration in skin and subcutaneous tissue in the abdominal scars of the experiment group (p3 = 0.011, p7 = 0.004 and p14 = 0.008). The density of collagen I was lower in the hepatectomy group, especially in the third day, in the skin, subcutaneous tissue (p = 0.038) and in the aponeurotic plane (p = 0.026). There was a lower concentration of collagen III in the two abdominal wall layers studied, although not statistically significant. The inflammatory response was similar at all times in both groups. It was found that angiogenesis was developed earlier in the control group (p3 = 0.005 and p7 = 0.012) and later in the experimental group (p14 = 0.048). CONCLUSION: Hepatectomy leads to a delay in the healing process, interfering with collagen synthesis and angiogenesis.

Cicatrização da parede abdominal após hepatectomia parcial / Healing of the abdominal wall after parcial hepatectomy

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a cicatrização da ferida incisional da parede abdominal de ratos hepatectomizados quanto à concentração de colágeno, reação inflamatória e angiogênese. MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se 48 ratos distribuídos aleatoriamente para laparotomia com e sem hepatectomia. As cicatrizes foram estudadas no 3º, 7º e 14º dia de pós-operatório. Analisou-se a densidade do colágeno por método histoquímico e a angiogênese por método imunohistoquímico. RESULTADOS: A análise do colágeno total mostrou menor concentração no plano da pele e da tela subcutânea, nas cicatrizes abdominais do grupo experimento (p3=0,011; p7=0,004 e p14=0,008). A densidade de colágeno I foi inferior no grupo hepatectomizado, principalmente no 3º dia, tanto na pele e tela subcutânea (p=0,038) quanto no plano aponeurótico (p=0,026). Houve menor concentração de colágeno III nos dois planos estudados, embora não significante. A resposta inflamatória foi semelhante em todos os tempos, nos dois grupos. Verificou-se que a angiogênese desenvolveu-se mais precocemente no grupo controle (p3=0,005 e p7=0,012) e mais tardiamente no grupo experimento (p14=0,048). CONCLUSÃO: A hepatectomia leva ao atraso do processo cicatricial, interferindo na síntese do colágeno e na angiogênese.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the wound healing of the abdominal wall incision in hepatectomized rats as for the concentration of collagen, inflammatory reaction and angiogenesis. METHODS: We used 48 rats randomly assigned to laparotomy with or without hepatectomy. The scars were studied in the 3rd, 7th and 14th postoperative days. We analyzed the density of collagen by the histochemical method and angiogenesis, by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The analysis showed a lower total collagen concentration in skin and subcutaneous tissue in the abdominal scars of the experiment group (p3 = 0.011, p7 = 0.004 and p14 = 0.008). The density of collagen I was lower in the hepatectomy group, especially in the third day, in the skin, subcutaneous tissue (p = 0.038) and in the aponeurotic plane (p = 0.026). There was a lower concentration of collagen III in the two abdominal wall layers studied, although not statistically significant. The inflammatory response was similar at all times in both groups. It was found that angiogenesis was developed earlier in the control group (p3 = 0.005 and p7 = 0.012) and later in the experimental group (p14 = 0.048). CONCLUSION: Hepatectomy leads to a delay in the healing process, interfering with collagen synthesis and angiogenesis.

Tratamento da obesidade mórbida com gastrectomia vertical / Treatment of morbid obesity with vertical gastrectomy

RACIONAL: A gastrectomia vertical constitui-se em uma das opções de tratamento para a obesidade mórbida. Com a remoção de parte relevante da grande curvatura gástrica, cria-se um estômago tubular com pequena capacidade volumétrica, dando a característica restritiva à operação. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar os pacientes submetidos à gastrectomia vertical quanto ao gênero, idade, índice de massa corporal, co-morbidades associadas, tempo de internamento e evolução pósoperatória a curto prazo. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo descritivo e retrospectivo em que foram analisados os prontuários de 114 pacientes obesos mórbidos submetidos à gastrectomia vertical. RESULTADOS: Dos 114 pacientes, 107 (93,8 por cento) eram do gênero masculino, sendo que a idade média foi de 38 anos (19 a 55). O índice de massa corporal médio foi de 45,9 kg/m² (35 a 65). O tempo de internamento teve um mínimo de 3 e máximo de 48 dias. A principal co-morbidade associada foi a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (63 por cento). Como evolução pós-operatória, 24 pacientes (21 por cento) necessitaram de cuidados em unidade de terapia intensiva e houve um total de quatro óbitos (3,5 por cento). CONCLUSÕES: A gastrectomia vertical constitui-se em método seguro e eficaz para perda de peso em obesos mórbidos, sendo uma técnica cirúrgica com baixa morbimortalidade e bons resultados cirúrgicos imediatos.

BACKGROUND: Vertical gastrectomy is an option to morbid obesity treatment.Removing a relevant part of the stomach's great curvature, a gastric tube is created with low volumetric capacity, giving to the operation the restrictive characteristic. AIM: To evaluate the patients submitted to vertical gastrectomy regarding gender, age, body mass index, associated comorbidities, time of hospitalization and evolution on the early postoperative period. METHODS: This was a descriptive and retrospective study that analyzed the medical records of 114 morbidly obese patients submitted to vertical gastrectomy. RESULTS: A hundred and seven (93,8 percent) of the patients were male and the average age was 38 years old. The body mass index was 45,9 kg/m². About the time of hospitalization, there was a minimum of 3 and maximum of 48 days. The main comorbidity was systemic arterial hypertension (63 percent). About the evolution after the surgery, 24 patients (21 percent) needed intensive care and four patients died (3,5 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Vertical gastrectomy constitutes a safe and effective method to the weight loss on morbid obeses, being a surgical technique with low morbimortality and good immediate surgical results.